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RES 8803 (Quantitative Research Method) - Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards | StudBud
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RES 8803 (Quantitative Research Method) - Final Exam Study Guide
RES 8803 (Quantitative Research Method) - Final Exam Study Guide
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1
Employer wants to know if salary & # of hours worked can be used to predict total sales forthe year. Which test is best?
Multiple Regression
ANOVA
Spearman's rho
Pearson's r
2
IQ is norm. dist. w/ a M=100 & SD=15. How to know if themean IQ of 35 random students differs sig. from known mean?
One sample t-test
One-sampel Z-Test
Wilcoxon test
ANOVA
3
Purposive sampling is a type of random sampling.
True
False
4
What is the standard deviation for the following set of scores?X: 25, 50, 75
225
25
50
1075
5
Inferential statistics uses sample data to generalize to populations.
True
False
6
Which goal of science corresponds to correlational studies?
Explain
Decide
Control
Predict
7
Most scales used for measuring psychological variables are ratio.
True
False
8
A response variable is also an outcome variable.
False
True
9
Which of the following displays a small effect size?
r(19) = .1, p < .001
χ2 (2, 1) = 4.55, p < .001
t(29) = 2.34, p = .021, d = 1.3
F(2, 97) = 9.15, p < .001, η = .67
10
As alpha increases, power increases.
False
True
11
An investigator wants to estimate the avg. weight of all NFL players. All pro players constitute a _____.
Statistic
Parameter
Population
Sample
12
Which of the following is appropriate for McNemar’s test?
χ2 (1, N = 50) = 14.19, p < .01
Z (1, N = 50) = 14.19, p < .01
F (1, N = 50) = 14.19, p < .01
T(1, N = 50) = 14.19, p < .01
13
Time is an example of a continuous variable.
True
False
14
If an event is certain not to occur, its probability of occurrence equals 0.00.
False
True
15
Test statistics are usually located in a table rather than computed.
False
True
16
To est. the amount of TV watched by NYC adults, a sociologist surveys a randomsample. The avg. of the raw scores is a _.
Population
Sample
Statistic
Parameter
17
Discrete data can only assume whole numbers.
False
True
18
If the relationship is imperfect, the value of the correlation coefficient must benegative.
True
False
19
If an event is certain to occur, its probability of occurrence equals 1.00.
True
False
20
If the standard deviation of one of the variables equals zero, r cannot becalculated.
False
True
21
Which test is appropriate for one categorical IV with three or more levels and two or more numericalDVs?
MANOVA
ANOVA
Kruskall Walis test
chi squared test of independence
22
Which of the following is correct for a chi-squared goodness of fit test with four groups?
χ2 (1, N = 84) = 1.9, p = .29
χ2 (4, N = 84) = 1.9, p = .29
χ2 (3, N = 84) = 1.9, p = .29
χ2 (2, N = 84) = 1.9, p = .29
23
If a group of 100 has an avg. IQ of 107 and a group of 50has an avg. IQ of 101, the avg. IQ of all the people is 105.
True
False
24
Random sampling guarantees a representative sample.
False
True
25
Only experiments involve direct manipulation by the researcher.
True
False
26
For data that are not normally distributed, the standard deviation will sometimesbe negative.
True
False
27
A parameter is defined as _________.
A # calculated on sample data that quantifies a characteristic ofthe sample
a # calculated on pop. data that quantifies a characteristic of thepop.
The score on the dependent variable of a particular subject in the pop.
The number of individuals in the pop.
28
Pearson r is _______.
All of these are true
Square root of the proportion of variability of Y that is accounted for X
Measure of extent paired scores occupy same positions within distributions
Used when both variables are of interval or ratio scaling
29
Convenience sampling is a type of random sampling.
False
True
30
Which of the following shows the largest effect size relative to the test being used?
t(23) = 2.34, p = .021, d = .54
r(69) = .34, p = .021
t(43) = 1.34, p = 3.1, d = .28
F(3, 35) = 5.21, p < .34, η = .34
31
Nominal and ordinal data are sometimes called categorical data.
True
False
32
The IV is the variable that is the measured in an experiment.
False
True
33
A point estimate is the same as an interval estimate.
True
False
34
Which of the following is correct for a chi-squared goodness of fit test with four groups?
χ2 (4, N = 84) = 1.9, p = .29
χ2 (2, N = 84) = 1.9, p = .29
χ2 (1, N = 84) = 1.9, p = .29
χ2 (3, N = 84) = 1.9, p = .29
35
As alpha increases, power decreases.
False
True
36
You have noticed that as people eat more ice cream they also have darkersuntans. From this observation, you conclude __.
When one's skin tans it causes an urge to eat ice cream
Eating ice cream causes people to tan darker
Perhaps a third variable is responsible for the correlation
All of these are possible
37
A teacher gives a quiz & records the following scores:13, 11, 11, 9, 12, 13, 16, 14, 11, 10, 8, 13, 20.The median is _.
13
16
12
11
38
Which test is appropriate for one categorical IV with three or more levels and one numerical DV?
ANOVA
chi squared test of independence
Kruskall Walis test
t-test
39
See below...
One sample t-test
Wilcoxon test
ANOVA
One-sample z-test
40
Your test statistic (TS) should be smaller than the critical value (CV) in order toreject the null.
True
False
41
"Brand of soft drink" is measured on a(n) _________.
Nominal Scale
Ratio Scale
Ordinal Scale
Interval Scale
42
From a statistical standpoint, which of the following is the most impressive?
z(120) = 1.60, p < .001, d = 0.15
t(160) = 2.30, p < .01, d = 0.15
χ2 (3, N = 84) = 1.9, p = 0.29
t(120) = 4.30, p < .001, d = 0.85
43
Which of the following represents small, medium, and large effects for eta squared (η )?
.25, .5, .75
.01, .06, .14
.1, .3, .5
.2, .5, .8
44
The dependent variable in an experiment is defined or identified as _________.
The variable that is systematically manipulated by the experimenter
"Early Education", in an exp. studying the effect of Early education on IQ
The variable the experimenter measures to determine ifthere isa real effect
"IQ", in a experiment studying the effect of Early Education on IQ
45
Which of the following is possible for a one-way ANOVA with three levels?
F(2, 1) = 4.55, p < .001, η = .47
F(2, 97) = 9.15, p < .001, η = .30
F(3, 35) = 5.21, p < .34, η = .630
F(1, 97) = 2.13, p < .7, η = .670
46
See image...
0.4980
0.8066
0.1959
0.68
47
Which of the following shows a statistically significant effect?
χ2 (4, N = 84) = 1.9, p = 1.29
χ2 (3, N = 84) = 1.9, p = 2.29
χ2 (1, N = 84) = 1.9, p = .029
χ2 (2, N = 84) = 1.9, p = .29
48
Critical values are usually located in a table rather than computed.
False
True
49
Which of the following allows us to compare standard deviations with differentscales?
Variance
IQR
Standard deviation
Coefficient of variation
50
See question below
Median
Mean
Variance
Range
51
Which of the following is typical of a curve that is flatter than normal?
Normokurtic
Platykurtic
Mesokurtic
Leptokurtic
52
Alpha is always set to .05.
True
False
53
Inferential statistics relies heavily on probability and sampling distributions.
False
True
54
A population is a subset of a sample.
True
False
55
Which of the following is correct for a 2x3 chi-squared test of independence?
χ2 (3, N = 84) = 1.9, p = 2.29
χ2 (4, N = 84) = 1.9, p = 1.29
χ2 (1, N = 84) = 1.9, p = .029
χ2 (2, N = 84) = 1.9, p = .29
56
Beta β is both your statistical significance level and your type 1 error rate.
True
False
57
Which test is best to know if there is a significantdifference in blood pressure before & after exercizing.
chi square goodness of fit
independent samples t-test
one sample t-test
dependent samples t-test
58
Which of the following shows a statistically significant result?
t(23) = 2.34, p = .21, d = 1.09
t(12) = 2.014, p = .41, d = .59
z(69) = 2.34, p = .021, d = .19
t(43) = 1.34, p = 2.1, d = .28
59
The coefficient of determination = the proportion of variability accountedfor by the relationship btwn the variables.
True
False
60
Which of the following is correct for a 2x3 chi-squared test of independence?
χ2 (3, N = 84) = 1.9, p = 2.29
χ2 (4, N = 84) = 1.9, p = 1.29
χ2 (2, N = 84) = 1.9, p = .29
χ2 (1, N = 84) = 1.9, p = .029
61
Which test is best to know if GRE scores and GPA can be used topredict income five years after graduating?
multiple regression
logistic regression
simple linear regression
Pearson’s r
62
With a interval scale one cant be certain that the magnitude of the distancebetween any two adjacent points is the same.
False
True
63
In an inverse relationship as X increases, Y decreases.
False
True
64
If M=100 and SD=15 the probability of selecting at random a score less than or equal to 100 is__ assuming a normal dist.
.69
.84
.5
.158
65
Gender is an example of a continuous variable.
True
False
66
A biased sample results when each possible sample of a given size has an equal chance of beingselected.
True
False
67
Which of the following represent small, medium, and large effects for Pearson’s r?
.01, .06, .14
.25, .5, .75
.1, .3, .5
.2, .5, .8
68
See image...
82.63
86.44
83.18
79.28
69
Statistical methods that use sample data to make statements about populations are called inferentialstatistics.
True
False
70
Which of the following is impossible?
t(29) = 2.34, p = 3.1, d = .59
t(29) = 2.34, p = .021, d = .59
z(29) = 2.34, p = .021, d = .59
t(30) = 2.34, p = .021, d = .59
71
The mean is more often used for inference than the median.
True
False
72
What are the real limits of the observation of 6.1 seconds (measured to thenearest second)?
6.0-6.2
6.00-6.20
5.5-6.5
6.05-6.15
73
Alpha is usually set to .05.
False
True
74
Estimation and prediction are two primary uses of inferential statistics.
False
True
75
The Addition Rule states _________.
p(A)p(B|A) = p(A)p(B)
p(A or B) = p(A) + p(B) - p(A and B)
P + Q = 1
p(A and B) = p(A)p(B|A)
76
Descriptive statistics involves making sense of the obtained data.
True
False
77
The median and the 50th percentile rank score will always have the samevalue.
False
True
78
The limits for 4.99 hours are 4.985 to 4.995.
False
True
79
Which of the following displays a large effect size?
r(19) = .29, p < .001
χ2 (2, 1) = 4.55, p < .001
F(2, 97) = 9.15, p < .001, η = .30
t(29) = 2.34, p = .021, d = .51
80
Student classification (freshman, junior, etc.) is an example of a(n) _________ scale.
Ratio
Nominal
Interval
Ordinal
81
A random sample results when each possible sample of a given size has an equal chance of beingselected.
True
False
82
The range is a measure of _____.
Symmetry
Dispersion
Kurtosis
Central tendency
83
Convenience sampling is a type of non-probability sampling.
False
True
84
If the data are positively skewed, the mode will be the largest measure ofcentral tendency.
False
True
85
Which of the following is correct for a 3x3 chi-squared test of independence?
χ2 (3, N = 84) = 1.9, p = 2.29
χ2 (3, N = 84) = 1.9, p = 2.29
χ2 (4, N = 84) = 1.9, p = .29
χ2 (1, N = 84) = 1.9, p = .029
86
All things being equal, larger samples are more representative.
False
True
87
The goal of random sampling is to achieve a representative sample.
True
False
88
You are going to randomly order individuals A, B, C, D, E and F. The probability the order willbegin A B _ _ _ _ is _.
0.033
1.000
0.0000
0.027
89
A sample is a subset of a population.
True
False
90
Which variable does not belong?
Outcome
Predictor
IV
Explanatory variable
91
Which of the following is found by subtracting the smallest number in a data setfrom the largest?
Range
Standard deviation
Variance
IQR
92
Basketball coach wants to know if height & vertical are related. Which test is most appropriateto answer this question?
Spearman's rho
Unpaired t-test
Paired t-test
Pearson's r
93
Sampling is the process of selecting a sample from a population.
True
False
94
See image...
0.00044
0.2250
0.1875
0.00024
95
An instructor wants to know if student test performance increases after receiving personal tutoring.Which test is best?
Chi Square Goodness of Fit
Binomial test
Pearson’s r
Paired t-test
96
See image...
0.330
0.340
0.869
0.670
97
When using inferential statistics, we often go “beyond” the data we have.
True
False
98
Olympic medals (gold, silver, bronze) is an example of ratio data.
True
False
99
A professor randomly chose ten students to observe while they took an exam. Which sampling technique did she use?
Convenience
Cluster random
Simple random
Quota
100
Classifying subjects on the basis of gender is an example of using what kind ofscale?
Interval
Ratio
Nominal
Ordinal
