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Released Biology EOC Review 2023-2024 Flashcards | StudBud
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Released Biology EOC Review 2023-2024
Released Biology EOC Review 2023-2024
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1
During which phase of the cell cycle does most cell growth occur?
interphase
prophase
cytokinesis
metaphase
2
What will
most likely
be result as humans move into new areas, clear cut forests and build houses?
many organisms will lose their homes because of habitat destruction
global temperatures will decrease because trees removed
rainfall in area will increase because of increased runoff
better sanitation in area will reduce pollution
3
What carries the pattern for making amino acids into a protein?
the hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases in DNA
the nitrogen base on the tRNA
the sequence of nitrogen bases on the mRNA
the nitrogen base bonding on the DNA molecule
4
Which
best
explains why the rate of chemical reactions decreases at high temperatures?
the enzyme-substrate complex forms
the activation energy increases
the bonds between substrates are broken
the shape of the enzyme changes
5
Which statement
best
describes natural selection?
organisms better adapted to environment survive and reproduce
as weather changes, organisms that find shelter need less energy to live
small organisms are more likely to survive than larger organsisms
organisms that eat only plants need less food than those that eat animals
6
Hydrangeas will produce blue or pink flowers depending on type of soil they are in. What is
most likely
the reason why?
flower-color gene is sex-linked
environmental factors affect flower color
mutation alters flower color
flower-color gene is dominant
7
During translation, what does tRNA deliver to the ribosomes?
proteins
amino acids
mRNA
DNA
8
This is a dichotomous key for selected arthropods. To which order does the caddis fly shown below belong?
Acarina
Diptera
Siphonaptera
Trichoptera
9
Salivary amylase in humans breaks down starches. What substance would humans be unable to digest without it?
proteins
carbohydrates
nucleic acids
lipids
10
Which of these cells is specialized to carry oxygen in humans?
neuron
red blood cell
muscle cell
sperm
11
This is a closed terrarium exposed to sunlight. What must happen for the carbon cycle to continue in this terrarium?
all organisms must continue to exchange gases
the plant must produce carbon dioxide at a faster rate
the snails must double their production of carbon dioxide
the decomposers must begin to produce oxygen
12
This diagram shows DNA fingerprints of a child and four adults. Which adult is
most likely
a parent of the child?
Adult 1
Adult 4
Adult 3
Adult 2
13
Which graph
best
illustrates a population growing in an environment with limited resources?
exponential growth
logistic growth
14
Which adaptation do ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms share that moss do NOT have?
vascular tissue
chloroplasts
flowers
stomata
15
What activity
most
contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer?
deforestation
overuse of fertilizers
burning fossil fuels
release of CFCs
16
What will
most likely
happen if a nonnative species is introduced into a stable ecosystem?
native species will change their diet, and the ecosystem will remain stable
native species will share food with nonnative species
native species will compete for resources with nonnative species
native species will move to another area & ecosystem will remain stable
17
Multicellular eukaryotic autotrophs belong to which kingdom?
Plantae
Animalia
Fungi
Protista
18
What is the primary function of a vacuole in a cell?
enzyme production
reproduction
storage
protein synthesis
19
What determines the function of a specialized cell?
the active genes in the cell
the number of chromosomes in a cell
the number of ribosomes in a cell
the type of RNA in the cell
20
How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions?
during differentiation, different parts of the DNA are activated
mutations in cells' nuclei lead to new combinations of DNA in each cell
as cell differentiates, DNA changes in each cell
during differentiation, proteins are made that destroy the nonactive DNA
21
Some marine worms & mollusks go through similar larval stages during development. What can be inferred about them?
they share the same food course
they share a common ancestor
they compete for habitat
they mate with each other
22
What is the basis for the
earliest
classification system of organisms?
evolutionary relationships
physical characteristics
differences in habitat
reproductive patterns
23
Which transgenic organism has been used to clean up oil spills?
bacteria
Paramecium
fungus
jellyfish
24
Identical twin girls are separated at birth and raised by 2 families. Why do they have different heights & weights?
the DNA of one twin was different from DNA of other twin
one twin had genetic condition which kept her shorter than her twin
each twin had a different diet and physical activities
proteins made by one twin were different from proteins made by other
25
Which
best
summarizes the role of DNA in the production of proteins?
DNA moves to cytoplasm to build proteins
DNA breaks hydrogen bonds between amino acids
DNA contains pattern used to make proteins
DNA transports amino acids to ribosomes to make proteins
26
What is the difference between the DNA of a dog and the DNA of a fly?
the sequence of nucleotides
the strength of the covalent bonds
the type of sugar building blocks
the strength of the hydrogen bonds
27
Freckles is dominant over no freckles. If two heterozygotes mate, what is probability their child will have freckles?
0%
75%
50%
25%
28
A chemical is added to the pond water
Paramecium
lives in and it stops moving. Which structure is
most likely
affected?
contractile vacuole
mitochondria
cilia
oral groove/gullet
29
An antibiotic used to work on a bacteria, but no longer does. What
best
explains why it no longer works?
bacteria resistant to antibiotic have killed off nonresistant bacteria
resistant bacteria have survived and reproduced at higher rates
human body has developed an immunity to antibiotics
viruses have changed the structure of the bacteria
30
In nature, which type of behavior causes animals to produce aggressive displays and sounds?
imprinting
habituation
conditioning
territoriality
31
Which statement
best
explains how sweating during exercise maintains homeostasis?
it regulates body temperature
it maintains water balance
it regulates mineral concentration in cells
it maintains sugar balance in cells
32
Why must DNA replication have to occur before a cell can divide by mitosis?
to maintain the same number of chromosomes in daughter cells
to allow crossing over to occur in each of the cells produced
to cause one of the cells produced to have double the number of chromosomes
to cause all of the cells produced to have half the number of chromosomes
33
What do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain?
linear chromosomes
membrane-bound organelles
cytoplasm
a nucleus
34
Which will
most likely
result in a negative growth rate in the human population of a country?
when country has improved sanitation conditions
when birth rate is higher than death rate
when country has improved economic conditions
when death rate is higher than birth rate
35
Why are many farmers encouraged to plant different types of crops on the same land throughout the year?
it helps preserve the quality of the soil
it provides more food for other countries
it prevents insects from destroying crops
it allows for more genetic variation in plants
36
How does the body of a runner keep up with the demand for energy when cellular oxygen levels are low?
through anaerobic respiration in the cytoplasm
through ATP produced directly by sunlight
through aerobic respiration in the mitochondria
through aerobic respiration in the plasma membrane
37
How do some chemicals increase the risk of a person getting cancer?
by causing cell mutations
by causing a decrease in the immune response
by causing vitamin D deficiency
by causing an increase in toxins in skin
38
Which effect could a mutation in mRNA have on the production of proteins?
protein produced will have coil shape
protein produced will have excess water
protein produced will be different
protein produced will have excess nitrogen
39
Which word equation
best
represents the process of cellular respiration?
carbon dioxide + glucose --> oxygen + water
glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water
carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen
oxygen + water --> carbon dioxide + glucose
40
Which substances do scientists search for in fossils to understand evolutionary relationships?
iron
DNA
oxygen
ATP
41
A section of DNA has these bases: TAG CAG TAC. What is mRNA segment produced?
AUC GUC AUG
ATC GTC ATG
AUG CUG AUC
UTC GTC UTG
42
Which would be a desirable trait scientists might want to create in a transgenic plant?
the ability to grow less fruit
the ability to use a lot of water
the ability to change color in the winter
the ability to resist insects
43
Which statement
best
explains why animals are considered heterotrophic?
they obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms or their products
they are able to produce food through photosynthesis
they are able to produce food through respiration
they obtain nutrients by decomposing plant and animal tissue
44
Plant cells are able to produce their own food. In what structure does this process happen?
vacuole
cell wall
mitochondrion
chloroplast
45
Waxes create a waterproof layer on outside of some living organisms. What type of molecule are waxes?
lipids
nucleic acids
proteins
carbohydrates
46
Some scientists think birds and dinosaurs should share more taxonomic groups. What evidence would
best
support this?
evidence showing birds shared similar nutrition with dinosaurs
evidence showing birds shared similar habitats with dinosaurs
evidence showing birds shared similar behavior with dinosaurs
evidence showing birds shared common genetic history with dinosaurs
47
Ants eating crop plants are killed by a pesticide. After a while, the insecticide no longer works. Why?
ants initially killed are genetically identical to resistant ants
ants initially killed are genetically different than resistant ants
ants initially killed had thinner cell membranes
ants that survived were younger than ants killed by insecticide
48
The contractile vacuole pumps water out of the cell so it doesn't burst. What is the source of energy for the pumping?
DNA
ATP
lipids
ribosomes
49
Which process can occur in
both
mitosis and meiosis?
independent assortment
crossing over
fertilization
gene mutation
50
A student observed
Elodea
making bubbles under a light. What would the student
most likely
conclude?
bubbles of oxygen were produced by cellular respiration
bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced by cellular respiration
bubbles of oxygen were produced by photosynthesis
bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced by photosynthesis
51
How are mitosis and meiosis similar?
both require DNA replication
both have two cell divisions
both produce gametes
both involve crossing over
52
Scientists believe that the Alaskan polar bear & the Russian brown bear evolved from a common ancestor. The cause?
artificial selection
sexual competition
geographic isolation
asexual reproduction
53
What will
most likely
occur if the population of the world continues to increase at predicted rates?
human race will rapidly become extinct
there will be a more rapid decrease of natural resources
there will be an increase in biodiversity due to improvements in technology
all human diseases will be eliminated
54
Which molecules are joined together to make proteins?
fatty acids
nucleic acids
acetic acids
amino acids
55
What is the function of a restriction enzyme?
to cut DNA at very specific nucleotide sequences
to control movement of proteins into a cell
to produce hormones that regulate digestion
to regulate blood sugar levels
56
In some ecosystems, wolves have been eliminated. How can wolf reintroduction benefit the ecosystem?
eliminate weak animals from prey population, reducing competition for food
eliminate fit animals from prey population, increasing birthrates in prey
prey population will blend in better with environment
cause prey population to migrate, resulting in more fit prey
57
Which will
most likely
cause an increase in the frequency of genetic mutations in humans?
increased exposure to rising levels of CO2 in air
increased exposure to X-rays
increased exposure to mold spores in the air
increase exposure to bacteria in drinking water
58
Colchicine disrupts cell division. Which cell process would
most likely
stop if it were added to a liver cell culture?
meiosis
mitosis
crossing over
active transport
59
What would
most likely
be produced when a cell with 8 chromosomes undergoes mitosis?
2 cells with 4 chromosomes each
4 cells with 4 chromosomes each
2 cells with 8 chromosomes each
4 cells with 8 chromosomes each
60
A red blood cell is in beaker with higher salt concentration than is in cell. What will happen to the cell?
red blood cell will remain same size
red blood cell will swell and then shrink
red blood cell will swell from absorbing salt molecules
red blood cell will shrink from losing water molecules
