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Grade 8 Final Review
Grade 8 Final Review
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1
You are testing the effect of a drug on blood pressure using rats, what is the control group?
Rats not given then drug
Presence or absence of the drug
Rats
Rats given the drug
2
Quantitative or qualitative: Presence or absence of something
Qualitative (aka categorical)
Quantitative (aka continuous)
3
Which of the following defining characteristics of life do viruses possess?
Reproduce on their own
Evolve over time
Have a metabolism
Maintain homeostasis
4
A researcher is testing the hypothesis that a new allergy drug reduces allergy symptoms. What is the null hypothesis?
The drug does effect allergy symptoms
The drug has no effect on allergy symptoms
5
Match the term to the defintion: A resource that can be replaced in a reasonable amount of time.
Renewable resource
Essential resource
Nonrenewable resource
Natural resource
6
A scientist hypothesizes that the temp. an allegator's egg is incubated in will determine whether it is male or female.
The independent variable is the allegator
The independent variable is the sex of the allegator (male or female)
The dependent variable is the sex of the allegator (male or female)
The depedent variable is temperature
7
_____:Confounding variables which have been identified and controlled for by keeping them the same for all test subjects
Confoudning variables
Error
Controlled variables
Control group
8
Gasoline is a renewable resource.
True
False
9
Which of the following correctly state each organizational level from largest to smallest?
Organism > Population > Community > Ecosystem
Community > Population > Ecosystem > Organism
Ecosystem > Population > Community > Organism
Ecosystem > Community > Population > Organsim
10
Quantitative or qualitative: The number of bubbles produced
Quantitative (aka continuous)
Qualitative (aka categorical)
11
Hypothesis: If fertilizer is given to plants then, they will grow taller. What is the dependent variable?
Plant height
Presence or absence of fertilizer
The plants
Fertilizer
12
Quantitative or qualitative: The color of fish
Quantitative (aka continuous)
Qualitative (aka categorical)
13
Sunlight and trees are both renewable resources, how are they different?
The sun can be destroyed forever, but trees cannot
Trees are a natural resource, sunlight is not
Trees can be used up faster then they replace themselves, sunlight cannot
Sunlight is a phototropic resource, trees are not
14
If the p-value is greater than 0.05 then, the results are not significant
True
False
15
N =500, B =200, I =35, D =150, E =70.....What is N+1?
500
515
455
995
16
See image for question
Response to stimuli
Evolution by natural selection
Mutation
Genetic drift
17
You find this organism living in a freshwater stream, it is most likely a...
Doo-dad
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryote
18
You are testing the effect of a drug on blood pressure using rats, what is the experimental group?
Rats given the drug
Rats
Rats not given then drug
Presence or absence of the drug
19
Why is it important that scientists report their findings?
To inspire future research questions
So other scientists can repeat the experiment
So their conclusions can be used to make informed decisions
All of the above
20
Given the information below: What is the population size at the end of the year?
26
30
25
36
21
Anything that constrains a population's size and slows or stops it from growing.
Population decliners
Limiting factors
Carrying capacity
Population density
22
You want to graph how many hours students spent studying and the grade (%) they scored on the test. What type of graph?
Line graph
Bar graph
23
People can recycle by...
Using reusable shopping bags instead of plastic.
Melting aluminum cans to make other aluminum products.
Making a sculpture out of litter.
A (red) and B (blue)
24
New York State is ______% forested
80%
32%
61%
18%
25
Which of the following are made from natural resources?
A wool sweater
A (red) and B (blue)
A notebook
A plastic cup
26
Climate change can lead to increased drought which threatens agriculture.
False
True
27
Which of the following provides the best definition of metabolism?
The movement of substances across a cell membrane
The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism
The process by which cells divide and reproduce
The breakdown of nutrients to produce energy only
28
Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, are more likely to happen under climate change.
True
False
29
Climate change makes extreme events, such as volcanic eruptions, more likely to happen.
True
False
30
Examples of the global climate changing in the past include...
The ice age
The Eocene warm period
The Carboniferous warm period
A (red) and B (blue)
31
Coal is a non-renewable resource
False
True
32
____________: Units of information such as numbers, measurements, observations, or descriptions of things.
Data
Experimental group
Controlled variables
Hypothesis
33
The mitochondria turns glucose into...
Cellularly useable energy
ATP
Red triangle and yellow circle
Magic
34
What is this?
The Catskills
The Shanendoa National Forest
Canada
The Adirondacks
35
Population models are 100% accurate
True
False
36
Which of the following show the correct general trend of size?
Eukaryotes < Viruses < Bacteria
Bacteria < Viruses < Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes < Bacteria < Viruses
Viruses < Bacteria < Eukaryotes
37
Which of the following organisms is an example of a prokaryote?
Spider
Mushroom
Seaweed
E. coli
38
Which of the following provides the best definition of a virus?
A unicellular organism that carries out all life processes independently.
A type of bacteria that causes illness and can reproduce by binary fission
A type of cell that invades other cells to produce energy
A non-living entity made of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat
39
The nonliving parts of an ecosystem.
Biotic Factors
Dead Factors
Non-biotic factors
Abiotic Factors
40
Populations can be limited when....
Limiting factors such as disease, predation, and competition are present
Resources are abundant
Resources are limited
Red and blue
41
A bird feather is an example of a biotic factor.
False
True
42
What kind of genetic material do viruses contain?
Neither
DNA
Both
RNA
43
Which of the following are consequences of climate change leading to more frequent, more severe, and longer heat waves?
Increased levels of ground ozone
Increased electricity use
All of the above
Heat related illness and death
44
After you have researched your topic area, what do you do next?
Test with experiment / collect data
Form a hypothesis
Analyze your data
Report conclusions
45
You hypothesize that as the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, pH decreases. What is the independent variable?
Concentration of carbon dioxide
pH
Concentration
Carbon dioxide
46
Match the term to the defintion: Material that occurs in nature that is essential or useful to people.
Renewable resource
Natural resource
Nonrenewable resource
Essential resource
47
An environment that provides all of the things a particular organism needs to live, grow, and reproduce.
Ecosystem
Community
Habitat
Environment
48
This pollutant accounts for 75% of greenhouse gas emissions.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Carbon dioxide
Nitrous oxides
Methane
49
Which of the following correctly describes the community in this ecosystem?
All of the animals living together in this area
All of the organisms living together in this area
All of the biotic and abiotic factors present in this area
An individual rock
50
Two ways for individuals to be lost from a population are...
death and emigration
birth and immigration
immigration and death
immigration and emigration
51
The smallest functional and structural unit of all living organisms.
Cell
DNA
Energy
Matter
52
What does the graph below show?
Rising average temperatures are correlated with rising CO2 levels.
How much the future climate will warm is dependent on what humans do now.
A (red) and B (blue)
Rising levels of different greenhouse gases along with rising temperatures.
53
Which statement is NOT a part of the cell theory?
Cell parts such as chloroplasts are self-replicating
The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things
All cells come from other pre-existing cells
All organisms are made of cells
54
When the birth rate is equal to the death rate, the population will....
Increase
Remain stable
Plummet
Decrease
55
Which of the following is true regarding viruses?
Viruses possess none of the defining characteristics of life
Viruses possess all of the defining characteristics of life
Viruses aren't real
Viruses possess some of the defining characteristics of life but not all
56
What is the shape of the following growth curve?
Linear
Exponential
Quadratic
Logistic
57
Here in the northeastern U.S., we live in a ___________ climate
Temperate
Temporal
Polar
Tropical
58
Which organelle is not surrounded by a membrane and can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Vacuole
Nucleus
59
Which of the following are an example of an interaction between the biotic environment and the abiotic environment?
The position of the sun influences the temperature of the environment
The snails graze on algae
The animals exhale carbon dioxide
The fish eat invertebrates in the pond
60
Given the following graph, there is a significant difference between the control group and the experimental group
False
True
61
How does predation directly affect population size?
By increasing the birth rate
By decreasing the birth rate
By decreasing the death rate
By increasing the death rate
62
Climate models are useful because...
They can be used to predict the future of our climate.
A(red) and B(blue)
They can be used to determine what is causing climate change.
They can be used to visually display how sea levels will rise.
63
Which of the following is an example of a population in this ecosystem?
All of the fish of the same species
An individual rock
An individual duck
A fish scale
64
Aluminum is a renewable resource.
True
False
65
Spread of disease is a density dependent limiting factor
True
False
66
If castor oil does affect hair growth but, the researchers concluded it doesn't what type of error has occurred?
Type II
Experimental
Type I
Red and Blue
67
The value of the __________________ variable is dependent on the value of the _______________ variable
Dependent ; Independent
Controlled ; Control
Independent ; Controlled
Independent ; Dependent
68
Two parents produce offspring that are genetically unique.
A(red triangle) and C (yellow circle)
asexual reproduction
cloning
sexual reproduction
69
You want to graph how many hours students spent studying and the grade (%) they scored on the test. What's on the x-axis
The dependent variable
The independent variable
70
Soil has both biotic and abiotic components.
True
False
71
Climate change can lead to more frequent extreme winter weather events, such as blizzards.
True
False
72
In the first chapter of Braiding Sweetgrass, we read about the Native American origin story of ....
Skyman and mud island
Skywoman and turtle island
Brahma and moss island
Adam, Eve, and the garden of Eden
73
The scientific study of how living things interact with each other and their environment.
Ecology
Chemistry
Ecosystem biology
Interaction science
74
The only way to test a hypothesis is with a controlled experiment
False
True
75
Quantitative or qualitative: Stress level (low, medium, or high)
Qualitative (aka categorical)
Quantitative (aka continuous)
76
Even if we stopped all greenhouse gas emissions today, the climate would still continue to warm.
True
False
77
Only plants can photosynthesize
False
True
78
Which of the following is true regarding viruses?
They can't reproduce at all
They need a host cell to reproduce
They can reproduce on their own
79
Match the term to the definition: The surroundings in which a person, animal, or plant lives.
Ecosystem
Environment
Habitat
Community
80
What can make the climate change?
Changes in the earth's orbit
All of the above
Changes in the gases in the atmosphere (Greenhouse effect)
Volcanic eruptions
81
When it comes to renewable resources we should always strive to harvest that resource _______________.
Sustainably
Completely
Extemporaneously
At MSY
82
_______ refers to the state of the atmosphere at a place and time with respect to wind, temperature, cloudiness, etc.
Precipitation
Climate
Biome
Weather
83
What materials should you use to study?
All of the above
The PowerPoint on Canavs
Past do nows
Class notes and worksheets
84
What does increasing sample size do for an experiment?
Decreases the likelihood of type I and type II error
Blue and yellow
Makes the data more reliable/accurate
Makes the data more variable
85
What is the shape of the following growth curve?
Logistic
Exponential
Linear
Quadratic
86
What is secondary forest?
Forest that is considered to be old growth
Forest that is twice as nice as primary forest
A forested area that was once clear cut and is now re-grown
A forest that is located at a higher elevation level than primary forest
87
Which characteristic of life does the cell membrane most help with?
Growth and development
Responding to stimuli
Maintaining homeostasis
Evolution
88
What are the 4 main components of habitat?
Food, shelter, mates, conspecifics
Prey, predators, primary producers, and decomposers
Food, water, shelter, space
Prey, predators, mates, and conspecifics
89
______ is the avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance.
Reciprocity
Conservation
Sustainability
MSY
90
Which of the following are examples of how climate change negatively impacts wildlife?
Extreme heat events can be deadly to Australian flying foxes
Many tropical amphibeans and reptiles cannot survive rising temperatures
All of the above
Coral bleeching
91
What does "K" represent?
The growth rate of the population
The starting population size
The logistic stagnating constant
The carrying capacity of the population
92
The maximum population size of a particular species an ecosystem can maintain.
Carrying capacity
Limiting factors
Holding capacity
Community
93
Effects of castor oil on hair growth study: Six rats were given the oil and six were not. What is the sample size?
6
12
14
2
94
see image
Reproduction
Response to stimuli
Growth and development
Homeostasis
95
If castor oil doesn't affect hair growth but, the researchers concluded it does what type of error has occurred?
Type I
Red and Blue
Experimental
Type II
96
What does the graph below show?
How much the future climate will warm is dependent on what humans do now.
It's unclear whether climate change is due to human or natural causes.
Climate models only reflect recent warming if we include human effects.
Two possible futures of climate change.
97
Minerals are an example of an abiotic factor.
False
True
98
_____________ is the maximum number of individuals you can harvest from a population without causing it to decline.
MSY
OSY
Carrying capacity
Total take
99
An individual living thing.
Population
Cell
Organism
Community
100
How do a limited number of nesting sites directly affect population size?
By increasing the death rate
By decreasing the birth rate
By decreasing the death rate
By increasing the birth rate
101
How does climate change make hurricanes more likely to happen?
Because ....science.
By warming the air which leads to changes in wind currents.
By leading to higher temperatures which leads to drought in many places.
By warming the ocean which leads to more evaporation of water into the air.
102
Match the term to the defintion: A resource that, once used, cannot be replaced in a reasonable amount of time.
Nonrenewable resource
Natural resource
Renewable resource
Essential resource
103
Fossil fuels come from....
Crytallized dinosaurs.
Compressed rocks and minerals deep in the Earth's crust.
Pockets of oil reserves which have always existed below ground.
Fossilized plant and animal remnants from millions of years ago.
104
Why is it important to harvest from populations sustainably?
To not anger the Lorax
Red and blue
To ensure that future generations will also be able to use that resource
To maintain the health of the ecosystem
105
After you have run your experiment, what do you do next?
Report conclusions
Test with experiment / collect data
Analyze your data
Form a hypothesis
106
Right now you are bigger than you were when you were a baby. How did that happen?
Each of your cells got bigger
You created more cells by cellular division
You're actually the same size, everyone else got smaller
Triangle (red) and diamond (blue)
107
What is this?
The Catskills
The Monongahela
The lower Adirondacks
Albany
108
The molecule that carries a living thing's hereditary information.
Carbon
Nucleus
DNA
Cell
109
Natural disasters are density dependent limiting factors
False
True
110
Cotton is a renewable resource
True
False
111
N = 500 and N+1 = 515....What is the growth rate?
0.1
0.03
-0.03
15
112
Hypothesis: If a person takes vitamins then, they will be healthier. Do you approve?
No, because healthier isn't measurable
Yes
No, because the independent variable isn't measurable
No, because I hate vitamins
113
Given the information below: What is the birth rate?
10 offspring per wolf
20 offspring per wolf
2 offspring per wolf
2
114
Greenhouse gases include...
Water vapor
Methane
Carbon dioxide
All of the above
115
What is the function of the nucleus?
It produces cellular energy from food
It houses the cell's DNA
It houses the cell's RNA
It makes proteins
116
The living, or once living, parts of an ecosystem.
Biology factors
Abiotic factors
Non-biotic factors
Biotic factors
117
Which of the following organelles make proteins?
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Nucleus
Vacuoles
118
Prokaryotic life evolved before eukaryotic life.
True
False
119
What does it mean for a difference to be statistically significant?
The means are the exact same number
The likelihood of observing the difference purely by chance is high
The means are not the exact same number
The likelihood of observing the difference purely by chance is low
120
___________: An explanation of a scientific phenomenon supported by many lines of evidence and a lot of research.
Educated guess
Theory
Prediction
Hypothesis
121
Plants given fert. are kept in a greenhouse,plants not given fert. are kept in a sunny room.Do you approve these methods
Yes
No, because there is no control group
No, because there is a confounding variable
No, because there is no independent variable
122
Where is maximum sustainable yield in terms of population size and why?
1/2 carrying capacity because the death rate is zero here
1/2 carrying capacity because the growth rate is highest here
Carrying capacity because the population is at it's greatest size
1/4 carrying capacity because the growth rate is highest here
123
A change that affects the activity of an organism. Examples: chemicals, gravity, light, sounds
evolution
energy
stimulus
metabolism
124
Animal cells never contain chloroplasts
False
True
125
You find this organism living in boiling hot thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean, it is most likely a...
Doo-dad
Archaea
Eukaryote
Bacteria
126
Climate scientists can say definitively whether or not a specific weather event was due to climate change.
False
True
127
What does the graph below show?
Global temperatures have been higher than average since 1870.
Rising average temperatures are correlated with rising CO2 levels.
How much the future climate will warm is dependent on what humans do now.
A (red) and B (blue)
128
A dead leaf is an example of an abiotic factor.
False
True
129
There are no multicellular prokaryotes
True
False
130
Why do organisms need a source of energy?
So they don't get tired
To have the elemental building blocks needed to build new complex molecules
To carry out the chemical activities of the body
None of the above
131
Which of the following is an example of an organism in this ecosystem?
All of the fish of the same species
A fish scale
An individual rock
An individual duck
132
Quantitative or qualitative: The weight of newborn kittens in grams
Qualitative (aka categorical)
Quantitative (aka continuous)
133
Quantitative or qualitative: Test score as a %
Qualitative (aka categorical)
Quantitative (aka continuous)
134
The interacting community of living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) things in a particular area.
Ecosystem
Environment
Population
Community
135
You find this organism living on a person's teeth, it is most likely a...
Eukaryote
Doo-dad
Archaea
Bacteria
136
When it comes to nonrenewable and renewable resources we should always seek to ___________ our use
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Upcycle
137
Photosynthesis (fill in the blanks) : Sunlight + ___________ -> Oxygen + __________
Oxygen ; Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide ; Glucose (sugar)
Glucose (sugar) ; Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide ; Chlorophyll
138
Why are fish populations decreasing?
The fish are being caught faster than they can breed
The growth rate of fish populations are on average only 0.1
The birth rate is greater than the death rate
The fish are emigrating to other populations
139
Two ways for individuals to be added to a population are...
immigration and emigration
birth and immigration
death and emigration
birth and death
140
•Scientist estimate that ____% of the world’s major fisheries have been overharvested
70%
25%
50%
10%
141
How many domains of life are there?
2
3
5
4
142
What four factors affect population size?
Birth and death
Birth, disease, survivorship, and immigration
Birth, immigration, death, and emigration
immigration and emigration
143
All eukaryotes are unicellular
True
False
144
Animal cells never have a cell wall
True
False
145
Population models can be used to….
Assess the growth rate of a population (increasing, stable, or declining)
All of the above
Predict what will happen to the population in the future
Assess which factors are limiting population growth
146
Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nucleus
147
Quantitative or qualitative: Age group (eg. toddler, teen, adult...)
Qualitative (aka categorical)
Quantitative (aka continuous)
148
People can reduce by ...
Using a reusable straw instead of disposable ones.
A (red) and C (yellow)
Putting paper and cans in the recycling bin.
Turning the lights off when you're not in a room.
149
What is the minimum sample size you can use?
2
4
5
3
150
Cutting down trees to make timber products is never sustainable.
True
False
151
When the birth rate is greater than the death rate, the population will....
Increase
Remain stable
Plummet
Decrease
152
People can reuse by ...
Melting glass bottles to make new glass products.
Using a glass pasta sauce jar as storage for something else.
Carpooling.
Turning the lights off when you're not in a room.
153
Which of the following digest food particles, cell parts, and foreign invaders?
Lysosomes
Cell membrane
Cytoskeleton
Mitochondria
154
A single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
asexual reproduction
sexual reproduction
A(red triangle) and C (yellow circle)
cloning
155
The maintenance of a stable internal environment.
Reproduction
Homeostasis
Stimulus
Metabolism
156
________ refers to the average atmospheric conditions that prevail in a given region over a long period of time
Ecoregion
Climate
Weather
Biome
157
The current changes to the Earth's climate are due to human activity.
False
True
158
August 2022 was the hottest August recorded in North America and Europe and the second warmest August globally.
True
False
159
How does climate change lead to rising sea levels?
Science science science
Arctic sea ice in the north pole is melting due to the warming climate.
A (red) and B (blue)
Continental ice in Antarctica is melting due to the warming climate.
160
Which of the following correctly describes this ecosystem?
An individual rock
All of the organisms living together in this area
All of the animals living together in this area
All of the biotic and abiotic factors present in this area
161
What mnumonic can you use to remember which variable goes on which axis?
If the p-value is a wee value, reject the null hypothesis
If X, then Y
162
Which of the following is an example of an animal which humans hunted to extinction?
The scarlet tanager
The black rhino
The plesiosaure
The dodo bird
163
In biology, what is an extremophile?
Someone who loves adrenaline inducing activities
An organism that is able to live in extreme environments
Animals which tend to be very aggresive
An organism which is in domain Archaea
164
When the birth rate is less than the death rate, the population will....
Decrease
Increase
Remain stable
Plummet
165
In an experiment, the group which does not recieve the treatment is the...
Control group
Experimental group
Controlled variables
Independent variable
166
Viruses are currently classified as living things
True
False
167
In living organisms, the process by which cells convert nutrients into energy is known as
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth
Metabolism
168
______________ is the practice of exchanging with others (or the environment itself) for mutual benefit.
Sustainability
Ecology
Reciprocity
Equivalent exchange
169
In an experiment, the control group recieves all of the same conditions as the experimental group except what?
The treatment
The dependent variable
Blue and yellow
The controlled variables
170
Population size per unit area
Population density
Population growth
Population volume
Population size
