Which of the following correctly matches a cost and benefit of animal welfare?

Cost: expensive. Benefit: better quality product.

Why are systemic pesticides preferred?

They only affect the pests eating the plant

Which of the following matches a field trial factor and the reason for taking it into account?

Number of replicates - Account for variability of sample

What is a monoculture?

All crops are genetically identical

Which of the following are all cultural crop protection methods?

Ploughing, weeding and crop rotation

Fusion of two gametes from unrelated individuals

Why are systemic fungicides preferred?

They are absorbed into the plant and are not washed away by rain

What is a problem with biological controls?

May become and invasive species

What is inbreeding depression?

Increase in individual homozygous for deleterious alleles

Fusion of two gametes from close relatives

Which option correctly matches the features with the type of weeds?

Annual: many seeds. Perennial: long life.

Why are invertebrate pests a problem?

Vector for disease and reduce photosynthesis

Why is inbreeding depression less common in self-pollinating plants?

Deleterious alleles are eliminated by natural selection

Why are plant diseases a problem?

Shorten shelf life and reduce yield

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Plant and Animal Breeding

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Quiz designed to assess learning of Scottish Curriculum CfE higher Biology, Unit 3, part 2, key area 2: Plant and Animal Breeding.

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Questions 38

Answers

1
Which of the following correctly matches a cost and benefit of animal welfare?
Cost: expensive. Benefit: better quality product.
Cost: lower sale value. Benefit: better quality product.
Cost: lower sale value. Benefit: uses less land.
Cost: expensive. Benefit: uses less land.
2
Why are systemic pesticides preferred?
They are most effective after infestation occurs
They only affect the pests eating the plant
All of the above
They only affect the crop plants
3
Why is outbreeding used?
Introduce new alleles
Increase ability to adapt to changing conditions
Production of hybrid vigour
All of the above
4
Which of the following matches a field trial factor and the reason for taking it into account?
Randomisation of treatments - Increase Reliability
Number of replicates - Account for variability of sample
Randomisation of treatments - Maintain Validity
Selection of treatments - Minimise Bias
5
What is a monoculture?
All of the above
All crops are of uniform height
All crops are genetically identical
All crops are in the same field
6
Which of the following are all cultural crop protection methods?
Ploughing, weeding and crop rotation
Ploughing, fertilising and crop rotation
Pesticides, weeding and crop rotation
Ploughing, weeding and biological controls
7
A bull that constantly stamps and lowers its head shows what stress indicator?
Stereotypy
Failure in sexual or parental behaviour
Altered activity levels
Misdirected behaviour
8
Why are pesticides problematic?
Toxicity to non pest species
All of the above
Build up of resistance in pest populations
Bioaccumulation in food chains
9
Which of the following is NOT one of the five freedoms of animal welfare?
Freedom from fear and distress
Freedom from discomfort
Freedom from hunger and thirst
Freedom from predation
10
Which of the following is a NOT a characteristic breeders may wish to develop?
Resistance to pests
High milk yield
Few offspring per season
Additional nutritional value
11
What is outbreeding?
Fusion of two gametes from unrelated individuals
Fusion of two gametes from close relatives
Increase in frequency of heterozygotes
Reduction of deleterious alleles
12
Why are F1 hybrids not usually bred together?
Increased variation in F2
Decreased variation in F2
Production of deleterious alleles
Reduction in deleterious alleles
13
What threatens a monoculture?
Weeds
All of the above
Pests
Fungi
14
What do weeds compete with a monoculture for?
All of the above
Food and water
Space and nutrients
Nutrients and air
15
Why are systemic fungicides preferred?
They are most effective after infection occurs
All of the above
They only affect the crop plants
They are absorbed into the plant and are not washed away by rain
16
How are organisms that possess desirable genes identified?
Marketing surveys
Observation in the field
Genomic sequencing
Plant field trials
17
What term describes the use of biological, chemical and cultural methods together?
Joint crop management
Combination crop management
Integrated crop management
Mixed crop management
18
Who is responsible for improving animal welfare?
The government
Anyone who keeps an animal
Everyone
Farmers and zookeepers
19
What is a problem with biological controls?
Any of the above
Will always remain at crop site
Cannot be used in enclosed spaces
May become and invasive species
20
What is inbreeding depression?
A failure in natural selection
Increase in frequency of heterozygotes
Decrease in vigour
Increase in individual homozygous for deleterious alleles
21
What does inbreeding depression cause?
Increase in frequency of heterozygotes
Decrease in vigour
Increase in individual homozygous for deleterious alleles
A failure in natural selection
22
A bird that constantly pecks at others shows what stress indicator?
Failure in sexual or parental behaviour
Misdirected behaviour
Altered activity levels
Stereotypy
23
Which of the following is NOT an economic impact of weeds?
Hosts for pests and diseases
Release of chemical inhibitors
Reduction in crop productivity
Increase crop's shelflife
24
What are biological controls?
A parasite of the pest
Any of the above
A predator of the pest
A pathogen of the pest
25
Which generation is most likely to show hybrid vigour?
P1
P2
F2
F1
26
What is inbreeding?
Increase in frequency of heterozygotes
Fusion of two gametes from unrelated individuals
Reduction of deleterious alleles
Fusion of two gametes from close relatives
27
Which of the following is a characteristic breeders may wish to develop?
Low nutritional value
Susceptibility to diseases
High milk yield
Requirement for mild growing conditions
28
Which option correctly matches the features with the type of weeds?
Annual: food storage organs. Perennial: long life.
Annual: food storage organs. Perennial: fast growth.
Annual: many seeds. Perennial: fast growth.
Annual: many seeds. Perennial: long life.
29
What can be introduced to an organism via recombinant DNA technology?
Gene for glyphosate susceptibility
Gene for thin coats
Additional chromosomes
Gene for Bt toxin
30
Which of the following is a reason for performing field trials?
All of the above
Find out the effect of different treatments
Evaluate GM crops against conventional crops
Compare the performance of different plant cultivars
31
Why is a natural ecosystem more resilient than a monoculture?
Increased variation
Lack of pests and diseases
Presence of deleterious alleles
All of the above
32
Why are invertebrate pests a problem?
Shorten shelf life and increase photosynthesis
Vector for disease and reduce photosynthesis
Vector for disease and increase photosynthesis
Shorten shelf life and reduce photosynthesis
33
Which of the following has been produced using recombinant DNA technology?
Pizza flavoured sweetcorn
Chocolate flavoured carrots
All of the above
Golden Rice
34
What are two types of invertebrate pest?
Fungi and mollusc
Insect and nematode
Mollusc and mouse
Nematode and fungi
35
Systemic pesticides only attack broad leaved crops.
True
False
36
Why is inbreeding depression less common in self-pollinating plants?
Increase in frequency of heterozygotes
Decrease in frequency of homozygotes
Cannot acquire new deleterious alleles
Deleterious alleles are eliminated by natural selection
37
Why are plant diseases a problem?
Shorten shelf life and increase photosynthesis
Reduce yield and increase photosynthesis
Increased marketability and reduce yield
Shorten shelf life and reduce yield
38
An animal that constantly paces back and forth shows what stress indicator?
Misdirected behaviour
Altered activity levels
Failure in sexual or parental behaviour
Stereotypy

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