There are 4 possible features of variables. They are...

Identity, magnitude, equal intervals, absolute zero

What is an appropriate way to report a statistical model?

The effect was statistically significant

Qualitative designs use...

Descriptive representations of information

A population-based sample...

Represents the strcuture of the underlying population

Error in statistical models...

Is important to measure, report and interpret

Quasi-experimental designs...

Variables not manipulated; ppts assigned based on nonrandom criteria

It is critical in psychological research to operationalise key terms because...

The reader needs to know what is actually being studied

A good experimental research design does what?

Minimises plausible alternative explanations

Type 1 error reflect x, and type 2 errors reflect y. What are x and y, respectively?

False positives and false negatives

What is NOT a step in Null Hypothesis Testing?

Formulate an interpretation of the data before analysis

Experimental designs are characterised by...

Manipulation of at least one variable and randomisation

We use the terms independent variable and dependent variable for....

Experimental and quasi-experiential designs

The probability (p) value is...

The probability of getting a sample as or more extreme as our own

What three factors affect statistical power?

Sample size, effect size, type 1 error rate

Most psychological research is on western, educated, industrialised, rich and democratic (WEIRD) samples. This means...

That generalisation is very limited

We may be able to infer causality if...

We employ an experimental design

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PASS IRM Recap (so far)

36 termsStudBud Administration7 plays

Up to Week 7 Content (2024)

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Questions 36

Answers

1
A normal distribution has a...
Platykurtic distribution
A mean that is far from the mode
Positive skew
Bell shape
2
A variable is also known as a...
Factor
Constant
Choice
Binary piece of information
3
There are 4 possible features of variables. They are...
Identity, magnitude, equal intervals, changeable zero
Identity, magnitude, equal intervals, absolute zero
Masking, magnitude, equal intervals, absolute zero
Masking, magnitude, equal intervals, changeable zero
4
What is an appropriate way to report a statistical model?
There was a trend for significance
The effect was nearly significant
The effect approached significance
The effect was statistically significant
5
Height data has been collected from preschool students, how the data differs is referred to as...
Unknown error
Inferential information
Empirical factors
Variance
6
We use the terms predictor variable and outcome variable in...
When doing ANOVAs
Quasi-experimental research
Experimental research
Observational research
7
You are writing a research report. What is NOT a Method sub-section heading?
Participants
Measures
Conclusion
Statistical Approach
8
T/F This a cross-sectional study: The Adl netball team selfreport their depression levels after their 1st game of season
False
True
9
Qualitative designs use...
Numbers
Descriptive representations of information
Numerical representations of information
Only cross-sectional designs (not longitudinal)
10
A population-based sample...
Is more biased than clinic samples
Is typically recruited through social media
Represents the strcuture of the underlying population
Can't be randomly sampled
11
What can't we do with statistics?
Neutrality
Predict
Decide
Describe
12
Samples in psychological research are typically...
Unbiased
Biased
Population-based
Population-representative
13
Before we develop a hypothesis, we must...
Ensure we have a large effect
Set our p value
Read previous literature
Determine our conclusions
14
Error in statistical models...
Is typically ignored
Is important to measure, report and interpret
Purely reflects measurement error
Is only apparent on rare occasions
15
Leptokurtic means...
Negative skew
Positive kurtosis
Negative kurtosis
Positive skew
16
Quasi-experimental designs...
Manipulate the minority of variables
Manipulate the majority of variables
Do not manipulate variables; ppts are assigned to conditions they select
Variables not manipulated; ppts assigned based on nonrandom criteria
17
Effect size is a measure of...
The significance of the effect
The variability of the effect
The error of the effect
The strength of the effect
18
What is NOT a measure of central tendency?
Mean
Skew
Median
Mode
19
It is critical in psychological research to operationalise key terms because...
The reader may conflate the aim and hypothesis
DVs and IVs are typically correlated
The reader needs to know what is actually being studied
Most variables are not latent
20
A good experimental research design does what?
Guarantees a p value <0.05
Includes multiple measures of each IV and DV
Minimises plausible alternative explanations
Sets a conservative alpha value
21
The alpha value is...
Always 0.05
An alternative measure of effect size
Set before analyses are run
Similar to the p value
22
Integer data are characterised by...
Continuous data
Binary data
Whole numbers
Numbers with decimals
23
Type 1 error reflect x, and type 2 errors reflect y. What are x and y, respectively?
False negatives and false positives
False positives and false negatives
They both reflect false negatives
They both reflect false positives
24
What is NOT a step in Null Hypothesis Testing?
Assess the “statistical significance” (p value) of the result
Formulate a hypothesis that embodies our prediction
Collect some data relevant to the hypothesis
Formulate an interpretation of the data before analysis
25
Data = x + y, where x and y are...
Variance and distribution
Model and error
Distribution and model
Variance and error
26
Experimental designs are characterised by...
Manipulation of at least one variable and randomisation
Conditions and manipulations
Manipulation of at least two variables and randomisation
Allocation to conditions based participant characteristics
27
What is NOT a property of a distribution?
Central tendency
Variability
Information across a dataset
Symmetry
28
Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scales all share what feature?
Masking
Identity
Magnitude
Equal intervals
29
We use the terms independent variable and dependent variable for....
Experimental and quasi-experiential designs
Cross-sectional but not longitudinal designs
Longitudinal but not cross-sectional designs
Observational research
30
The probability (p) value is...
The probability of getting a sample as or more extreme as our own
The probability of the null hypothesis being true
The probability of obtaining the same result % of the time if repeated
The probability that you are making the wrong decision
31
What three factors affect statistical power?
Sample size, effect size, type 1 error rate
Sample size, statistical significance, independence
Sample size, effect size, independence
Sample size, statistical significance, type 1 error rate
32
T/F This a longitudinal study: The wellbeing of the Aus sailing team is measured during the Olympics and 1 month after
True
False
33
Statistical significance is NOT...
Based on a relatively arbitrary cut-off point
Determined by comparing the p value with the alpha value
A measure of effect size
A dichotomous assessment
34
Most psychological research is on western, educated, industrialised, rich and democratic (WEIRD) samples. This means...
That generalisation is very limited
That Universities in developing countries haven't published their findings
Educated people show the same pattern of responses as non-educated people
That findings reflect most of the world's population
35
We may be able to infer causality if...
We set a conservative alpha value
We employ an experimental design
We employ a longitudinal design
We employ an observational design
36
You are writing a research report. What would be an INAPPROPRIATE reference source?
Wikipedia
Psychology and Aging
Journal of Applied Psychology
Psychological Bulletin

PASS IRM Recap (so far) Flashcards | StudBud