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Radiation Biology
Radiation Biology
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#Biology110 #RadiationBiology
Flashcards
46 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Somatic cell proliferation(Division)
Mitosis phase
Prophase
Interphase
Mitosis
2
Less sensitive than other blood cells, longer recovery time(6 months-1 yr, local tissue damage)
Erythocytes & Platelets
Granulocytes
Platelets
Erythrocytes
3
The theory that human cell is the 'biologic building block'
DNA theory
Cell theory
Building block theory
Human cell theory
4
Stage of acute radiation syndrome, where signs and symptoms are apparent
All the above
Prodromal Period
Manifest Illness
Latent Period
5
Formula that shows recovery is assisted through repopulation
Recovery = Intracelluar + Repopulation
R + IC = RP
Repopulation = Intacellular + Recovery
Intracellular repair = Recovery + Repopulation
6
Water dissociates into an ion pair, followed by reactions resulting in free radicals
Radiosensitizers
Radioprotectors
Hormesis
Radiolysis
7
Agents that enhance the effects of radiation
Halogenated pyrimidines
Vitamin K
Halogenated pyrimidines & Vitamin k
Oxygen Effect
8
Spermatagonia
Most radiosensitive phase of male cell maturation
Most radiosensitive phase of female cell maturation
Most radioprotective phase of female cell maturation
Most radioprotective phase of male cell maturation
9
Linear Energy Transfer (LET) are measured in units of...
KiloVoltagePeak per current
KeV/µm
Kiloelectron Volts per micrometer
Energy per units of distances
10
Basal cell layer, most radiosensitive, dose of 200 rads or more can cause skin erythma
Eye lens
Skin
Sperm
Hair
11
Younger tissues and organs are radiosensitive
False
True
12
Stem cells are___; Mature cells are___
Radioresistant , Radiosensitive
Radiosensitive, Radioresistant
13
Precursor cells, or stem cells are...
Uneffected to radiation then mature cells
More sensitive to radiation then new cells
Less sensitive to radiation then mature cells
More sensitive to radiation then mature cells
14
___ is directly proportional to LET
RBX
RBE
LET
MeV
15
Most Radiologic Damage is caused from
Indirect effects
Direct effects
16
Mitosis phase (M), includes which four sub phases
Pohphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Interphase
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
17
Radiation dose as low as 12 rads can reduce the number of spermatozoa
False, 10 rads
True, 12 rads
18
Single
-stranded macromolecule
DNA
Ribonucleic Acid
RNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
19
Minimum whole body lethal dose is ___ rads
20 rads
2,000 rads
200 rads
200 mrem
20
High dose of radiation to a localized area may lead to...
Reduction/ Shrinkage in tissues and organ sizes
Total loss of tissue or organ function
All the above
Growth of tissue and organs
21
Functions of DNA
Transfer and messenger system
Replication
All the above
controlling cellular activities
22
Acute clinical syptoms, occurs hours within exposure, approx. 100+ rad
Latent Period
Manifest Illness
Prodromal Period
All the above
23
Electromagnetic Radiation loses intensity with distance but (theoretically)never reaches zero
False
True
24
Smallest quantity of any type of electromagnetic energy
Electron
Proton
Photon
Neutron
25
Cytogenetic analysis is usually accomplished by creating a____
Chromosome map
Karyotype
Single-Hit chromosome abberations
Vitamine K
26
Tissue with
low
metabolic activity are radiosensitive
True, Low metabolic activity
False, High metabolic activity
27
Indicates a single sensitive site (target) that must be inactive for the cell to die
Multi-target & Single Hit
Single target & Single Hit
Multi-target
Single-target
28
Can control LET(Linear energy transfer) and RBE(Relative Biological Effectiveness) by adjusting
mAs
kVp
29
Radiation effects total body level occur primarily due to ____ effects
Direct
Indirect
30
When a dose is delivered at the same dose rate but in equal fractions
Fractioned
Protreacted
LET
RBE
31
Lymphocytes (first cells to become affected)
Most radiosensitive cells in the hemopoietic system
Most radioprotective phase of female cell maturation
Most radioprotective phase of male reproductive system
Most radiosensitive phase of female cell maturation
32
Radioprotectors includes molecules containing a sulfhydryl group such as
Cysteamine
Cystiene and Cysteamine
Cystiene
Cysteine & Cysteine
33
Cells start meiosis with ___ chromosomes (__ pairs)
46 chromosomes, 23 pairs
1 chromosomes, 2 pairs
4 pairs, 8 chromosomes
23 chromosomes, 46 pairs
34
Organisms are most radiosensitive in-utero (i.e developing embryo and fetus)
True
False
35
Cells of a tissue system are
identified
by their rate of ___ and their stage of development
Precursor cells
Anti-liferation
Growth
Proliferation
36
A factor in the planning of radiation therapy
Carbon Effect
K Effect
Oxygen Effect
Halogen Effect
37
Means of measuring the amount of damage caused by equal amounts of different types of radiation
Linear Energy Transfer
Relative Biological Effectiveness
RBE
LET
38
Death will occur 100% of cases within 2-6 weeks at high exposure end
False, Low exposure
True, High exposure
39
Multi-target, Single Hit
Indicates more than one sensitive site, higher survival rate
Cells are most radiosensitive suring mitosis
All the Above
Applies to complicated biologic systems such as human cells
40
Hematologic
Blood producing stem cells in bone marrow to be grown
Blood producing stem cells in bone marrow to be killed
Occurs at 100- 2000 rads
Occurs at 200-1000 rads
41
Free radicals are unstable, are highly reactive, and contain point lesions
False, Stable
True, Unstable
42
___ is the large, central structure contained by nuclear membrane and is the control center
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulumn
43
Double
stranded helix macromolecule
RNA
DNA
Ribonucleic Acid
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
44
__ are not used in human applications because toxic levels must be administered to be effective
RadioOpaque agents
Radiolucent agents
Radioprotectors agents
Radiosensitizers
45
____ are casued by the later chemical action of free radicals (radiological DNA damage)
Indirect effects
Direct effects
46
Functions of Ribonucleic Acid(RNA)
Controlling cellular activities
All the above
Replication
Transfer and messenger system for DNA
