Milady Chapter 6: Chemistry

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

A substance that causes an increase in cellular mutations, may or may not cause cancer

An alpha hydroxy acid used in exfoliation and to lower the pH of products

Volatile alcohols evaporate easily

An ion with a positive electrical charge

Science of the the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions

A stable, uniform mixture of two or more substances

When acids are mixed with alkalis in equal proportions, balancing the pH and forming water H20 and salt

a change in the properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance

Colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen

Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid

Water droplets emulsified in oil

The simplest form of chemical matter; cannot be broken down into a simpler substance w/o loss of identity

Material that is capable of igniting and burning

A chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions

A sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams

Subatomic particles with a positive charge

A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound

Substances that should not be mixed or even stored near each other

An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances, plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier

A chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in fixed proportions

Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)

Compounds that contain carbon and evaporate very easily are VOCś or Volatile Organic Compounds

Prolonged, repeated, or long-term exposure that can cause sensitivity

A substance that causes or is believed to cause cancer

Easily absorbs water, capable of combining with or attracting water (water-loving)

Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions

A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions

Required by law for all products; includes handling info, ingredients, disposal info, etc.

The smallest chemical components, structures that make up the element

Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryer

Acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin

Also known as redox; a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized

Rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light

Characteristics that can be determined only by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance

Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite proportions

A very strong alkali used in chemical products and cleaners; commonly known as lye

Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products

Substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify

A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solution

A substance that releases oxygen

A physical combination of matter in any proportion

A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance

A change in the chemical composition or make-up of a substance

The abbreviation used for potential hydrogen, represents the quantity of hydrogen ions

Subatomic particles with no charge

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

A solution that has a pH below 7 (neutral)

Oil droplets emulsified in water

The separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions

Also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts

Material that is capable of igniting and burning, and easier to ignite than combustible material

An ingredient that brings two incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform fairly stable mix

Having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)

An ion with a negative electrical charge

Subatomic particles with a negative charge

A solution that has a pH above 7

The substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution

The substance that is dissolved in a solution