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Week 2 Part 2 Evidence-based practice Flashcards | StudBud
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Week 2 Part 2 Evidence-based practice
Week 2 Part 2 Evidence-based practice
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Questions
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Answers
1
Q80 Which 2 are true ?
need direct comparison of treatment vs placebo
placebos only work if patients believe they are real
drugs are often more effective than placebos
use 2 grps of ppl: one grp treatment, other grp placebo
2
Q11 💥 What’s d ?
end of treatment assessment
random allocation
baseline assessment
start treatment
recruitment
assessed for eligibility
3
Q5 💥 What’s 3 ?
population
treatment
control
eligible
sample
4
Q37 Is this the cohort study definition ?
False
True
5
Q18 💥 What’s 5 ?
experimental group
control group
sample of participants
results
conclusions
6
Q57 Who conducted SR in wellbeing during 2005 ?
Selma
Selene
Seligman
Selina
7
Q8 💥 What’s a ?
random allocation
start treatment
end of treatment assessment
baseline assessment
assessed for eligibility
recruitment
8
Q4 💥 What’s 2 ?
control
population
sample
eligible
treatment
9
Q12 💥 What’s e ?
assessed for eligibility
start treatment
baseline assessment
random allocation
end of treatment assessment
recruitment
10
Q60 Which 2 are the SR results ?
interventions may lead to life satisfaction, overall wellbeing improvements
affected policy makers in making evidence-based decisions education quality
findings had considerable impact on educational practices, guiding teachers
this influential work contributed to the growing field of positive psy
11
Q7 💥 What’s 5 ?
sample
control
population
eligible
treatment
12
Q67 Which 3 are true ? (Part 1)
internal validation generalisation into external validation
consider if sample is relevant to your person / grp
Evidence level abt the best available evidence - some studies can’t be RCTs
use findings in relation to evidence lvl & possible validity threats
13
Q6 💥 What’s 4 ?
treatment
population
sample
eligible
control
14
Q20 Which 1 is included in expert opinion ?
“wellbeing economy"
includes detailed history of 1 unusual or rare case
John Snow did data collection & mapping of ppl in London outbreak
John Snow, 1854 studied Cholera by gathering data, locations & water source
15
Q36 Smoking & lung cancer study DIDN’T lead to paradigm of public health, initiated world-wide anti-smoking campaigns.
False
True
16
Q70 Which 4 are internal validity ? (Part 2)
Recall bias
Ingroup bias
Process of treatment
Rosenthal effect aka Pygmalion effect
Performance bias
confirmation bias
17
Q17 💥 What’s 4 ?
experimental group
control group
sample of participants
conclusions
results
18
Q71 Fill in the blanks: Placebo effect is improvement due to ___ an intervention / event (could be real or fake).
imagining
organising
supervising
experiencing
19
Q38 Which 3 are pros of cohort study ?
effects on health outcomes exposure
balances risk factors, personality traits, identities b/w the groups
participants randomised to receive one of the treatment arms
more precise estimate of size effect & ⬆ results generalisability
essential insights in long-term
establish cause-&-effect
20
Q23 Case studies include detailed history of 1 unusual or rare case.
False
True
21
Q10 💥 What’s c ?
random allocation
baseline assessment
end of treatment assessment
assessed for eligibility
recruitment
start treatment
22
Q24 What year did Phineas Gage suffer from traumatic brain injury (TBI) ?
1947
1840
1848
1845
23
Q26 Which is Gage’s personality change ?
impulsive, irritable, changes in social behaviour
impatient, irritable, changes in learning behaviour
calm, positive, changes in social behaviour
24
Q29 What year did John Snow study the Cholera outbreak in London ?
1854
1860
1898
1850
25
Q15 💥 What’s 2 ?
experimental group
control group
conclusions
sample of participants
results
26
Q43 What’s the non-randomised control trial definition ?
low-level evidence
health research to find cause-effect relationship b/w treatment & outcome
compares control & treatment grp outcomes
compares a grp of ppl w/ disease (cases) vs a grp w/o disease (controls)
27
Q72 Intervention -not ritual of intervention- produces beneficial effects.
False
True
28
Q73 Research shows placebo improvements in most interventions to be around 30%.
False
True
29
Q44 Which 2 are true about non-randomised control trial ?
study lacks random allocation to either control grp or treatment grp
Limits include: study quality dependence & accuracy trust of raw data
can’t make causal claims (except when aetiology claim requirements are met)
most credible source since is comprehensive & precise in stating outcomes
30
Q69 Which 4 are internal validity ? (Part 1)
Placebo effect
Bias from assessor
Natural recovery or maturation
pseudoscience
Hawthorne effect
Barnum effect
31
Q22 Which 2 define case study / report (n=1 study) ?
no control treatment allocation
requires large sample size & long follow-up periods
often measured before & after an intervention
can be a qualitative OR quantitative evaluation of one case
32
Q61 Meta-analysis (MA) = objective statistical method used to combine, analyse independent studies on specific topics.
False
True
33
Q52 Which 2 are investigated in hormone replacement therapy (hrt) usage of postmentstrual women ?
dopamine
oestrogen
vassopresin
progestin
34
Q31 What did John Snow do with the info ?
medicine discoveries & charting
health outcomes & establish cause-&-effect
data collection & research
data collection & mapping
35
Q79 Treatments are effective when treatment is MORE effective than placebo.
False
True
36
Q66 Evidence level = ‘good’ vs ‘bad’ research
False
True
37
Q39 Which 1 is a con of cohort study ?
conditions required to met aetiological claims aren’t met
unexpected risks in prescribing treatment
can’t make causal claims
requires large sample size & long follow-up periods
38
Q40 When did Framingham Heart Study began ?
1947
1945
1948
1946
39
Q77 Which factor is FALSE in ⬆️ placebo effect ?
big pills work better than small pills
capsules > tablets
coloured pills > white pills
expensive > cheap
good experience > bad experience
brand name labels > generic labels
40
Q14 💥 What’s 1 ?
control group
sample of participants
experimental group
results
conclusions
41
Q63 Which 1 ISN’T a limit of meta-analysis ?
study quality dependence
complexity surrounding methodology & interpretation
accuracy trust of raw data
lack of control treatment allocation
42
Q19 Which 1 is definition of expert opinion ?
low-level evidence resource as have enormous bias capacity
can be a qualitative OR quantitative evaluation of one case
no control treatment allocation
researcher measures participants at beginning, end
43
Q78 Do both therapist & client expectations ⬆️ placebo effects ?
No way
Of course
44
Q51 Which 2 did Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) relied on large-scale, multiple RCTs in its framework to address ?
focused on hormones, lifestyle & vitamins
postmenopausal women’s major health issues
pregnant women’s major health issues
focused on hormones, diet patterns & supplements
45
Q13 💥 What’s f ?
start treatment
recruitment
random allocation
baseline assessment
assessed for eligibility
end of treatment assessment
46
Q25 What damaged was caused by a metal rod piercing Gage’s skull ?
brain temporal lobes
brain occipital lobes
brain frontal lobes
brain parietal lobes
47
Q49
True
False
48
Q34 Which 2 people first showed link b/w smoking & lung cancer ?
Padesky
A. Bradford Hill
Richard Doll
Bas-Sarmiento
49
Q76 Effects exist for only 1 intervention type, which is pills.
False
True
50
Q56 Which 3 are true about systematic review (SR) ?
careful consideration needed to address potential limitations
most credible source as comprehensive, reproducible & precise in outcomes
study has considerable amount on educational practices & policy makers
require substantial resource & expertise ; findings contingent
51
Q16 💥 What’s 3?
sample of participants
control group
experimental group
results
conclusions
52
Q65 What’s the purpose of combining data from more than 800 primary studies ?
to shed light on what is needed for academic success
to change educational practices & guiding teachers
to change policy makers in evidence-based decisions to enhance edu quality
to shed light on vast range of educational factors
53
Q68 Which 3 are true ? (Part 2)
well-designed studies only do claims in scope design (strengths and limits)
incorporate findings w/ your expertise as well as client’s needs & values
‘best evidence’ studies high on hierarchy have high internal validity
intervention ritual, not just intervention, produces beneficial effects
54
Q28 Case series / before & after study have high-level evidence.
False
True
55
Q9 💥 What’s b ?
assessed for eligibility
end of treatment assessment
start treatment
baseline assessment
random allocation
recruitment
56
Q33 When was the link b/w smoking & lung cancer first shown ?
1940
1930
1960
1950
57
Q45 When did US Nurses’ Health Study begin ?
1967
1979
1975
1968
58
Q27 Which 2 define case series / before after study ?
researcher measures participants at beginning, end
no control treatment allocation
comprehensive & transparent literature review
longitudinal study of ppl w/ common experience over an extended period
59
Q21 “Wellbeing economy” -> new economy model prioritise material & $ aspiration over environmental & human wellbeing.
True
False
60
Q32 Which 3 define case-control study ?
researchers look back at past exposure or risk factors of both grps
researchers aim to see if there’s a link b/w exposure & outcome
compares a grp of ppl w/ disease (cases) vs a grp w/o disease (controls)
objective statistical method used to combine & analyse multiple studies
61
Q64 Who did an MA about student learning? And when ?
Hattie, 2007
Hatter, 2009
Hattie, 2008
Hatter, 2006
62
Q30 Which 3 did Snow gathered from ppl affected by cholera ?
locations
exposure
data
water sources
63
Q74 What do placebos help with ?
headaches, agony, depression, panic attacks, asthma, stress relief
migraines, pain, stomachache, headache, anxiety, asthma
headaches, agony, mood swings, anxiety, pain
migraines, pain, depression, anxiety, asthma, hypertension
64
Q3 💥 What’s 1 ?
control
treatment
population
sample
eligible
65
Q50 Which 4 are true about randomised control trial ?
randomisation balance risk factors, personality traits, identities b/w grps
can be a qualitative OR quantitative evaluation of one case
participants randomised to receive one treatment arm (include absence)
estimated treatment difference should be the effect of treatment alone
balancing known & unknown variables
