Stracener, Michael AP Exam Vocabulary

the number of digits or combination of digits that a system uses to represent numbers

computer programs or models that imitate real-world scenarios or processes

The operator that returns the remainder of dividing 2 numbers

a global system of interlinked documents and other web resources, accessible via the Internet

Any written text, illustrations or video that describe a software or program to its users

The process of combining multiple strings into one big string

a type of malicious software (malware) that spreads from one computer to another, aiming to cause damage or steal data,

Mistakes in the source code such as incorrect spelling, typos, etc, that cause an error message to appear

A software development approach that breaks the process of developing a large application into smaller parts

a continuous, unbounded flow of data elements that are made available over time

the process of making data uniform and consistent without altering its meaning

A method of building software products in which a system is built piece-by-piece

8 bits of digital info

systematic and repeatable errors in a computer system that create unfair outcomes

a list set of instructions, used to solve problems or perform tasks

a set of rules that govern how data is transmitted and received between devices in a network

A way of representing data using 1s and 0s

Compression of data that is reversible (zero data will be lost)

The result that the computer produces from the user’s input

Continuous data created from non-digital devices

selecting a representative subset of data from a larger population to make inferences about the entire population

Iterates over a subset of the items

the specific order in which instructions are performed in an algorithm.

a fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive info by pretending to be a trustworthy source, often via email or fake websites

the process of removing elements of a code or program that aren't relevant or that distract from more important elements

The smallest unit of digital info

a way for creators to grant the public permission to use their copyrighted work under specific terms

an unauthorized wireless access point installed on a network without the network owner's permission

Text embedded in a programs code that is used to explain the purpose and or functionality of a section of code

A decision a program makes depending on giving information

a problem that can be posed as a yes–no question based on the given input values.

the participation of the general public in scientific research

A decision problem that can be solved by an algorithm that halts on all inputs in a reasonable amount of time

processing tasks or instructions in a linear, step-by-step manner. 

A way of representing data using numbers 0-9

 a method of encrypting and decrypting data using two related keys: a public key and a private key

the process of encoding, restructuring or otherwise modifying data to reduce its size

a function that repeats a block of code in a specified order, often until a specific result occurs.

When a computation system performs optimally with minimal inputs

the system's ability to continue operating despite failures or malfunctions.

the actual input expression passed/supplied to a function, procedure, or routine in the invocation/call statement

All elements in the list are accessed

the process of protecting information or data by using mathematical models to scramble it and keep it secret

Compression of data that is Irreversibly (some data will be lost)

Error that occurs when code is syntactically correct but produces an incorrect result

the practice of getting a large amount of input or information from people on the Internet. 

any physical machine capable of running a program

A portion of a program’s memory that contain executable instructions

The process of unscrambling and encryption

a method in computing of running two or more processors, or CPUs, to handle separate parts of an overall task

 selecting a smaller group, or sample, from a larger population to represent the whole

a computational model that uses multiple, networked computers (or nodes) to solve a problem or perform a task.

an if or if else statement inside another if else

errors that happen while the program is running

software whose source code is made publicly available

a form of malware or hardware that keeps track of and records your keystrokes as you type

A type of coding instruction used to compare values and express and make decisions

the process of finding the best path for data packets to travel from a source to a destination across a network

having unnecessary or duplicated code that doesn't add value and can make the code less efficient and harder to manage

an overflow error that occurs when trying to store an integer value outside the range defined by its data type.

A data structure that holds a sequence of elements

a common practice in software development where two developers work on the same coding task at the same time

a contiguous sequence of characters within a string

continuously divides the sorted list, comparing the middle element with the target value

the result of processing data, usually by computer

a specific case or example of an abstract problem

A smaller component of a larger system

A piece of memory that stores a value that can be changed

designing solutions that continue to function efficiently with a growing number of users

sequentially checks each element in the list until it finds a match or exhausts the list

A special kind of variable used in a function to refer to one of the pieces of data provided as input to the function

a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

anyone can access it and use it to research outputs without financial, legal, or technical barriers

a software intermediary that allows two applications to talk to each other

A section of computer code that performs a specific

Data type that is used to represent text rather than numbers

a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

 allows you to reuse code that is already written instead of rewriting the code and repeating it

the gap between those who have access to technology, the internet and digital literacy training and those who do not

a challenge or roadblock

Things that happen in the system you are programming

the specific location or route through which a file or directory can be accessed within a file system.

the capacity of a network connection to carry data

a basic unit of data that's grouped together and transferred over a computer network

practical problem-solving techniques/methods used to find quick & effective solutions when dealing with complex issues

the collection of all of the program’s executions

data that can be used to identify a specific individual, either directly or indirectly,

there is no algorithm that can provide a definite answer for all instances of this problem.

Instructions for a computer to execute specific tasks

A type of coding instruction used to compare values and express and make decisions

dividing a system into separate modules or components

the problem of finding the best solution from all feasible solutions.

a set of instructions written by a programmer to deliver instructions to the computer to perform and accomplish tasks

programming constructs that allow a set of instructions to be repeated multiple times based on a specified condition

any software intentionally designed to harm, exploit, or compromise devices, networks, or data

the ratio of the time taken for a sequential execution to the time for a parallel execution.

An error that occurs when a program tries to store more data in a fixed-sized location than it can handle

the position or location at which an individual element is stored within a data structure, such as an array

information that describes other data

a fundamental protocol for transferring data, specifically web pages, between a client and a server

which one these is strongest password

Inaccuracies that occur when representing real numbers with finite precision

a result that can only have one of two possible values: true or false

something new that relies on computing to function, and it wouldn't work without that computing element.