OCC Psych Final

In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

The distinctive features used to identify the three clusters of personality disorders

+symptoms of schizophrenia are the __of inappropriate behaviors, and - symptoms are the __of appropriate behaviors

The fundamental attribution error best illustrates that we may often underestimate the importance of

System for sensing the position and movment of individual body parts

 The main goal of psychoanalysis is to bring ________ feelings and thoughts into conscious awareness

Who first proposed the law of effect, that rewarded behavior is likely to recur?

Cognitive dissonance theory emphasizes that we seek to reduce the discomfort we feel when we become aware that

___refers to the conversion of one form of energy into another

 Internal, stable, and global explanations of one's own failures are indicative of

 Unjustifiable and negative behavior toward a group and its members is called

 Ingroup bias best illustrates the impact of our ________ on prejudice

The number-one reason people seek mental health services 

Learning by imitating

What makes sensation possible?

 Who pushed for the construction of mental hospitals

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

__involves an unpleasant stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response

__results from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

Which of the following researcher's experiments on obedience at Yale Uni are famous and involve deception

A disorder in which a person loses contact with reality and experiences irrational ideas and disordered perceptions is

People with major mental illness are violent.

Discrimination(social) is a negative

___refers to the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information

Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult

___can be defined as any physical or verbal behavior that is intended to harm someone physically or emotionally

The process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors is

 The mere exposure effect most directly contributes to the positive relationship between ________ and liking

 Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding

2. Ben diagnosed with major depressive disorder.has had suicidal thoughts. When should friends/family be most worried?

The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage in order to be perceived

a great sense of responsibility for engaging in behaviors of which we personally disapprove best describes

Dysfunctional behaviors are maladaptive, which means that they

 In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement

Watson believed that psychology should be the science of

anterior cingulate cortex, a brain region that monitors our actions and checks for errors, especially hyperactive 

Groupthink is fueled by a desire for:

Superordinate goals refer to

Learning that certain events occur together is called

Poverty and unempl. are likely to be expl. in terms of personal dispositions by __ and in terms of situational infl. by 

Frequent, intrusive memories of a traumatic event, social withdrawal, nightmares, 

The tendency to believe that people get what they deserve and they deserve what they get

Sensation that is below the threshold of conscious awareness

tendency to expl. behav. of strangers we have obserfv. in only one type of sit. in terms of _and expl. own behav. in

A stereotype is best described as a

Our tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

__is the min. stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time

A__is a generalized belief about a group of people

The mental process people use to explain their behavior and the behavior of others is called

By age__months, infants will imitate acts modeled on television

word salad

___psychologists explore how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

ads may build political support by associating pictures of the candidate with emotion-evoking music and images.

being influenced by unimportant cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness.

Which pioneering learning researcher highlighted the antisocial effects of aggressive models on children's behavior

 branch of psychology most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, relate to one another

In psychoanalysis, a patient's hesitation to free-associate is most likely to be interpreted as a sign of

those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup, are called

terrified of spiders. refuses to enter his bedroom until checked for spiders. Even a picture of a spider not good. 

The area at which the optic nerve leaves the eye has no receptor cells. This is called____

Sensory adaptation can be defined as

voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing consequences are

In Milgram's experiments, participants were torn between pleas of the learner or demands of the ___

__is unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Cognitive dissonance refers to the discomfort we feel when our thoughts and behaviors are

The participants in Philip Zimbardo's simulated prison study

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally, naturally and automatically triggers a response

When sensory receptors convert different forms of energy into neural signals

On several occasions Sara intentionally used cigarettes to inflict painful but non–life-threatening burns on her arms.

___is the tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the CS

idea that indiv. characteristics combine with environ. stressors + or - the likelihood of developing a disorder

The bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the

sensory analysis starts at the entry level,works up to the integration of sensory info in brain.

anxiety dis. characterized by constant, excessive, and unjustified anxiety about wide range of issues and circumstances

The process of learning associations between a stimulus and a response

Reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are major symptoms of

 Obsessions are

 Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths of lines

 just-world phenomenon

Mirror neurons in the brain's_ are believed to be the neural basis for observational learning

 What were the basic results of psychologist Stanley Milgram's original obedience study?

Antisocial personality disorder

two or more weeks with either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure, +5 additional symptoms

A psychological disorder is a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance

feelings based on beliefs. They predispose people to react in a particular way to objects, people, and events.

The reciprocity norm refers to the expectation that people should

The hopeless and passive resignation humans and other animals learn when they experience uncontrollable painful events 

Cognitive dissonance theory was proposed by

 The chameleon effect involves

characterized by inflexible, enduring, and socially maladaptive behavior patterns are called__disorders

is an unjustifiable, usually negative attitude toward a group and its members

A state of no apparent emotions or feelings among those with schizophrenia

Forgetting a smell after about 10 mins of exposure

____ ____ are culturally provided mental files for how to act.

The acquisition of mental info by observing events, watching others, or by means of language

Any event or situation that evokes a response is a(n)

 Rumination is

Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior.

The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina