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AQA English Language paper 2 all theorists Flashcards | StudBud
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AQA English Language paper 2 all theorists
Zimmerman and West
Trudgill
AQA English Language paper 2 all theorists
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1
Trudgill
Different classes use of prestige speech
Accent/dialect is influenced by level of integration in a community
Restricted (not formal) and elaborated (formal) codes
Men use more non standard forms than women
2
Zimmerman and West
Women's language is inherently lesser
Women and men interrupt the same amount
Features of 'women's language' are just features of powerless language
Men interrupt more than women to create dominance
3
Fishman
Men and women speak differently because of their socialisation
Women's language is used to create relationships
Women use less non standard forms than men
Women do the 'conversational shitwork'
4
Conversation
Alright
This test will go well!
5
Holmes
Women in the workplace use positive politeness to create relationships
Web of Discourse - membership of a discourse community that uses jargon
Men in the workplace use negative politeness to create importance
FACE theory interactions based on heirarchy
6
O'Barr and Atkins
Women use less non standard forms than men
Features of 'women's language' are just features of powerless language
Women and men interrupt the same amount
Women do the 'conversational shitwork'
7
Labov
Fixed beliefs have stopped people being sceptical
Use of direct address to create sense of comradery
Accommodation theory
Covert and overt prestige
8
Crystal
Language is either transactional or interactional
Abstract, orientation, action, resolution, coda, evaluation
Turn taking is the most basic part of conversation
FACE theory
9
Crystal
Males use more non-standard forms
Crumbling Castle
Convergence and divergence to create identity
English is made of over 120 different languages
10
Swales
Women in the workplace use positive politeness to create relationships
Manner, Quality, Quantity, Relevance
FACE theory interactions based on heirarchy
Web of Discourse - membership of a discourse community that uses jargon
11
Labov - New York department store
Restricted (not formal) and elaborated (formal) codes
Accent/dialect is influenced by level of integration in a community
Men use more non standard forms than women
Different classes use of prestige speech
12
Coates
Women do the 'conversational shitwork'
Women's language is used to create relationships
Gender differences are social constructs
Men's language is used to compete with each other
13
Jean Aitchinson
Crumbling Castle
Damp Spoon
Infectious Disease
Smelly Cheese
14
Beattie
Features of 'women's language' are just features of powerless language
Women and men interrupt the same amount
Z&W refutation
Women use less non standard forms than men
15
Cheshire - Reading study
Women do the 'conversational shitwork'
Women's language is used to create relationships
Features of 'women's language' are just features of powerless language
Women use less non standard forms than men
16
Language Change
Let's go
Okay
17
Lyiscott
All dialects are equal
Social media is making language evolve faster
Code switching gives better opportunities
Ghetto grammar
18
Kerswill
Ghetto grammar
Calls MLE 'Jafaican'
Another view here
MLE is class based and began in cities
19
Trudgill
Infectious Disease
Convergence and divergence to create identity
Males use more non-standard forms
English is made of over 120 different languages
20
Language and Power
I do remember this!
I'm not sure I remember these
This was a while ago
21
Language and Occupation
Okay
Ahhhh!
22
Lindsay Johns
MLE is class based and began in cities
Ghetto grammar
Another view here
Calls MLE 'Jafaican'
23
Eckert - jocks vs burnouts study
Estuary English
Accent/dialect is influenced by level of integration in a community
Different classes use of prestige speech
Language constructs identity
24
Honey
SE is better because it can be used to convey abstract concepts
SE reduces inequalities in language use
Social media is making language evolve faster
Language shapes thought
25
Michael Rosen
Social media is making language evolve faster
Young people are the innovators of language
All dialects are equal
Code switching can be used to use appropriate dialects
26
David Starkey
MLE is class based and began in cities
Another view here
Calls MLE 'Jafaican'
Ghetto grammar
27
Cameron
Men and women speak differently because of their socialisation
Gender differences are social constructs
The issues are caused by miscommunication
Gender is a performance and gendered language is part of that
28
Brown and Levingson
Web of Discourse - membership of a discourse community that uses jargon
FACE theory interactions based on heirarchy
Manner, Quality, Quantity, Relevance
Women in the workplace use positive politeness to create relationships
29
Tagliamonte
Young people are the innovators of language
Ghetto grammar
Code switching can be used to use appropriate dialects
Social media is making language evolve faster
30
Tannen
The issues are caused by miscommunication
Men's language is used to compete with each other
Gender differences are social constructs
Men and women speak differently because of their socialisation
31
Crystal
Language shapes thought
All dialects are equal
Social media is making language evolve faster
SE is better because it can be used to convey abstract concepts
32
Fairclough
Accommodation theory
Fixed beliefs have stopped people being sceptical
Covert and overt prestige
Use of direct address to create sense of comradery
33
Grice's Maxims
Women in the workplace use positive politeness to create relationships
FACE theory interactions based on heirarchy
Manner, Quality, Quantity, Relevance
Web of Discourse - membership of a discourse community that uses jargon
34
Sapir-Whorf theory
Social media is making language evolve faster
All dialects are equal
SE is better because it can be used to convey abstract concepts
Language shapes thought
35
Milroy - Belfast study
Restricted (not formal) and elaborated (formal) codes
Different classes use of prestige speech
Accent/dialect is influenced by level of integration in a community
Another possible answer
36
Standard English
We know these theorists
This should be an easier section
37
Bernstein
Accent/dialect is influenced by level of integration in a community
Restricted (not formal) and elaborated (formal) codes
Something else
Different classes use of prestige speech
38
Labov's narrative framework
FACE theory
Abstract, orientation, action, resolution, coda, evaluation
Turn taking is the most basic part of conversation
Positive and negative politeness strategies
39
Giles
Fixed beliefs have stopped people being sceptical
Covert and overt prestige
Use of direct address to create sense of comradery
Accommodation theory
40
Jesperson
Women's language is inherently lesser
Features of 'women's language' are just features of powerless language
Men interrupt more than women to create dominance
Women and men interrupt the same amount
41
MLE
Okay
Let's go
42
Brown and Levinson
Positive and negative politeness strategies
Abstract, orientation, action, resolution, coda, evaluation
Turn taking is the most basic part of conversation
FACE theory
43
Accent and Dialect
Okay
I'm going to die aaaaah!
44
Language and Gender
This one we know
Last section
45
Labov & Martha's Vineyard
English is made of over 120 different languages
Convergence and divergence to create identity
Males use more non-standard forms
Damp Spoon
46
Rosewarne
Estuary English
Different classes use of prestige speech
Language constructs identity
Accent/dialect is influenced by level of integration in a community
47
Poeppel
Accommodation theory
Fixed beliefs have stopped people being sceptical
Use of direct address to create sense of comradery
Covert and overt prestige
48
Kachru (1992)
Global English is a myth
Another possible answer
Native English speakers should have no control over varieties of English
3 circles of English model
49
Widdowson (2002)
3 circles of English model
Native English speakers should have no control over varieties of English
Global Englishes aren't English any more
Something else
50
Brown and Yule
FACE theory
Abstract, orientation, action, resolution, coda, evaluation
Turn taking is the most basic part of conversation
Language is either transactional or interactional
51
Global English
Lets go
Okay
52
Butler
Gender differences are social constructs
Gender is a performance and gendered language is part of that
Women do the 'conversational shitwork'
The issues are caused by miscommunication
53
Lindsay Johns
Code switching can be used to use appropriate dialects
Young people are the innovators of language
Ghetto grammar
All dialects are equal
54
Sutherland
SE reduces inequalities in language use
Language shapes thought
All dialects are equal
Social media is making language evolve faster
