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Psych 1 Midterm Practice 2021
Psych 1 Midterm Practice 2021
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1
Who was an early proponent of functionalism
Edward Titchener
Max Wertheimer
William James
Ivan Pavlov
2
Destruction of ____________ plays a key role in multiple sclerosis
endorphin
myelin
GABA
curare
3
In the definition of psychology,
mental processes
means
only human behavior
unconscious processes
outward or overt actions and reactions
internal, covert processes
4
Parts of the brain that are responsible for coordinating sensory information with stored memories, images, and knowledge
Cerebral Hemispheres
Association Areas
Peripheral Locations
Subcortical Structures
5
A negative correlation means that
low values of one variable are associated with low values of the other
there is no relationship between the two variables
high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other
high values of one variable are associated with high values of the other
6
Which of these is the most accurate definition of the discipline of psychology
the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes
the scientific study of behavior
the science of behavior and mental processes
the scientific study of mental processes
7
The state which a neuron contains more negatively charged ions inside the cell than outside the cell and is not firing
quiet potential
resting potential
synaptic potential
action potential
8
If you are typing on the computer keyboard, the motions of your fingers on the keys are probably being controlled by the
parasympathetic division
somatic nervous system
sympathetic division
autonomic nervous system
9
Objective introspection requires:
metaphysical experiences
empiricism
self-skepticism about experiences
reflection on the self
10
A specialized cell that makes up the nervous system that receives and sends messages within that system is called a
myelin sheath
cell body
neuron
glial cell
11
If you have problems storing away new memories, which area of your brain is most likely damaged?
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Amygdala
Hippocampus
12
Dendrite is to axon as:
receive is to release
send is to receive
receive is to send
receive is to give
13
When a researcher wants to know if her results are likely to be caused by something other than chance
median score
statistical significance
correlation coefficient
measure of variability
14
Which of the following is true of split-brain patients?
They can easily name objects in their left visual field.
They can easily name objects in their right visual field.
They cannot see objects in their right visual field.
They cannot see objects in their left visual field.
15
The nervous system is defined as __________________.
network of cells that carries information to & from all parts of the body.
nerves and neurons that are contained in the brain and spinal cord
a specialized cell that makes up the brain and nervous system
a gland located in the brain that secretes human growth hormone
16
The normal curve is a special kind of
frequency distribution
inferential statistic
correlational coefficient
measure of central tendency
17
what job do interneurons perform
they carry messages from the senses to the spinal cord
they carry messages from the spinal cord to the muscles and glands
they connect the sensory neurons to the motor neurons
they connect the sympathetic division to the parasympathetic division
18
A(n) ________is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another.
experimental effect
independent variable
dependent variable
correlation
19
What did Sigmund Freud consider as the key to understanding the nervous disorders he observed?
external consequences
the unconscious mind
brain physiology
free will
20
Reuptake is
a chemical that plays a role in learning and attention
a process by which neurotransmitters are sucked back into synaptic vesicles
a chemical that is released into the synaptic gap
a protein molecule on the cell body of a neuron
21
The greatest advantage to using a case study is that
uses animals instead of humans and therefore does not endanger the subjects
there is a tremendous amount of detail that can be gathered
researchers can gather data from large groups of people
it can help in forming a hypothesis which can later be tested
22
The function of the neuron's axon is to
regulate the neuron's life processes
receive messages from neighboring neurons
carry messages to other cells
insulate against leakage of electrical impulses
23
involves the structure and function of the brain and nervous system, including neurons, nerves, and nervous tissue
brain scientology
neuroscience
neurostemology
bioscience
24
Which of the following techniques uses radioactive sugar to look at the functioning of the brain?
EEG
MRI
CT
PET
25
Which part of the neuron receives messages from other cells
myelin
dendrite
axon
soma
26
One type of bar graph is a
normal curve
histogram
polygon
line graph
27
The main advantage of a survey is that
a large amount of data can be gathered
subjects will not know if they are part of a control or experimental group
only a small number of subjects need to be accessed
the chance of experimenter error is removed
28
Which of the following neurotransmitters functions as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
norepinephrine
GABA
serotonin
acetylcholine
29
long bundle of neurons that functions as a carrier of messages to and from the brain to the body
amygdala
somatic nervous system
spinal cord
cerebellum
30
A group of randomly selected subjects for a study that matches the population on important characteristics
volunteer bias
a representative sample
an experimental group
a control group
31
Which lobe controls higher mental functions such as thinking and problem solving?
Frontal
Temporal
Corpus
Parietal
32
Which of the following professionals in psychology has no medical training but has a doctoral degree?
psychologist
psychiatric social worker
psychiatrist
psychiatric nurse
33
Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between two variables?
0.25
-0.75
-0.25
0.50
34
Dr. Baker designs an experiment for studying lab rats' reactions to energy drinks in relation to problem solving.
explanation
control
prediction
description
35
Studying a client's early childhood experiences and his resulting development of self
cognitive
behavioral
evolutionary
psychodynamic
36
The belief that the unconscious mind has an influence on one's behavior is what early field of psychology?
behaviorism
functionalism
structuralism
psychodynamic
37
Which of the following parts of the brain seems to be responsible for fear responses?
Somatosensory Cortex
Thalamus
Amygdala
Corpus Callosum
38
A researcher stops people at the mall and asks them questions about their attitudes toward gun control.
survey
case study
naturalistic observation
experiment
39
A table that shows how often different scores appear in a set of scores is called a
frequency distribution
bar graph
bell curve
central tendency
40
Which of the following parts of the nervous system connects the brain to the peripheral nervous system?
the spinal cord
the sympathetic division
the somatic nervous system
the autonomic nervous system
41
In which of the following lobes of the cortex would you find the primary auditory area?
Parietal
Frontal
Temporal
Occipital
42
Which of the following would indicate the weakest relationship and thus be close to complete randomness?
-0.89
+1.04
-0.98
+.01
43
Which brain structure is most responsible for our balance, posture, and muscle tone?
Cerebellum
Pons
Reticular Formation
Medulla
44
Which of the following statements is correct?
A psychiatrist generally goes to graduate school, not medical school.
A psychologist has no medical training.
Psychiatric social workers can prescribe medication.
An M.D. and a Ph.D. are pretty much the same thing.
45
How our minds help us adapt to the world around us was a question addressed by which early movement of psychology
Cognitivism
Functionalism
Behaviorism
Structuralism
46
The brain and spinal cord are two components of the
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
47
Participants do not know if they are part of the control group or the experimental group, only the experimenter knows.
single blind
placebo
triple-blind
double-blind
48
_________________ plays a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscles to contract.
GABA
Endorphin
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
49
When you add up all the numbers in a set of scores and divide the total by how many numbers there are
range
mode
median
mean
50
Which of the following is a common ethical guideline to follow when conducting research with human subjects?
Deception must be justified.
Participants cannot be subjected to any physically painful stimuli.
Participants may not withdraw once they start.
Participants cannot be deceived about aspects of the research.
51
By using_____________, researchers can maximize the likelihood of a representative sample
very few individuals from a larger group
random selection from a larger group
participant observation
case studies
52
The peripheral nervous system consists of the ____________ and _____________ nervous system.
autonomic; sympathetic
parasympathetic; somatic
parasympathetic; sympathetic
autonomic; somatic
53
Which of the following correlation coefficients represents a strong negative correlation?
0.85
-0.79
0.00
-0.10
54
Special cells that can manufacture other cell types when those cells need to be replaced are called:
Stem Cells
Blood Cells
Sensory Cells
Motor Cells
55
Who was the first woman to complete the coursework for a doctorate at Harvard University?
Margaret Washburn
Eleanor Gibson
Mary Cover Jones
Mary Whiton Calkins
56
The gap between two neurons is known as the
neurotransmitter
receptor site
axon terminal
synapse
57
Which of the following lets researchers know how spread out their data are?
measures of variability
measures of central tendency
significant statistics
inferential statistic
58
Which psychologist completed the coursework for a PhD but was denied the degree by Harvard because she was a female?
Inez Beverly Prosser
Linus Pauling
Mary Whiton Calkins
Francis Cecile Sumner
59
In the set of numbers 2,2,2,3,5,5,6,8,15, what is the median?
5
15
2
3
60
When you watch dogs play in the park, or watch how your professors conduct their classes, you are engaging in a form of
case study research
survey research
naturalistic observation
psychometric study
61
when the action potential reaches the end of the axon terminal, it causes the release of
positively charged ion that excite the next cell
an electrical spark that sets off the next cell
negatively charged ions that inhibit the next cell
neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit the next cell
62
Neurotransmitters are stored in ______________ within the axon terminal
presynaptic terminals
synaptic vesicles
receptor sites
synapses
63
The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and keeps the entire cell alive and functioning is the
soma
dendrite
axon
cell membrane
64
Endorphins are
radically different in function from neurotransmitters
found where neurons meet skeletal muscles
less powerful than enkaphalins
pain controlling chemicals
65
If you burn your finger, your immediate reaction will probably involve all BUT which of the following?
the spinal cord
the brain
sensory neurons
motor neurons
66
Which of the following perspectives focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics?
psychodynamic
evolutionary
humanistic
behavioral
67
This gland controls the level of blood sugar in the body by secreting insulin
Thyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Pineal
68
The protective sheath that wraps around a neuron's axon is made of
myelin
hormones
dendrites
synapses
69
If Dr. Swasey is like most psychologists, where does she probably work?
self-employed
federal government
university/college
state or local government
70
The goals of psychology are to
explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind
describe, explain, predict, and control behavior
understand, compare, and analyze human behavior
improve psychological well being in all individuals from birth until death
71
Which part of a neuron is attached to the soma and carries messages out to other cells?
soma
cell membrane
axon
dendrite
72
Branch of psychology called structuralism used a technique called ( ) involves reporting the contents of consciousness
induction
insight inventory
intervention
objective introspection
73
The brain's ability to adapt to serve new functions after it has been damaged is an example of:
Deep Lesioning
Neuroplasticity
Action Potential
Mirroring
74
What is the first guideline for doing research with people?
data must remain confidential
the rights and well being of the participants must come first
participants have to give informed consent
deception cannot be used in any studies with human beings
75
Double-blind studies control
only the experimenter effect
both the placebo effect and the experimenter effect
only the placebo effect
extrinsic motivation
76
In a skewed distribution, the scores
are evenly distributed around the mean
are all identical to each other
fall to one side of the distribution
have two high points instead of one
77
Which neurotransmitter is associated with sleep, mood, and appetite?
GABA
acetylcholine
dopamine
serotonin
78
When a cell is "at rest" it is in a state called the
action potential
stopping point
resting potential
obcipitation junction
79
Wesley has learned that if he cries with his mother, she will often get him a new toy or a piece of candy to quiet him.
cognitive
biopsychological
psychodynamic
behavioral
80
This women became famous for becoming the first women to receive the PhD in psychology.
Maxine Wertheimer
Margaret F. Washburn
Lindsey Paul
Margaret Meade
81
Which perspective offers the best explanation for schizophrenia?
humanistic
biopsychological
behavioral
psychodynamic
82
A variable that the experimenter manipulates is called a(n)
dependent variable
control condition
coefficient of correlation
independent variable
83
The action potential causes neurotransmitters to be released into the
synaptic vesicle
axon
synapse
myelin sheath
84
In the scientific method, the final step is
drawing conclusions
testing the hypothesis
reporting your results
perceiving a question
85
Which of the following terms to NOT belong to together
psychoanalysis; unconscious conflict
structuralism; observable behavior
gestalt; whole
natural selection; functionalism
86
The function of the ________ is to carry information to and from all parts of the body.
nervous system
synapse
soma
endorphins
87
"The study of the mind should focus on how it functions in everyday life?"
Wilheilm Wundt
Sigmund Freud
John Watson
William James
88
The field of ________ enables psychologists to analyze the data collected from their research.
statistics
probability
graphing
calculus
89
Which of the following is an example of observer bias?
You develop an opinion of what you expect to see in an experiment
You ask people from your church to participate in a study of family values
You allow a student to quit an experiment simply because he or she is bored
You ask your fellow students to be participants in a study of adult memory
90
Part of the nervous system interprets the information received from the senses and sends commands out to the muscles
reflexes
interneurons
spinal cord
brain
91
In the definition of psychology, the term mental processes refers to
overt actions and reactions
internal, covert activities
outward behavior
only animal behavior
92
What is the biggest reason why we use animals in research?
Animals have simple behavior that makes it easy to see changes
animals don't live as long as humans
we can do things to animals that we can't do to people
animals are easier to control
93
The hormone cortisol is produced by the
pineal gland
pituitary gland
adrenal glands
thyroid gland
94
In the set of numbers 2,2,2,3,5,5,6,8,15, what is the mode?
5
15
3
2
95
In 1879, in Leipzig, Germany, the first psychological laboratory was overseen by
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
William Tell
Sigmund Freud