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Research Methods
Research Methods
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Questions
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Answers
1
Which of following is an ethical guideline for animals?
Avoid interrupting food/drink patterns
Right to withdraw at any time
Privacy
Deception
2
What is the difference between overt and covert observations?
Overt observ: standardized; covert observ: are varied types of data
Covert observation: visible while overt observations: hidden observations
Covert observations: standardized; overt: are varied types of data
Overt observations are visible while covert is hidden observations
3
Identify an example of an open question?
How many animals does your family have? (1,2,3+)
Evaluate the extent ethical guidelines were obtained in the SP Experiment?
How many hours of sleep do you get per night?
How would you rate your interest in psychology on a scale from 1-10?
4
What is a strength of independent design measures?
Order effects can distort results
The study may be less ethical if participants are harmed
The participant variables are unlikely to distort the effect of the IV
Participants see one level of IV so there is less demand characteristics
5
Which of the following is not an ethical guideline for people?
Informed Consent
Privacy
Deception
Anesthesia when needed
6
What is validity?
Validity is how consistent the data is
Validity is how replicable the study is
Validity is how widely it can be used
Validity is the how well it tests what is it is supposed to test
7
What is one similarity between a field and laboratory experiment?
Both are low in ecological validity
Both are conducted in a controlled environment
The independent variable is manipulated in both methods
Both have exceptional levels of mundane realism
8
What is a cohort?
A fixed set of questions
Study done over a period of time
Comparing people at different ages or stages
A group of participants chosen based on the same characteristics
9
What is a difference between applied and basic research?
Basic: aimed at real world problems; Applied: scientific knowledge
Basic: gaining scientific knowledge; Applied: aimed at real world probs.
Basic: uses applied research; Applied: can't use basic
Basic: practical problems; Applied: Scientific
10
Which of the following would most likely promote issues regarding reliability?
participant observer reliability
operationalized definitions
mixture of open& closed questions in a questionnaire prior to an experiment
participant variables
11
What is the strength of quantitative data?
The data can be subjective
Reponses can be limited
Participants can express themselves
The data is typically objective measures
12
Which of the following is not an ethical guideline regarding the well-being of a participant?
Confidentiality
Deception
Informed Consent
Right to Withdraw
13
Which of the following research methods presents problems with ecological validity?
Field Experiment
Quasi- experiment
Naturalistic Observation
Laboratory Experiment
14
What is the definition of behavior?
Science that focuses on observable behavior
The scientific study of mental processes
Convert activity of our minds
Outward or overt actions and reactions
15
Which of the following is a positive correlation?
0.0
-0.2
-1
1
16
What is an operational definition?
variable that is manipulated
The subjects that are assigned to a condition
variable of interest that allows it to be directly measured
variable is measured
17
Which response correctly defines control group in a study?
Participants who aren't given the DV
A level of the I.V. in an experiment from which the I.V. itself is absent
.Subjects in an experiment who are not subjected to the IV
Subjects in an experiment who are subjected to the independent variable
18
Identify the hypothesis type: An increase in “X”, leads to a decrease in “Y”.
Directional
Non-directional
Null
Alternative
19
If participants are chosen after a related study due to availability, what sampling technique would this be known as?
Stratified Sampling
Volunteer Sampling
Random Sampling
Opportunity Sampling
20
What is the main advantage of repeated design measures?
Participants only see on level of IV
Each person acts as their own baseline
The pairs are as similar as possible
Availability of matching pairs may be limited
21
Which of these is not an experimental design?
Matched Pairs Design
Independent Design Measures
Volunteer Sample
Repeated Design Measures
22
What is NOT a strength of matched pairs design?
Participants see one lev. of IV reducing effect of dem. characteristics
There are no order effects
One participants withdrawal can alter data.
Availability of matching pairs may be limited
23
Which is not an example of the biological perspective?
Individual differences such as thinking and memory
Emotions explained in terms of the brain
Evolution and genetics
Behavior, cognitions, and emotions scan be explained
24
Which measure of central tendency finds the most frequent score?
Range
Mean
Median
Mode
25
Which question example would fit a structured interview?
“Explain how you chose your dog's name”
“Tell me about yourself”
“What are you most proud of in your career”
“Describe the ideal...”
