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Lit Eval
Lit Eval
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Answers
1
K-M curve can be used to provide evidence as to how quickly a certain proportion of patients reach an event
True
False
2
Cochran's Q only informs whether or not heterogeneity exists
False
True
3
Hazard Ratio (HR) = A measure of risk similar to relative risk, but with the element of time taken into account
False
True
4
What does the OR > 1 mean
no difference in the odds between groups
Kaboom
odds are decreased and generally underestimates the RR
odds are increased and generally overestimates RR
5
Which is used more in clinical trials
OR
RR
AD
NNT/NNH
6
Which ones below fall under ratio and absolute zero
Temperature
Blood Pressure
Hipid panel
HbA1C
7
Practice Question (select all and write the answer down)
What is the NNT and NNH
What is the RRI or RRR
Significant? And Categorical or Continuous
What is the AD and RR
8
Prospective goes in reverse, and Retrospective goes forward
True
False
9
Which form is needed in order to calculate Absolute Difference
Percentage
Decimal
Whole
Fraction
10
Which cannot cross zero to be considered significant
Categorical
Continuous
11
You cannot apply a Descriptive and Inferential statistics with an Absolute Zero present
True
False
12
Practice Problem Relative Risk
0.26
0.32
0.45
0.29
13
Random effects model
appropriate when study results are homogenous or very little heterogeneity
most appropriate when study results are heterogenous
14
Observational studies aim to identify associations between exposures and outcomes (analytical)
False
True
15
High heterogeneous results are left up to the investigators and readers to decide the outcome?
False
True
16
HR use Cox proportional hazard models
True
False
17
Practice Problem Relative Risk
5
1.5
3
7
18
When do we calculate for RRR
When RR is = 1
When RR is >2
When RR is < 1
When RR < 0
19
Which falls under Categorical
Nominal
Interval
Ordinal
Ratio
20
Fixed effects model
appropriate when study results are homogenous or very little heterogeneity
most appropriate when study results are heterogenous
21
Beta is a Type 1 Error or a False positive
True
False
22
AD results can only be negative
False
True
23
Which are considered Nominal
Stages of HF
Acute
Pregnancy rating
Blood type
24
if a Hazard Ratio is provided then a Relative Risk is needed
False
True
25
What does it mean when the Relative Risk is < 1
Difference between groups
No difference between groups
Risk is decreased
Risk is increased
26
Cohorts can show incidence # of new cases in a population over time
True
False
27
Select which are considered Descriptive studies
Case reports
Cross sectional
Cohorts
Case series
28
Which ones are correctly matched
Continous aka Quantitative
Categorical aka Quantitative
Continuous aka Qualitative
Categorical aka Qualitative
29
Ratio pertains to having an absolute zero
True
False
30
Which falls under Continuous
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
Nominal
31
What does it mean when the Relative Risk is 1
Risk is decreased
Risk is increased
No difference between groups
Difference between groups
32
Select the correct answers for NNT and NNH
NNH tells us how many patients we need to help
NNH tells us how many patients to determine harm
NNT tells us how many patients are harmed
NNT tells us how many patients needing treatment
33
What does the OR < 1 mean
odds are decreased and generally underestimates the RR
odds are increased and generally overestimates RR
no difference in the odds between groups
Burn baby Burn
34
Meta-analysis is used to
identify studies to include
assess the risk of bias in included studies
35
Which I2 value is the most hetergenic
0%
45%
25%
57%
36
Practice Question (select all the answers and write down your answers)
Significant? And Categorical or Continuous
What is the NNT and NNH
What is the RRI and RRR
What is the AD and RR
37
Survival Curves are also called
Kaplan Curves
Kaplan-Meier Curves
Hass Curves
Northern Curves
38
When do we calculate for RRI
When RR < 0
When RR < -5
When RR > 1
When RR > 2
39
Interval means the data has no absolute zero
True
False
40
Primary Literature
through compilation and review of primary literature
through the creation of new data/evidence using statistical analyses
41
Odds Ratio Compares the odds or likelihood of an event in one group to the odds or likelihood of another group
False
True
42
Which falls under Ordinal
CVA
Gender
Chronic
Moderate
43
What are the 4 A's is Assessing
Ask
Acquire
Appraise
Apply
44
What does it mean when the Relative Risk is > 1
Risk is increased
Risk is decreased
Difference between groups
No difference between groups
45
You want a small Power number with large sample sizes
True
False
46
Which limitations overcome individual studies
Small sample sizes
Small scope
Inadequate study power
Low Generalizability
47
What does the OR of 1 mean
no difference in the odds between groups
odds are increased and generally overestimates RR
odds are decreased and generally underestimates the RR
Let It Burn
48
Power is the probability or likelihood that a study with detect significant differences if it exists
False
True
49
Observational and descriptive studies do have interventions
True
False
50
Tertiary Literature means
through the creation of new data/evidence using statistical analyses
through compilation and review of primary literature
