As Low As Reasonably Achievable

What pieces of information must appear on the radiograph for labeling purposes?

C name/info, P name/info, Clinic/hospital name & location, L & R markers

cooling mechanism, stress/excitement, pain

Why do we shave patients in preparation for ultrasounds?

Ultrasound cannot see through dirt, hair, and air

What are 2 signs of anal gland impaction?

Scooting or licking of anal area

Auscultation is used to assess the ___ system

Cardiovascular and sometimes respiratory system

What is the cranial border landmark for an abdominal radiograph?

3 fingers cranial to the xiphoid process

Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine

what are the lateral or VD thorax collimation light landmarks?

Cranial landmark: thoracic inlet ; Caudal landmark: head of 13th rib

what does a lavage remove from the wound?

obvious foreign bodies and gross contamination

Clinical signs of an ear infection include:

Redness/swelling, head tilt, discharge

What common procedures are done with a rigid endoscope?

Rhinoscopy, cystoscopy, vaginoscopy, laparoscopy

Exposure to ionizing radiation such as radiographs can cause what?

Caner, cell death, hormonal issues, reproductive issues

What are the precautions you must take when dealing with a patient treated with radioactive iodine?

radiation is in the sweat, dander, hair, saliva etc, you must wear full PPE

When giving a SQ injection, what must you do immediately before injecting the drug?

aspirate back on the plunger to ensure you're not IV

What can be used to reduce the number of people involved in taking radiographs?

both chemical restraint and positioning devices

How often should temperatures be taken on patients?

Each time the patient presents to the hospital

What do ultrasonic transducers produce?

low-intensity, high frequency sound waves

Where should an x-ray film badge/dosimeter badge be worn?

On the outside of the lead gown

What do you do if the quick is accidentally cut during a nail trim?

Use a cauterizing agent like kwik stop (styptic powder)

What equipment might you need to get ready before you take an x-ray?

x-ray machine, positioning equipment, positioning aids

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VAT150 Radiology Final Review

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Questions 121

Answers

1
Your patient having clumps of mud and wet fur can cause what on your radiograph?
Increased radiographic density
Higher resolution
Better tissue differentiation
Artifacts
2
Which of the following is a chronic wound?
Lick Granuloma
Surgical incision
Bite wound
Gunshot wound
3
When placing a R or L marker, you place the marker corresponding to the side facing up
True
False
4
Weight is part of the signalment when taking a history
True
False
5
Auscultation is used to assess the ____ system
Digestive
Respiratory
Musculoskeletal
Cardiovascular
6
ALARA stands for:
As Less As Reasonably Acceptable
As Low As Responsibly Allowed
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
Always Limit Area Radiation Access
7
Each of the following is a shield for individuals who are performing radiographs EXCEPT:
Dosimeter badge
Lead apron
Lead gloves
Thyroid Shield
8
What pieces of information must appear on the radiograph for labeling purposes?
The patient's medical history
C name/info, P name/info, Clinic/hospital name & location, L & R markers
The date and time of birth
The radiograph's exposure settings
9
What is the instrument used to examine ears?
opthalmascope
otoscope
thermometer
stethoscope
10
Why do dogs pant?
To show happiness
Because they are bored
cooling mechanism, stress/excitement, pain
To increase their appetite
11
Why do we shave patients in preparation for ultrasounds?
To sterilize the area and reduce the risk of infection
Ultrasound cannot see through dirt, hair, and air
To ensure the patient’s comfort by removing unwanted body hair
To make the skin more sensitive to the ultrasound waves
12
All of the following equipment can be used to achieve hands-free radiographs EXCEPT:
Tape
Foam wedges and V troughs
Sandbags
Lead gloves
13
Placing your hand in the primary beam when wearing lead gloves is safe.
False
True
14
What could yellow mucous membranes indicate?
kidney problems
pancreas problems
liver problems
heart problems
15
A normal respiratory rate range for cats is __________ bpm.
30-40
5-10
8-30
20-30
16
What is the most common type of nuclear medicine done on cats?
scintography
electrocardiogram
Endoscopy with radioactive markers
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
17
What are 2 signs of anal gland impaction?
Frequent urination
Limping or favoring one leg
Excessive barking or meowing
Scooting or licking of anal area
18
Auscultation is used to assess the ___ system
Muscular system
Cardiovascular and sometimes respiratory system
Nervous system
Lymphatic system
19
What is the cranial border landmark for an abdominal radiograph?
The shoulder joint
3 fingers cranial to the xiphoid process
The sternum
The clavicle
20
Bronchoscopy would be using an endoscope to examine which area of the body?
Colon
Trachea and lungs
Eyes
Kidneys
21
You should always administer ___________ before __________ ophthalmic medications.
liquid, ointment
ointment, liquid
ointment, oral
liquid, paste
22
The assessment of mucous membrane color, CRT, pulse strength and quality are evaluators of:
Kidney function
Perfusion
Liver function
Blood pressure
23
you should always obtain your ___ prior to cleaning the ears
cleaning agent
sample
vitals
medication
24
Lavage should be done with a __ cc syringe and ___ gauge needle to create a pressure of 7 psi
1, 18
12, 18
10, 22
5, 22
25
What is DICOM?
Dynamic Imaging Computer Output Machine
Digital Imaging Camera Operating Mechanism
Direct Interactive Communication for Online Medicine
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
26
what are the lateral or VD thorax collimation light landmarks?
Cranial landmark: scapula ; Caudal landmark: trochanter of femur
Cranial landmark: trachea ; Caudal landmark: head of 13th rib
Cranial landmark: thoracic inlet ; Caudal landmark: head of 13th rib
Cranial landmark: thoracic inlet ; Caudal landmark: trochanter of the femur
27
what does a lavage remove from the wound?
your taste in music
all the bad decisions you've made
obvious foreign bodies and gross contamination
your ex's contact info
28
Which is an example of a "leading question" when taking a history?
How has Fluffy been since her last appointment?
Have there been any changes in Fluffy's urination habits?
How is Fluffy eating?
Is Fluffy eating more?
29
Clinical signs of an ear infection include:
Rapid breathing and panting
Coughing and sneezing
Redness/swelling, head tilt, discharge
Limping and favoring a leg
30
During a PE of a dog, you note it is excitable and startled by noises in the examination room. You have observed his:
Movement
mentation
temperament
Gait
31
What common procedures are done with a rigid endoscope?
gastrointestinal, cystoscopy, rhinoscopy
Rhinoscopy, cystoscopy, vaginoscopy, laparoscopy
rhinoscopy, cystoscopy, colonoscopy
gastrointestinal, bronchoscopy, cystoscopy
32
What does an anechoic structure look like on ultrasound?
Light gray
Dark gray
Bright white
Black
33
A right lateral radiograph is taken with the animal's right side facing up.
True
False
34
Exposure to ionizing radiation such as radiographs can cause what?
Improved bone density
Increased muscle strength
Caner, cell death, hormonal issues, reproductive issues
Increased hair growth
35
What are the precautions you must take when dealing with a patient treated with radioactive iodine?
patient can travel freely in public transportation without any precautions
You can handle the patient without any special protection.
can dispose of all medical waste in regular trash without special handling.
radiation is in the sweat, dander, hair, saliva etc, you must wear full PPE
36
When giving a SQ injection, what must you do immediately before injecting the drug?
aspirate back on the plunger to ensure you're not IV
draw air into the syringe and inject it into the tissue before the drug.
inject a large amount of the drug to ensure rapid absorption.
inject the drug into the vein first to ensure proper circulation.
37
The normal heart rate of a cat is ___ bpm
130-210
60-100
110-200
80-100
38
What can be used to reduce the number of people involved in taking radiographs?
Relying solely on manual positioning
Decreasing the radiation exposure
Using larger x-ray equipment
both chemical restraint and positioning devices
39
Vital signs:
Should be taken only if the animal looks sick
Reflect what is allways "normal" for that animal
Should not be valued highly in a physical examination
Reflect overall patient status
40
How often should temperatures be taken on patients?
Each time the patient presents to the hospital
Before a blood draw
Only during surgery
Only when a patient shows signs of illness
41
If a dog's heart beats 10 times in 15 seconds, what is the heart rate?
100
60
40
80
42
What do ultrasonic transducers produce?
low-intensity, high frequency sound waves
high-intensity, low frequency sound waves
sound waves in the audible range
electromagnetic waves
43
What is the name of the vessel where we commonly obtain a pulse rate?
Pulmonary artery
Femoral artery
Jugular vein
Subclavian artery
44
Where should an x-ray film badge/dosimeter badge be worn?
On the outside of the lead gown
On the wrist
On the inside of the lead gown
Around the neck as a necklace
45
What do you do if the quick is accidentally cut during a nail trim?
Use a cauterizing agent like kwik stop (styptic powder)
Apply ice to the area
Soak the paw in warm water
Apply antiseptic cream
46
When measuring a patient with the calipers you should measure the ______ part of area being imaged:
Thinnest, Smallest, Narrowest
Distal
Thickest, Largest, Widest
Proximal
47
A normal heart rate for a large dog is____.
60-80 bpm
80-100
100-120
40-50
48
Ventral Dorsal view has the patient positioned on their abdomen with the x-ray beam hitting the back first.
True
False
49
Which lymph nodes are you most likely to feel on physical examination?
Popliteal
Parotid
Submandibular
Axillary
50
What equipment might you need to get ready before you take an x-ray?
x-ray machine, positioning equipment, positioning aids
stethoscope, positioning aids
room lighting, positioning epuipment, x-ray machine
PPE, lighting
51
Sedation can be used as an aid when taking radiographs
True
False
52
Which of these should you perform last when getting a TPR
weight
heartrate
temperature
Respiratory rate
53
An ultrasound produces __ to create images
Gamma rays
X-rays
Sound waves
Microwaves
54
List the PPE required if you are in the room restraining for x-rays.
Gloves and face mask only
Safety glasses and a face shield only
Lead apron, lead thyroid shield, lead gloves, dosimeter badge
No PPE is required
55
Explain how to position a cat for a DV radiograph.
place the cat in sternal recumbency with its back facing the X-ray source
place the cat in dorsal recumbency with its stomach facing the X-ray source
place the cat in lateral recumbency with its left facing the X-ray source
56
A normal heart rate range for a large dog is ___
60-100 bpm
100-120 bpm
40-80 bpm
30-40 bpm
57
How many views should be taken for each anatomical region being radiographed?
2
3
1
4
58
What is the order to obtain a TPR?
Temperature, Pulse, Respiration
Pulse, Respiration, Temperature
Respiration, Pulse, Temperature
Pulse, Temperature, Respiration
59
Which of the following is a primary technique used during physical examination?
All listed techniques
Auscultation
Observation
Percussion
60
What common procedures are done with a flexible endoscope?
rhinoscopy, cystoscopy, colonoscopy
laparoscopy, cystoscopy, rhinoscopy, vaginoscopy
Rhinoscopy, cystoscopy, vaginoscopy, laparoscopy
gastrointestinal, colonoscopy, bronchoscopy, cystoscopy
61
What does a capillary refill time of more than 2 seconds indicate?
indicates increased blood perfusion to the area
indicates reduced blood perfusion to the area
indicates normal body temperature regulation
indicates high blood pressure
62
Radiopaque contrast appears what color on radiographs?
Black
Dark gray
Light gray
White
63
Panting alters the oxygen levels in the blood.
True
False
64
Give an example of a leading question:
What dog food does your pet eat?
You have been giving your pet the correct flea medication, right?
So, you've noticed your dog has been vomiting more frequently, have you?
All of the above
65
During initial wound treatment, the wound should be protected while clipping the hair around it by:
pouring alcohol directly on the wound
applying sterile lube into the wound
placing adhesive bandages directly over the wound
applying ointment over the wound
66
Ophthalmoscopes are used to:
examine temperature
examine the ears
examine the eyes
examine the lungs
67
What does a hypoechoic structure look like on ultrasound?
Black
Light gray
Dark gray
Bright white
68
A slower than normal heart rate is termed:
Bradycardia
Tachycardia
Fibrillation
Arrhythmia
69
what is the role for the secondary layer of bandaging?
provides support and moves exudate or transudate away from the wound
To stop the body from healing
holds underlying bandages in place
sterile layer in contact with the wound to allow fluids to pass through
70
A skin turgor test can indicate:
Muscle strength
Oxygen saturation
Hydration status
Blood pressure levels
71
How long should a penrose drain be left in?
5-7 days
7-9 days
2-3 days
4-5 days
72
Distortion foreshortening occurs when:
The x-ray film is too far from the patient
the object being radiographed is not parallel to the plate/film
The x-ray machine is not calibrated properly
the object being radiographed is parallel to the plate/film
73
When obtaining a heart rate on a cat or dog, the heart is easiest to hear on the left side of the chest.
True
False
74
When cleaning infected ears, it is best to clean the most infected ear first.
True
False
75
What is radiographic density?
The amount of radiation used during exposure
the degree of whteness on a radiograph
the degree of blackness on a radiograph
The resolution of the image
76
How long should a peripheral IV catheter remain in place? (Provided it doesn't get soiled or wet)
4 days
2 days
5 days
3 days
77
Which route of administration of medication is also know as parenterally?
Nasal
Injectable
Oral
Topical
78
A patient's signalment includes:
Age, Sex, Species and Breed
Age, Vaccine status, and species
Current medications, Vaccine status, Sex, and Breed
Sex, Species, and Current Medications
79
What is the name of the equipment used to inspect the eyes?
Ophthalmoscope
Otoscope
Stethoscope
Thermometer
80
What does a white mucous membrane color indicate?
Dehydration
Increased hydration
Hyperthermia
Anemia, shock, hypothermia
81
How do you position a patient for a VD frogleg pelvis?
animal is on the side w/ down leg pulled cranial and up let pulled caudal
animal is on its back with rear legs in a relaxed position
animal is on their side with both legs pulled back
animal is on their back with rear legs pulled straight back
82
when instilling multiple ophthalmic medications you should wait several __ between administrations
seconds
minutes
days
hours
83
When auscultating the lungs, the patient should be in which of the following positions?
Sternal recumbancy
In any position
Left lateral recumbency
Right lateral recumbency
84
Dorsal Ventral view has the patient positioned on their abdomen with the x-ray beam hitting the back first.
False
True
85
AP (anterioposterior) view of the elbow has the patient positioned on their _________________ with the limbs extended.
Back
Right side
Abdomen
Left side
86
a ___ tube is placed through the nasal cavity to deliver nutrition
nasotracheal
nasogastrial
nasoesophageal
nasoduodenal
87
What do you do if you take an x-ray and it is too dark?
Turn down the KVP
Increase the exposure time
Turn up the KVP
Increase the film speed
88
What is the normal body temperature range for a canine?
100-102
96-98
99.5-102.5
102-104
89
what is the role for the tertiary layer of bandaging?
holds underlying bandaging in place
provides support and moves exudate or transudate away from the wound
sterile layer in contact with the wound to allow fluids to pass through
to keep the wound warm and cozy
90
When evaluating the ears of a patient, one would note which of the following?
Pupillary light reflex
Abnormal gait
Abnormal sounds
Tenderness
91
A patient's foot became swollen after an IV catheter was placed. Whats the name of the condition, and why does it occur?
Fat paw. The catheter was wrapped too tightly
Large paw. IV catheter was dislodged or punctured through the vein
Infiltration. IV catheter was dislodged or punctured through the vein
Big paw. The catheter was wrapped too tightly
92
Collimation of the x-ray beam:
Reduces scatter radiation and unnecessary exposure to the x-ray beam
Should be done to expose as small an area as possible
Turns the beam at a 90 degree angle to x-ray patients that are standing
Should be done to expose as large an area as possible
93
CRT is the abbreviation for what?
Cognitive Response Time
Cardiac Response Time
Capillary Refill Time
Clinical Recovery Time
94
Placing items such as _______ into the MRI area could potentially damage the machine and injure the patient.
All of the above
Hair pins
IV pole
Cell phone
95
what are the collimation light landmarks for a VD pelvis?
Cranial: 13th rib Caudal: trochanter of femur
Cranial: include duodenum Caudal: include stifle and 2'' of tibia
Cranial: thoracic inlet Caudal: trochanter of femur
Cranial: include ilium Caudal: include stifle and 2'' of tibia
96
Noticing a dog that is excitable and startled by noises in the examination room is a sign of what?
Its body condition
Its state of nutrition
its temperament
Its mentation
97
The methods for achieving ALARA include:
Using outdated, less effective equipment
Decrease time, Increase Distance, and Shielding
Using longer exposure times
Exposing more patients to radiation
98
What does the cathode do?
Produces positively charged ions
Absorbs the x-rays
Regulates the x-ray machine's temperature
Heats up and produces negatively charged ions
99
A normal respiratory rate range for dogs is ___ bpm
60-100
5-10
10-40
50-60
100
What does a hyperechoic structure look like on ultrasound?
Dark gray
Black
Light gray
Bright white
101
__ injection has the slowest rate of absorption
SQ
IM
IV
ID
102
What do MRI machines use to image patients?
strong magnetic field
microwaves
radioactive particles
electric currents
103
What is the medical term for the color of blue mucous membranes?
Cyanotic
Cyanosis
Jaundice
Hyperemia
104
Persons under 18 can assist with radiographs as long as they wear a lead apron, lead gloves, thyroid shield, & PPE
False
True
105
What does the anode do?
Regulates the x-ray machine's temperature
Produces positively charged ions
Produces negatively charged ions
Absorbs the x-rays
106
__ injection has the quickest rate of absorption
IV
SQ
ID
IM
107
Which is not part of the signalment when taking a history?
reproductive status
age
weight
breed
108
A potential complication of IV catheterization is venous inflammation. What is this also known as?
Dermatitis
Arteritis
Phlebitis
Myositis
109
How do you position a patient for a lateral pelvis x-ray?
pulled straight back
pressed to pelvis
frogleg
Down leg is pulled cranial, top leg is pulled caudal
110
We take abdominal radiographs on inspiration.
False
True
111
An x-ray badge protects you from being exposed to radiation.
False
True
112
You may only have seconds to expose a view of your patient, so you need to make sure you have positioning devices ready
True
False
113
How often should recumbent patients be rotated to their other side?
Every hour
Every 2-4 hours
Every 4-6 hours
Every 2 hours
114
A Computed Tomography (CT) machine produces __ to create immages
Rotating x-ray beam
Electromagnetic radiation
Infrared radiation
Radioactive waves
115
What is second intention healing?
a wound unclosed and left to scar itself
surgically closing a wound
putting pressure on a wound to stop the bleeding
a "quick fix" for wounds
116
what is the role for primary layer of bandaging?
provides support
To keep the wound warm and cozy
holds underlying bandages in place
sterile layer in contact with the wound to allow fluids to pass through
117
How long is considered a prolonged CRT?
More than 2 seconds
less than 4 seconds
less than 2 seconds
more than 4 seconds
118
the site for IM injections along the dorsal aspect of the patient is what?
dorsal gluteal
triceps
epaxial
ventrogluteal
119
X-ray film is very sensitive to:
Room light
Developing
None of the following
Handling
120
What is it important to remember before hooking up your IV line
Check that the IV fluid is at the correct temperature for the patient.
Flush the line
Ensure the IV line is plugged into a power source.
Make sure to inject medication directly into the IV line before fluid drip.
121
what are the lateral or VD abdomen collimation light landmarks?
Cranial: thorax ; Caudal landmark: 13th rib
Cranial landmark: shoulder joint ; Caudal landmark: 13th rib
Cranial landmark: thorax ; Caudal landmark: trochanter of femur
Cranial landmark: head ; Caudal landmark: knee

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