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AP Psychology: Unit 5 Cognition Jones Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology: Unit 5 Cognition Jones
AP Psychology: Unit 5 Cognition Jones
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1
Adding salt to a meal slowly until you can taste the proportional change illustrates
gate-control theory
absolute threshold
olfactory sense
difference threshold
2
After hearing that my child is a ballplayer, you assume I have a son, not a daughter. This is:
Confirmation Bias
Belief preserverance
Representative Heuristics
Availability Heuristics
3
Who is incorrectly matched with their research?
Freud; repression
Herman Ebbinghaus; nonsense syllables
Benjamin Lee Whorf; linguistic determinism
Wolfgang Kohler; serial position effect
4
Phonemes are best defined as:
A special form of communication
The smallest meaningful combination of sounds in a language
The basic sounds of consonants and vowels
Something that specifi es the meaning of words and phrases
5
Which structure is found in the inner ear?
cochlea
auditory nerve
tympanic membrane
pinna
6
Noam Chomsky’s language theory included the idea that:
Children make the same grammatical errors as their parents.
Children learn language through reinforcement
Language development occurs between the ages of 3 and 5
Children have an innate mental grammar.
7
Rules of grammar can best be defined as:
syntax, grammar, morphology
phonemes and morphemes
forming sentence that range from 3 to 8 words
speaking in sentences that are stated in different ways
8
A survey showed that 75% of ppl like plants, but only 15% of them like botany, this is due to
insight
the framing effect
confirmation bias
analogies
9
The part of the brain most responsible for making decisions is the
prefontal cortex
amygdala
corpus callosum
thalamus
10
Which of the following is not supported by the Whorf relativity hypothesis?
The language a person speaks determines what a person thinks
If language affects info storage, it affects our thoughts
If language lacks expression, the idea will likely not occur
Evidence supports that language has inborn tendencies
11
Which of the following is an opiate?
heroin
nicotine
cocaine
caffine
12
When he was 40, AJ was asked to recall his 14th birthday, which type of memory is this example?
episodic
procedural
encoding
semantic
13
Ronnie hit his head when he was fifteen and was unable to process new memories. What is this?
Anterograde amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
Consolidation
Retroactive interference
14
Which is NOT true of babbling?
it is tied to fast mapping of new vocabulary
it begins around the age of six months
it is the same in all cultures
it is an imitation of adult speech
15
Dr. Tallway believes that children learn language based on reinforcement. He agrees with
Gardner
Skinner
Chomsky
Piaget
16
What is consolidation?
the process by which stimuli become neural signals
a problem-solving strategy for transformation
stimulation entering sensory memory
the process by which memory enters storage
17
What type of memory has info about how to do things like ride a bike, tie shoes or hit a ball
procedural
episodic
explicit
semantic
18
Which of the following is incorrect about rehearsal in short-term memory?
Visual sensory memory lasts 3-5 seconds
Effortful processing can consolidate memories
Phonological loop involves acoustic encoding
Visuospatial sketchpad involves iconic encoding
19
Scientists are trained to review any inconsistencies with their hypothesis in order to avoid
confirmation bias
the framing effect
naturalistic observation
functional fixedness
20
Rudy is 6'6 and 220lbs, I think that he is more likely a basketball player than a chess player
availability heuristics
representative heuristics
functional fixedness
overconfidence
21
When Maria's mother drops her off at preschool, Maria says only one word, "Mama." Maria is in
the babbling stage
phoneme stage
two word stage
holophrase stage
22
Analogy: "-ed" is to "oo" as _____________ is to ______________Analogy:
grammar;syntax
morpheme;phoneme
syntax;grammar
phoneme; morpheme
23
Which of the following is an example of the use of the representativeness heuristic?
Breaking a math story problem down into smaller, parts
I assume someone who is laid back w/ long hair is from Cali
Judging a situation by a rule that is not always, true
Solving a problem with a rule
24
When solving an anagram one must try every possible combination of letters, this is an example
a concept
a heuristic
an image
an algorithm
25
Walking up and down the aisles of a store to find your item is a strategy known as
incubation
analogy
heuristics
algorithm
26
Old people are good at focusing, even with many stimuli. This is
repression
blocking
late selection
early selection
27
Which of the following is false regarding our perceptual set?
Prototypes are the best example of a concept
Framing rarely impacts peoples' responses
Scripts are our expectations for how people should act
Schemas are our expectations for the way things should be
28
Procedural knowledge like tying your shoes is stored in which part of the brain
cerbellum
hippocampus
amygdalla
thalamus
29
Mary accidentally called her current boyfriend by her ex-boyfriend's name. This is...
prospective memory
retroactive interference
proactive interference
retrograde amnesia
30
William Wundt's early work led to the theory of
functionalism
structuralism
Gestalt psychology
repression
31
Who is incorrectly matched with their research?
George Miller; chunking
Elizabeth Loftus; framing
George Sperling; forgetting
Lavie; cognitive load
32
What is another name for blocking?
insight
heuristics
chunking
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
33
After seeing a blue car in a commercial, blue is the color I pick out at the dealership
Algorithm
Availability Heuristics
A concept
A prototype
34
This obstacle results from a fixed schema and expectations of how to solve a problem
incubation
heuristic
mental set
algorithm
35
What is the process by which memories are formed and strengthened?
Long-term potentiation
Late selection
Early selection
Stroop effect
36
Who believed that language was part of an inborn communication device?
Chomsky
Loftus
Skinner
Thorndike
37
Grady was in an accident that left him unable to comprehend spoken words. Most likely damage to
Wernicke's area
Motor Cortex
Broca's area
Pons
38
Why would somebody who takes a test while on medication want to take medicine all year long?
Overgeneralization
Mood-congruent memory
Serial position effect
State-dependent memory
39
What is an example of overgeneralization/overregularization?
Calling a cow a "doggie"
Just saying "ball" instead of a sentence
Saying "He throwed the ball"
A child saying "Daddy bye-bye"
40
Which of the following is not an example of overcoming functional fixedness?
A potato is used as a temporary gas cap
A paper clip is used to make earrings
A credit card is used as a bookmark
A math formula is used to solve a math problem.
41
What is the serial position effect?
The use of heuristics to find breakfast at the store
Children overuse grammar rules
People remember items at beginning and end of lists
The wording of questions impact answers
42
The behaviorist who concluded that a child will model aggressive behaviors modeled by adults
Freud
Piaget
Bandura
Whorf
43
Which of the following is an example of functional fixedness?
not using the other end of a fork to butter your toast
calling a tangerine an orange
replacing oil with applesauce when baking a cake
using a blanket as a floor mat
44
Which part of the nervous system allows you to raise your hand to answer a question?
autonomic
somatic
sympathetic
parasympathetic
45
Syntax refers to
rules by which meaning is derived from sentences
rules for ordering words into a sentence
sounds in a word
overall rules of cognition
46
Experts in a field often prefer heuristics to algorithms because heuristics:
guarantee solutions to problems
prevent fixations
prevent mental sets
often save time
47
Wolfgang Kohler's chimpanzees solved problems suddenly using
brainstorming
insight
algorithms
heuristics
48
When Dave injured Broca's area of the brain he had problems
speaking words
understanding words
hearing words
writing words
49
Info received from the senses and then transformed into neural impulses is
consolidation
transduction
sensation
perception
50
Which type of scan uses X-ray technology to examine the structure of the brain?
PET Scan
MRI
CAT Scan
fMRI