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Final Exam Review BHP
Final Exam Review BHP
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Review of #BigHistory concepts for Q1 -3 #BHP
Flashcards
57 cards
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Questions
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1
The process of accretion involves…
sorting of different types of matter into planetary layers
movement of sections of earth’s crust over molten material
Particles of dust and ice combining to from lumps of matter
matter collapsing & reaching a temp. of 10 million degrees
2
According to the standard model of Big Bang cosmology, how many years old is the Universe?
1.37 x 108
1.37 x 1010
1.37 x 109
1.37 x 1011
3
Why do the planets in our solar system have a layered internal structure?
The Sun exerts a gravitational force on the planets
Cosmic dust settled in layers on the planets’ surfaces
All planets cooled rapidly after they formed
Each planet is composed of materials of different densities
4
What is parallax?
method to measure something far away by viewing from 2angles
To become less tense or anxious
a graphic disturbance
2 lines that have the same distance between them
5
Before the telescope, what did astronomers use to try to determine astronomical distances?
Parallax
Spectrascopes
Sextants
Copernicopias
6
When you decide to believe a claim based on information you can observe & verify, you are using
Authority
Intuition
Logic
Evidence
7
Arriving at a conclusion based upon the credibility of a source is an example of using
intuition
authority
Logic
Evidence
8
What protects the Earth from the Sun’s high-energy light and subatomic particles?
Earth’s atmosphere
Neither
Earth’s magnetic field
Both
9
..is throughout the Universe. Scientists
can
view its interaction with gravity but
not
with light
Dark Space
Dark Shadow
Dark Energy
Dark Matter
10
Supernovae can produce new chemical elements up to ___________ on the periodic table
Uranium
Stalagmite
Kryptonite
Helium
11
The theory that the universe is expanding is supported by the…
Radioactive decay occurring in the Sun
Nuclear fusion occurring in the Sun
Blue shift of light from distant galaxies
Red shift of light from distant galaxies
12
___ is a method of expressing very large and very small numbers
Multiplication
Supernumerativity
Spectrocsopy
Scientific Notation
13
Which of the following is NOT a part of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?
Change in an individual's genetic material R usually harmful
Individuals in a population vary in many ways
More offspring are produced than can generally survive
14
___refers to the degrees of magnification or perspective used to measure time, space, and size
Goldilocks Conditions
threshold
Complexity
Scale
15
When scholars make conjectures, they are:
making a thoughtful guess or hypothesis
posing a theory supported by evidence.
gathering and analyzing information.
asking questions to guide their research
16
What type of reaction is happening in the core of a star?
Nuclear fission
Nuclear accretion
Nuclear fusion
Nuclear salation
17
All origin stories are based on real people and events.
True
False
18
What is luminosity?
A very, very bright star
A telescope that looks at stars
A green star
how much energy a star is actually giving off
19
What are the ingredients and Goldilocks Conditions for Threshold 1: The Big Bang?
Stars + gravity
New chemical elements + gravity and accretion
We don’t know + we don’t know
Time and space + energy and matter
20
When ingredients under the right Conditions are transformed to create something more complex
claim testers
thresholds of increasing complexity
A. Porridge clarifiers
A. collective learning
21
___________________ is the study of past events.
History
Astronomy
Cosmology
Biology
22
According to David Christian, “complex” things in the universe
R defined by emrgent properties & precise arangment of parts
Have very few bits & pieces, with little variety among them
Require less work /energy to construct than simple things do
Are more widespread than simple things in the universe
23
What information best helps scientists to determine evolutionary relationships among organisms?
Anatomical features
Habitat types
Reproductive strategies
DNA sequences
24
What is the solar wind?
The light that reaches Earth from the Sun.
It is the force that pushes the clouds across the sky.
a stream of subatomic particles moving away from the Sun
The flow of charged particles from the Milky Way
25
For which of the following Big History topics would an astrophysicist serve as an authority?
Fossil records
Origin stories of different cultures
How life on Earth has diversified
Theories on the formation of the Universe
26
Which is a strategy used to decide whether a story or concept should or shouldn't be “trusted”?
guessing
making claims
creating an origin story
claim testing
27
Why did most origin stories begin as oral tradition?
All origin stories were written.
All origin stories were traditionally sung
Most were created before the invention of writing
Origin stories did not begin as oral tradition.
28
An origin story is:
an attempt to explain the beginning of humans & the Universe
A. a scientific explanation for how atoms formed.
A. a theory as to why the Universe is expanding.
the use of spoken language to pass down a people’s history.
29
How are high and low mass stars different when looking at their life after the main sequence?
High mass stars become white dwarves more quickly
Low mass stars undergo a less violent supernova explosion
Only high mass stars lose a % of their mass as they burn
Low mass stars are likely to live millions of years longer
30
What type of reaction is happening in the core of a star?
Nuclear fission
Nuclear accretion
Nuclear salation
Nuclear fusion
31
A spectrum is the result of dividing light into individual colors or wavelengths
NOOOOO it ain't!
Awwwww YEAH!
32
Stars begin their life cycle in…
A supernova
A nebula
A nova
A black hole
33
_______________________ is the fundamental force of attraction between bodies of mass.
Electromagnetism
Magnetism
Gravity
The atom
34
What does the Hubble telescope do?
collects photographs of stars in distant galaxies to help
is aimed at our Moon and documents meteoroid impacts.
studies Earth and its climate.
studies our Solar System.
35
The picture shows a rock formation w/ folded layers. Which best explains how the layers folded?
The rock was deformed by a meteorite impact
It was slowly compressed due to tectonic plate movement
The rock melted and flowed downhill
The rock was suddenly pulled apart during an earthquake
36
The theory that the Universe is expanding is supported by the _______________________
nuclear fusion occurring in the Sun
redshift of light from distant galaxies
radioactive decay occurring in the Sun
blueshift of light from distant galaxies
37
Supernovae play an important role in the BHP narrative of increasing complexity because they…
Run out of hydrogen so slowly
Are hot enough to forge elements heavier than iron
Are the only stars to form carbon and oxygen
Eventually become dwarf stars
38
The fusion of hydrogen to helium is a reaction that commonly occurs in…
The ionosphere and thermosphere
The Sun and other typical stars
A comet’s tail of ionized gases
Earth’s outer core of molten iron
39
source material for BH draws from many ___, such as biology, chemistry, physics, & archaeology.
sciences
disciplines
claim testers
maladies
40
Dmitri Mendeleev was mainly known for coming up with
the periodic table of elements
nuclear fusion
the Big Bang theory
star theory
41
Why is the formation of stars an important threshold in Big History?
Stars created cosmic microwave background radiation.
Stars rid the Universe of dark matter.
Stars exploded in the Big Bang.
Stars create the “hot spots” needed for more complexity.
42
The two most abundant elements in the Solar System are…
Helium and iron
Hydrogen and helium
Calcium and iron
Hydrogen and calcium
43
Why is the 1769 transit of Venus so important to our current understanding of the Universe?
It helped us calculate Earth’s distance to the Sun.
it caused a full eclipse of the Sun.
A. The transit was the first time Venus was identified.
It helped us figure out the size of Venus compared to theSun
44
Which of these statements best describes how the planets of the solar system formed?
They formed from a nebular cloud of dust and gas
The Sun captured them from smaller, older nearby stars
They're condensed rings of mater thrown off by the young Sun
They'e the remains of an exploded star once paired w/the Sun
45
What is a property of all galaxies?
All galaxies are the same size
All galaxies contain a large number of stars
All galaxies rotate around a central star
All galaxies have a spiral shape
46
How much longer will the Sun continue to burn its fuel?
another 1 million years
another 500 million years
A. another 5 billion years
another 1000 years
47
Which of these statements about the Scientific Revolution in Europe is accurate?
Scientists questioned traditional beliefs about the universe
The Bible was used to justify new scientific findings
New ideas supported the geocentric theory of Ptolemy
The existence of natural laws was rejected
48
One characteristic of all living things is that they…
Develop organ systems
Produce identical offspring
Maintain internal stability
Synthesize only inorganic matter
49
In Big History, “thresholds " refer to…
the tools used to measure time, space and size
"just right" conditions which bring about mor complex things
Times when large number of species died off abruptly
When something entirely new & more complex develops
50
What is the primary way we classify stars?
Stars are arranged by size.
Stars are arranged by temperature.
Stars are arranged by their degree of color.
Stars are arranged by distance from Earth.
51
Low mass stars can produce chemical elements up to ___________ on the periodic table.
Oxygen
Uranium
Delphinium
Geranium
52
Which scientist provided Hubble with evidence to figure out if some stars were moving away?
Henrietta Leavitt
Nicolas Copernicus
Ptolemy
Isaac Newton
53
According to the standard model of Big Bang cosmology, the Universe is approximately how old?
3.76 billion years
550 million years
13.8 billion years
4.54 billion years
54
How far is the Earth from the Sun?
150 million kilometers
1 million kilometers
15 million kilometers
15 billion kilometers
55
Which statement can be inferred from the evolutionary tree?
Species 1 is most closely related to Species 8
Species 3 is most closely related to Species 7
Species 2 is most closely related to Species 3
Species 5 is most closely related to Species 6
56
What distance is the astronomical unit based upon?
The distance of the Moon from the Earth.
The diameter of the Earth.
The diameter of our Solar System.
The distance of the Sun from the Earth.
57
What is the matching scientific notation for 100, or one hundred?
10-1
1010
10-2
102
