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Virology Exam 1
What is the role of the capsid
How is infectivity is measured?
Virology Exam 1
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1
How is infectivity is measured?
quantitative assays
cell cultures
embryonated eggs
flow cytometry
2
What is the role of the capsid
Protect fragile nuclei genome from physical, chemical and enzymatic damage
it does nothing
Destroy the nuclei
Play role in initiating infection
3
A relative measure of the pathogenicity of an infecting virus is known as
Virulence
Infectious
Susceptibility
Pathogenicity
4
What is associated with an inapparent infection
Host debilitation
Host resistance
Low infectious dose
Infection of a reservoir host
5
What is the correct legs to inject cat vaccines to avoid vaccine induced sarcomas
Leukemia=left hind leg
Leukemia=left front leg
Rabies=left hind leg
Rabies=Right hind leg
6
What allows for the mechanism of perpetuation in host
Avian vectors
Arthropod vectors
Temperature
Vertical transmission in some cases
7
What are the criteria for selection of a test
Specificity
Sensitivity
Speed
Complexity
8
What characteristics define an ideal vaccine
effective and long lasting immunity
Not heat stable
Broad-spectrum protection
Don't overcome colostral immunity
9
What is a reservoir host
Natural host of a virus
Host that is severely infected but levels of viremia too low
Host that harbors infection and spreads to others
Host that lives in a reservoir
10
What is pathogenesis?
The ability of a virus to cause disease
The manner of development of disease
Relative measure of pathogenicity of the infecting virus
Infectivity and transmissibility
11
What influences the outcome of viral exposure/infection
Virulence of infecting particles
Number of infecting particles
Degree of cellular damage
Method of transmission
12
Where do neurotrophic viruses replicate?
primary sites
tertiary sites
Secondary sites
13
Pathogenesis is the ability of the virus to cause disease?
False
True
14
Viral exposure is influenced by
effectiveness of host defenses
degree of damage caused
route of transmission
Speed of replication
15
What type of vaccine produces longer lasting immunity
Jennerian
Inactivated vaccines
Live attenuated vaccines
Marker vaccines
16
How do Viruses Replicate?
Only in cells with specific attachment sites
Inside cells
Outside cells
In your mom
17
What is the goal of vaccine use
Kill animals
Eradication or elimination of disease
have fun with needles
Reduce severity through herd immunity
18
Which principal type of infection is limited to site of entry?
Localized infections
Systemic infections
Secondary infections
Primary infections
19
What are some effects of viruses on the host animal
Direct damage
Disease
Disruption of normal cell function
Immediate death of animal
20
Which structures are part of a virus?
Response to Humidity
Passive Aggressive
PH in Sensitive
Heat Sensitive
21
Which are properties of a Virus
Ph sensitive
Passive Agressive
Responses to humidity
Heat Sensitive
22
What Vaccine is useful in determining a natural infection vs vaccination?
Recombinant Vaccine
Nonadjuvanted Vaccine
Modified Live Vaccine
Marker Vaccine
23
The ability to cause disease is known as
Pathogenicity
Virulence
Infectious
Suceptibility
24
Which diagnostic techniquestion are cost effective
Metagenomics
Virus isolation
ELISA
PCR
25
Who is best known for his work developing the rabies vaccine
Louis Pasteur
P. Frisch
Robert Koch
Salk and Sabin
26
What is the difference between a persistent and latent infection
Persistent infection lasts for a short period of time
Latent infection happens right away on infection
Latent infection is activated intermittently
Persistent infection lasts for long periods of time
27
What epidemiological grouping of viruses is usually acquired by ingestion?
Arboviruses
Oncogenic viruses
Repiratory viruses
Enteric
28
Pathogenicity is synonomous with disease
False
True
29
Concept of vaccination came about during the smallpox epidemic. Who are two historical figures involved its eradication?
Edward Jenner
Lady Montagu
Sir Elton John
Gregor Mendal
30
What is an example of viral antigen detection
ELISA
Metagenomics
PCR
Electron microscopy
31
What two virus shapes are symmetrical
Helical
Complex
Isometric
Filamentous
32
An example of a localized infection is canine parvovirus
True
False
33
Examples of host factors include
immunity
net worth
genetics
age
34
Where can cellular transformation occur?
Outside the cell
in the cytoplasm or nucleus forming inclusions
where cells pile up forming giant cells
where they die
35
What are advantages of an inactivated vaccine
inexpensive
Single dose may be effective
Stable
No problem with viral interference
36
What are examples of horizontal transmission
Direct contact
Milk
Airborne
Mother to child
37
What are factors influencing pathogenesis
Genetics
Other infections
Sex
Age
38
How does metagenomics work
construct a library of recomb vectors
Dilute serum
Produce a genetic tree to obtain info about diversity of genes
Enzyme temperature sensitive that detects only known sequences
39
In resistance of virus to the environment, what are two survival factors?
Highly infectious transmission
Fomite transmission
Direct transmission
Transmission in meat products
40
Immunomigration technology is also known as
Immunohistochemistry
Lateral Flow Device
Immunofluorescence
ELISA
41
What are Koch's postulates?
The agent must be isolated from the host and grown in vitro
The agent must be present in every case of the disease
disease reproduced when pure cultivated agent introduced into ahealthy host
The same agent must again be recoverable from the newly infected host
42
How does a neurotrophic virus get to its target
Move towards CNS
Stays on the surface
Moves away from CNS
Moves to the butt
43
Which mechanism of transmission allows a virus to cross species barriers ?
Nosocomial transmission
Zoonotic transmission
Fomite transmission
Arthropod transmission
44
What is included in the definition of epidemiology of diseases in a population
Distribution
Dunkin donuts
Determinants
Dynamics
45
What epidemologic viral grouping is acquired by close contact, injection, fomites or unknown means?
Arboviruses
Respiratory viruses
Enteric
Oncogenic
46
What is a localized infection?
spreads to various organ systems
Limited to the site of entry of the virus
i dont know
Depends on viral tropism
47
Which technique of virus isolation can reconize characteristic cytopathic effects
Cell culture
Embryonated eggs
48
Viral host factors include the follow
Exposure
Genetics
Age
Immunity
49
Another word for inapparent infection
induction of cancer
subclinical disease
Acute clinical disease
chronic progressive disease
50
An example of a systemic infection is canine distemper
True
False
51
What are some examples of recombinant vaccines
Pox vaccines
Bovine rhinotracheitis vaccine
Canine distemper vaccine
Canarypox vectored vaccine
52
What is an example of an enteric virus
Herpes
Parvovirus
Rotavirus/coronavirus
Rabies
53
Why should viral diagnosis be quick and accurate
Economically important
Identify zoonotic diseases
allows for effective control of disease
It doesnt have to be quick and accurte
54
What are the different techniques for virus detection in specimens
Characteristic Gene sequence
Virus isolation
Viral antigen detection
Virus visualization
55
What are the 3 main parts of virus structure
Nucleic acids
Envelope (sometimes)
Capsid
Enzymes
