the electrons are held in place by:

the positive charge of the protons

linear energy transfer is defined as

the ability of radiation to transfer energy into tissue

the electromagnetic spectrum represents:

the vast spectrum from xrays to radiowaves

radiation dosimeters must be issued to every radiation worker; which of the following is true

these are personal dosimeters and must not be shared with other workers

in x-ray technology, potential difference refers to the difference between:

the charge between the cathode and the anode of the x-ray tube

x-rays and gamma rays are

low LET with higher penetrability

describe the anode heel effect

intensity of radiation > on cathode side than anode

rectifiers are used in the x-ray circuit to ensure that:

the current flows through the x-ray tube in a continuous direction

contains sensitive elements that absorb radiation and store some of the energy in the form of excited electrons.

optically stimulated luminescence

direct current is necessary to produce xrays, the current must flow through the xray tube

from cathode to anode without interruption

leaded aprons are composed of thin sheets of leaded rubber; which of the following is true?

the sheets of rubber are fragile and will split apart over time

the filament circuit is used to:

boost the current to the xray transformer

the radiation worker is described as:

a worker who works w radiation during his or her normal duties

what is the purpose of the rotating anode

dissipate heat effect of electrons as they hit the target

an employer is legally bound to instruct new employees that:

there is equipment that produces radiation on site

x-rays are described as

causing electrical changes in photographic film

matter and energy are basic to every substance on earth. which of the following statement is true?

the principle characteristic of matter is mass or weight

radiation exposure to vet workers is usually due to:

scattered and secondary radiation

what is the thermionic emission?

boiling off of electrons from the filament

heat builds up on the anode and must be dissipated by

a rotating anode and a tungsten alloy target

an element is the smallest part of a substance. which of the following statements is true?

the smallest part of an element is an atom

what is the first step in creating x-rays?

boiling electrons off the filament of the cathode

describe the cathode:

negative charged electrode w/n x-ray tube

studbud

week 1: radiology

78 termsStudBud Administration76 plays

radiobiology/radiation protection: chapter 3 lavins radiography for veterinary technicians diagnostic x-ray production: chapter 2 lavins radiography for veterinary technicians basics of atoms and electricity : chapter 1 lavins radiography for veterinary technicians

Flashcards78 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 78

Answers

1
the electrons are held in place by:
their own attachment to the nucleus
the neutral charge of the neutrons
the positive charge of the protons
the ionization of the atom
2
what temperature can anodes reach during multiple exposures?
2370 degrees F
6470 degrees F
3410 degrees F
6170 degrees F
3
the radiation dose that workers are subjected to today is ____ than the ___ doses of early researchers
far higher, high
far higher, low
far less, low
far less, high
4
when radiation strikes a cell, the most vulnerable area is the
mitosis
cell wall
dna
mitochondria
5
a transformer is used to step up or step down electricity; it recieves
high wattage and low resistance
high voltage and low amperage
high amperage and low voltage
low wattage and high resistance
6
linear energy transfer is defined as
the ability of radiation to affect tissue
the ability of radiation to affect dna
the ability of radiation to transfer energy into tissue
the type of energy available only through radioactive disintegration
7
the rotor circuit is responsible to activate
the internal rectifiers
the x-ray filamnet
the production of x-rays
the rotating anode
8
the cathode compromises ___ and ___
rotating and stationary
focusing cup and filament
heel effect and focal spot
alternating and direct currents
9
demonstrates radiation exposures by measuring intensity of light emitted from crystal w/in detector when crystals heated
optically stimulated luminescence
thermolominescent
stochastic
deterministic
10
____ have a negative charge
none of the above
electrons
neutrons
protons
11
______ anodes are portable with no rotation/sound. (dental) (fluoroscopY)
alternating
stationary
direct
rotating
12
the electromagnetic spectrum represents:
the intensity of light and the darkness of radiation
the color wheel and the electrical properties of light
electricity, wavelength and frequency
the vast spectrum from xrays to radiowaves
13
what is the ratio of heat to x-rays produced during exposure?
1% heat and 99% x-rays
10% heat and 90% x-rays
1% x-rays and 99% heat
10% x-rays and 90% heat
14
bone is much denser than fat so it absorbs more radiation than fat
False
True
15
radiation dosimeters must be issued to every radiation worker; which of the following is true
these are personal dosimeters and must not be shared with other workers
they can be shared by people who job-share
personal dosimeters should be hung up in the xray rooms when not in use
they should be taken homeat the end of each shift to ensure they are safe
16
in x-ray technology, potential difference refers to the difference between:
the power ratings of 2 different x-ray units
technical factors used with large dogs compared with cats
the charge between the cathode and the anode of the x-ray tube
voltage and the amperage in an electric circuit
17
bones are white on x-rays b/c bone is denser than fat & it absorbs radiation reaching it;prevents image receptor exposed
True
False
18
x-rays and gamma rays are
low LET with low penetrability
high LET with high penetrability
low LET with higher penetrability
high LET with low penetrability
19
describe the anode heel effect
intensity of radiation < on cathode side than anode
physical area of target bombarded by electrons
electrons impact the anode
intensity of radiation > on cathode side than anode
20
energy can be represented by both:
waves and particles
mass and matter
waves and frequencies
matter and waves
21
occurs during the prod. of x-rays when projectile electron completely avoids the orbital electrons of tungsten atom
line focus princaple
anode heel effect
thermionic emmision
bremsstrahlung
22
late occurring effects are evident long after the damage has occurred. they are:
nonstochastic effects
radiation effects
stochastic effects
latent effects
23
______ have a positive charge
none of the above
neutrons
protons
electrons
24
rectifiers are used in the x-ray circuit to ensure that:
the current flows through the x-ray tube in a continuous direction
an alternating current flows through the x-ray tube
the voltage is maintained in the x-ray circuit
a direct current flows in the x-ray circuit
25
what are the two type of anodes available
positive or negative
direct and alternating
b-mode and a -mode
rotating and stationary
26
contains sensitive elements that absorb radiation and store some of the energy in the form of excited electrons.
thermoluminescent dosimeters
cumulative dosimeter
optically stimulated luminescence
stochastic
27
direct current is necessary to produce xrays, the current must flow through the xray tube
from transformer circuit directly to the xray tube
from anode to cathode with interruption
from the filament circuit to the anode in one direction only
from cathode to anode without interruption
28
the cathode in the x-ray tube is a coiled ___. it is made of ______
wire, tungsten
tube, tungsten
wire, copper
tube, aluminum
29
leaded aprons are composed of thin sheets of leaded rubber; which of the following is true?
the leaded apron should be hung up when not in use
the rubber is flexible and not likely to split it folded
the sheets of rubber are fragile and will split apart over time
the rubber is heavy and does not react to bending or splitting
30
which type of anode is used for small animals usually mounted
rotating
stationary
direct
alternating
31
the filament circuit is used to:
boost the current to the xray transformer
increase the current to the collimator light
increase the intensity of the electron beam
send voltage to the cathode to heat it
32
main component in the circuit that produces the x-rays.
cathode
thermionic emmision
filament
x-ray tube
33
the radiation worker is described as:
a worker who does not work a radiation but may be exposed w it
a worker who works w radiation during his or her normal duties
the employer of people who work with radiation
a person who works in the same building where radiation is produced
34
what is the purpose of the rotating anode
describes how electrons interact with anode and change direction
sets sequence of events in motion to produce the x-ray exposure
dissipate heat effect of electrons as they hit the target
provides voltage requested when kV set on control panel
35
an employer is legally bound to instruct new employees that:
they are not obligated to work with radiation
they are in a facility where there is radiation source for radiography
there is radiation source but they will not be exposed to it
there is equipment that produces radiation on site
36
energy as particles is represented as:
individual movements of atoms within a substance
units of motion or as packets
particles within the nucleus of the atom
waves with frequencies and structure
37
x-rays are described as
visible through a lens during x-ray exposure
electrically neutral unless they are emitted from a charged source
causing electrical changes in photographic film
invisable, but they travel in straight lines at the speed of light
38
coiled wire that's a source of electrons during x-ray production
x-ray tube
cathode
filament
anode
39
who discovered x-rays
Robert Hooke
robert boyle
charles darwin
Wilhelm Roentgen
40
what is the annual occupational radiation exposure limit
50 mSv
100 mSv
150 mSv
0.50 mSv
41
matter and energy are basic to every substance on earth. which of the following statement is true?
matter represents motion and frequency
the principle characteristic of matter is mass or weight
energy cannot be created out of atoms and molecules
the principle characteristics of energy are time and space
42
the high frequency x-ray unit is ____ efficient than a/an ___ unit
less, equine mobile
less, single-phase
more, single-phase
less, three phase
43
the part through which the xrays exit the tube
window
glass envolope
filament
focusing cup
44
radiation exposure to vet workers is usually due to:
scattered and primary radiation
primary and secondary radiation
scattered and secondary radiation
secondary and stochastic radiation
45
x-rays produced when ____ electrons are attracted to ___ by an electromagnetic force
negative, a positive anode
negative a negative cathode
positive, a positive anode
positive, a negative anod
46
what is the thermionic emission?
produces an electron cloud when current is applied
intensity of radiation greater on the cathode side than on the anode side
boiling off of electrons from the filament
electrons directly impact this part to produce x-rays
47
heat builds up on the anode and must be dissipated by
a rotating anode or a thick copper stem
a rotating anode and a tungsten alloy target
a long tungsten stem and a rhodium filter
a rotating anode and aluminum coil
48
an element is the smallest part of a substance. which of the following statements is true?
electrons circle the element in random order
the element is combined with a proton
the element is composed of neutrons and particles
the smallest part of an element is an atom
49
what is the first step in creating x-rays?
boiling electrons off the filament of the anode
boiling electrons off the filament of the cathode
50
describe the anode:
produces an electron cloud when current is applied
an electrode with a (+) charge
an electrode with (-) charge
an electrode with no charge
51
describe the cathode:
coiled tungsten wire
an electrode with a positive charge
sets sequence of events in motion to produce the x-ray exposure
negative charged electrode w/n x-ray tube
52
radiation workers should always reduce radiation doses by following the
the least dose principle
the no dose-image gently formula
the principle of radiation doses
ALARA principle
53
coiled _____wire that's source of electrons during x-ray production
titanium
tungsten
thorium
platinum
54
_____ has no charge and boils off by application of heat
none of the above
electrons
protons
neutrons
55
what structure provides the voltage requested when kV is set on the control panel?
rectifiers
exposure siwtch
autotransformer
focal spot
56
if there is damage to the dna, one of the outcomes is
cell death from damage to the entire cell
cell damage disrupting the cells walls
cell death from other effects
no change b/c the dna can mend itself
57
how is the current in an x-ray generator labeled?
seconds
Milliamperage
sV
kV
58
what is the cumulative occupational radiation exposure limit
10 mSv x age
50 mSv x ageg
100 mSv x age
20 mSv x age
59
shielding of radiography rooms is essential in all installations; which of the following is true?
this applies to only dental and nuclear medicine suites
most radiation therapy suits are excused from this regulation
this applies to all imaging suites where ionizing radiation is used
this applies to only units that use over 90 kilovolts
60
the anode rotates in order to
decrease the size of teh focal spot to form a clearer image
dissipate the heat emitted in teh production of x-rays
increase the size of teh focal spot and increase contrast
dissipate the heating effect of the electrons as they hit the target
61
the thick end should always go on the ____ side
cathode, left
anode, left
anode, right
cathode, right
62
physical area of target bombarded by electrons during x-ray production
focal spot
focal spot bloom
exposure switch
line focus principle
63
small part of an element protons, neutrons in nucleus
atoms
matter
photons
electrons
64
describe the x-ray tube
sets sequence of events in motion to produce the x-ray exposure
energy converter. receives electrical energy, converts to x-ray and heat
power generated activated xray circuit
produces electron cloud when current is applied
65
the most susceptible tissue is tissue that is rapidly dividing; which of the following is true?
postpubertal adolescents would be highly affected.
this includes the tissue in a 2- to 10- week fetus
this includes the healing of surgical wounds
prepubertal children would be most affected
66
what is the thickness required of lead gloves
50 mm of lead at 150
0.25 mm of lead at 150 kv
25 mm of lead at 150 kv
0.50 mm of lead at 150
67
what are the two main components of the tube
rotor and stator
filaments and focusing cup
cathode and anode
evacuated glass bottle and fliament
68
what is the thickness required of lead aprons
0.5 mm of lead at 150 kv
0.25 mm of lead at 150 kv
50 mm of lead at 150 kv
5 mm of lead at 150 kv
69
3 methods of radiation protection are
time, LET, shielding
distance, leaded aprons, and leaded gloves
time, distance, and shielding
time, inverse square law, and distancec
70
the purpose of the transformer is to:
transform the voltage to enable the unit to power up
maintain the voltage and decrease the current
increase the voltage in a step up transformer
decrease the voltage in a step up transformer
71
this part directs the electrons toward the anode
focusing cup
focal spot
filament
anode target
72
which type of radiation effect causes late term effects like cancer or cataracts?
stochastic effects
thermoluminescent effect
all of the above
deterministic effects
73
what is frequency?
absorbed dose of x-ray energy
electrical potential between the cathode and anode
# of waves passing a given point per given unit of time
a photostimulable phosphor plate used to capture image
74
when were x-rays discovered?
1885
1985
1895
1925
75
photons are described as:
negatively charged electrons in the nucleus or the atom
electromagnetic radiation that has no electrical charge
negatively charged protons within the nucleus of the atoms
electromagnetic radiation that has a positive electrical charge
76
the exposure switch must ____ and ____
activate a 2 stage exposure, will not reexpose until the door is closed
terminate exposure completed, must not reexpose until switch is released
be depressed to activate exposure, will continue to expose until released
expose only correct factors set, must not reexpose until switch is released
77
isotopes are variants of elements. they have differing numbers of:
protons
nuclei
neutrons
electrons
78
a sinusoidal wave represents x-ray energy as waves. which of the following statements is true?
it is uneven wave so cannot be measured
it contains the energy of the x-ray beam
it has frequency and amplitude in its definition
it represents the motion of the x-ray timer

week 1: radiology Flashcards | StudBud

week 1: radiology

78 termsStudBud Administration76 plays

Flashcards78 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 78

Answers

1
the electrons are held in place by:
their own attachment to the nucleus
the neutral charge of the neutrons
the positive charge of the protons
the ionization of the atom
2
what temperature can anodes reach during multiple exposures?
2370 degrees F
6470 degrees F
3410 degrees F
6170 degrees F
3
the radiation dose that workers are subjected to today is ____ than the ___ doses of early researchers
far higher, high
far higher, low
far less, low
far less, high
4
when radiation strikes a cell, the most vulnerable area is the
mitosis
cell wall
dna
mitochondria
5
a transformer is used to step up or step down electricity; it recieves
high wattage and low resistance
high voltage and low amperage
high amperage and low voltage
low wattage and high resistance
6
linear energy transfer is defined as
the ability of radiation to affect tissue
the ability of radiation to affect dna
the ability of radiation to transfer energy into tissue
the type of energy available only through radioactive disintegration
7
the rotor circuit is responsible to activate
the internal rectifiers
the x-ray filamnet
the production of x-rays
the rotating anode
8
the cathode compromises ___ and ___
rotating and stationary
focusing cup and filament
heel effect and focal spot
alternating and direct currents
9
demonstrates radiation exposures by measuring intensity of light emitted from crystal w/in detector when crystals heated
optically stimulated luminescence
thermolominescent
stochastic
deterministic
10
____ have a negative charge
none of the above
electrons
neutrons
protons
11
______ anodes are portable with no rotation/sound. (dental) (fluoroscopY)
alternating
stationary
direct
rotating
12
the electromagnetic spectrum represents:
the intensity of light and the darkness of radiation
the color wheel and the electrical properties of light
electricity, wavelength and frequency
the vast spectrum from xrays to radiowaves
13
what is the ratio of heat to x-rays produced during exposure?
1% heat and 99% x-rays
10% heat and 90% x-rays
1% x-rays and 99% heat
10% x-rays and 90% heat
14
bone is much denser than fat so it absorbs more radiation than fat
False
True
15
radiation dosimeters must be issued to every radiation worker; which of the following is true
these are personal dosimeters and must not be shared with other workers
they can be shared by people who job-share
personal dosimeters should be hung up in the xray rooms when not in use
they should be taken homeat the end of each shift to ensure they are safe
16
in x-ray technology, potential difference refers to the difference between:
the power ratings of 2 different x-ray units
technical factors used with large dogs compared with cats
the charge between the cathode and the anode of the x-ray tube
voltage and the amperage in an electric circuit
17
bones are white on x-rays b/c bone is denser than fat & it absorbs radiation reaching it;prevents image receptor exposed
True
False
18
x-rays and gamma rays are
low LET with low penetrability
high LET with high penetrability
low LET with higher penetrability
high LET with low penetrability
19
describe the anode heel effect
intensity of radiation < on cathode side than anode
physical area of target bombarded by electrons
electrons impact the anode
intensity of radiation > on cathode side than anode
20
energy can be represented by both:
waves and particles
mass and matter
waves and frequencies
matter and waves
21
occurs during the prod. of x-rays when projectile electron completely avoids the orbital electrons of tungsten atom
line focus princaple
anode heel effect
thermionic emmision
bremsstrahlung
22
late occurring effects are evident long after the damage has occurred. they are:
nonstochastic effects
radiation effects
stochastic effects
latent effects
23
______ have a positive charge
none of the above
neutrons
protons
electrons
24
rectifiers are used in the x-ray circuit to ensure that:
the current flows through the x-ray tube in a continuous direction
an alternating current flows through the x-ray tube
the voltage is maintained in the x-ray circuit
a direct current flows in the x-ray circuit
25
what are the two type of anodes available
positive or negative
direct and alternating
b-mode and a -mode
rotating and stationary
26
contains sensitive elements that absorb radiation and store some of the energy in the form of excited electrons.
thermoluminescent dosimeters
cumulative dosimeter
optically stimulated luminescence
stochastic
27
direct current is necessary to produce xrays, the current must flow through the xray tube
from transformer circuit directly to the xray tube
from anode to cathode with interruption
from the filament circuit to the anode in one direction only
from cathode to anode without interruption
28
the cathode in the x-ray tube is a coiled ___. it is made of ______
wire, tungsten
tube, tungsten
wire, copper
tube, aluminum
29
leaded aprons are composed of thin sheets of leaded rubber; which of the following is true?
the leaded apron should be hung up when not in use
the rubber is flexible and not likely to split it folded
the sheets of rubber are fragile and will split apart over time
the rubber is heavy and does not react to bending or splitting
30
which type of anode is used for small animals usually mounted
rotating
stationary
direct
alternating
31
the filament circuit is used to:
boost the current to the xray transformer
increase the current to the collimator light
increase the intensity of the electron beam
send voltage to the cathode to heat it
32
main component in the circuit that produces the x-rays.
cathode
thermionic emmision
filament
x-ray tube
33
the radiation worker is described as:
a worker who does not work a radiation but may be exposed w it
a worker who works w radiation during his or her normal duties
the employer of people who work with radiation
a person who works in the same building where radiation is produced
34
what is the purpose of the rotating anode
describes how electrons interact with anode and change direction
sets sequence of events in motion to produce the x-ray exposure
dissipate heat effect of electrons as they hit the target
provides voltage requested when kV set on control panel
35
an employer is legally bound to instruct new employees that:
they are not obligated to work with radiation
they are in a facility where there is radiation source for radiography
there is radiation source but they will not be exposed to it
there is equipment that produces radiation on site
36
energy as particles is represented as:
individual movements of atoms within a substance
units of motion or as packets
particles within the nucleus of the atom
waves with frequencies and structure
37
x-rays are described as
visible through a lens during x-ray exposure
electrically neutral unless they are emitted from a charged source
causing electrical changes in photographic film
invisable, but they travel in straight lines at the speed of light
38
coiled wire that's a source of electrons during x-ray production
x-ray tube
cathode
filament
anode
39
who discovered x-rays
Robert Hooke
robert boyle
charles darwin
Wilhelm Roentgen
40
what is the annual occupational radiation exposure limit
50 mSv
100 mSv
150 mSv
0.50 mSv
41
matter and energy are basic to every substance on earth. which of the following statement is true?
matter represents motion and frequency
the principle characteristic of matter is mass or weight
energy cannot be created out of atoms and molecules
the principle characteristics of energy are time and space
42
the high frequency x-ray unit is ____ efficient than a/an ___ unit
less, equine mobile
less, single-phase
more, single-phase
less, three phase
43
the part through which the xrays exit the tube
window
glass envolope
filament
focusing cup
44
radiation exposure to vet workers is usually due to:
scattered and primary radiation
primary and secondary radiation
scattered and secondary radiation
secondary and stochastic radiation
45
x-rays produced when ____ electrons are attracted to ___ by an electromagnetic force
negative, a positive anode
negative a negative cathode
positive, a positive anode
positive, a negative anod
46
what is the thermionic emission?
produces an electron cloud when current is applied
intensity of radiation greater on the cathode side than on the anode side
boiling off of electrons from the filament
electrons directly impact this part to produce x-rays
47
heat builds up on the anode and must be dissipated by
a rotating anode or a thick copper stem
a rotating anode and a tungsten alloy target
a long tungsten stem and a rhodium filter
a rotating anode and aluminum coil
48
an element is the smallest part of a substance. which of the following statements is true?
electrons circle the element in random order
the element is combined with a proton
the element is composed of neutrons and particles
the smallest part of an element is an atom
49
what is the first step in creating x-rays?
boiling electrons off the filament of the anode
boiling electrons off the filament of the cathode
50
describe the anode:
produces an electron cloud when current is applied
an electrode with a (+) charge
an electrode with (-) charge
an electrode with no charge
51
describe the cathode:
coiled tungsten wire
an electrode with a positive charge
sets sequence of events in motion to produce the x-ray exposure
negative charged electrode w/n x-ray tube
52
radiation workers should always reduce radiation doses by following the
the least dose principle
the no dose-image gently formula
the principle of radiation doses
ALARA principle
53
coiled _____wire that's source of electrons during x-ray production
titanium
tungsten
thorium
platinum
54
_____ has no charge and boils off by application of heat
none of the above
electrons
protons
neutrons
55
what structure provides the voltage requested when kV is set on the control panel?
rectifiers
exposure siwtch
autotransformer
focal spot
56
if there is damage to the dna, one of the outcomes is
cell death from damage to the entire cell
cell damage disrupting the cells walls
cell death from other effects
no change b/c the dna can mend itself
57
how is the current in an x-ray generator labeled?
seconds
Milliamperage
sV
kV
58
what is the cumulative occupational radiation exposure limit
10 mSv x age
50 mSv x ageg
100 mSv x age
20 mSv x age
59
shielding of radiography rooms is essential in all installations; which of the following is true?
this applies to only dental and nuclear medicine suites
most radiation therapy suits are excused from this regulation
this applies to all imaging suites where ionizing radiation is used
this applies to only units that use over 90 kilovolts
60
the anode rotates in order to
decrease the size of teh focal spot to form a clearer image
dissipate the heat emitted in teh production of x-rays
increase the size of teh focal spot and increase contrast
dissipate the heating effect of the electrons as they hit the target
61
the thick end should always go on the ____ side
cathode, left
anode, left
anode, right
cathode, right
62
physical area of target bombarded by electrons during x-ray production
focal spot
focal spot bloom
exposure switch
line focus principle
63
small part of an element protons, neutrons in nucleus
atoms
matter
photons
electrons
64
describe the x-ray tube
sets sequence of events in motion to produce the x-ray exposure
energy converter. receives electrical energy, converts to x-ray and heat
power generated activated xray circuit
produces electron cloud when current is applied
65
the most susceptible tissue is tissue that is rapidly dividing; which of the following is true?
postpubertal adolescents would be highly affected.
this includes the tissue in a 2- to 10- week fetus
this includes the healing of surgical wounds
prepubertal children would be most affected
66
what is the thickness required of lead gloves
50 mm of lead at 150
0.25 mm of lead at 150 kv
25 mm of lead at 150 kv
0.50 mm of lead at 150
67
what are the two main components of the tube
rotor and stator
filaments and focusing cup
cathode and anode
evacuated glass bottle and fliament
68
what is the thickness required of lead aprons
0.5 mm of lead at 150 kv
0.25 mm of lead at 150 kv
50 mm of lead at 150 kv
5 mm of lead at 150 kv
69
3 methods of radiation protection are
time, LET, shielding
distance, leaded aprons, and leaded gloves
time, distance, and shielding
time, inverse square law, and distancec
70
the purpose of the transformer is to:
transform the voltage to enable the unit to power up
maintain the voltage and decrease the current
increase the voltage in a step up transformer
decrease the voltage in a step up transformer
71
this part directs the electrons toward the anode
focusing cup
focal spot
filament
anode target
72
which type of radiation effect causes late term effects like cancer or cataracts?
stochastic effects
thermoluminescent effect
all of the above
deterministic effects
73
what is frequency?
absorbed dose of x-ray energy
electrical potential between the cathode and anode
# of waves passing a given point per given unit of time
a photostimulable phosphor plate used to capture image
74
when were x-rays discovered?
1885
1985
1895
1925
75
photons are described as:
negatively charged electrons in the nucleus or the atom
electromagnetic radiation that has no electrical charge
negatively charged protons within the nucleus of the atoms
electromagnetic radiation that has a positive electrical charge
76
the exposure switch must ____ and ____
activate a 2 stage exposure, will not reexpose until the door is closed
terminate exposure completed, must not reexpose until switch is released
be depressed to activate exposure, will continue to expose until released
expose only correct factors set, must not reexpose until switch is released
77
isotopes are variants of elements. they have differing numbers of:
protons
nuclei
neutrons
electrons
78
a sinusoidal wave represents x-ray energy as waves. which of the following statements is true?
it is uneven wave so cannot be measured
it contains the energy of the x-ray beam
it has frequency and amplitude in its definition
it represents the motion of the x-ray timer