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History of Psych- Exam 1 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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History of Psych- Exam 1 Review
History of Psych- Exam 1 Review
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1
Which of the following does NOT accurately describe Reflex Action Theory?
Human reflexes require no thought or cognitive process
Descartes viewed human reflexes to be mechanistic in nature
An external stimulus can bring about an involuntary response
Human reflexes are always voluntary, controlled by the mind
2
Which of these demonstrate Fechner's conflict between internal thought and his mechanistic view of the world (Pick 2)
Reflection: forming ideas and recalling past sensory impressions
Sensation: direct sensory input from physical objects (1st experience)
Day view: the universe can be regarded as the standpoint of consciousness
Night view: the entire universe consists of nothing more than inert matter
3
Which radical philosopher opposed his father and argued scientific study of the mind IS possible?
James Mill
John S. Mill
Jonas Mill
Jason Mill
4
"Zeitgeist" refers to...
"Spirit of the Times"- The intellectual and cultural climate of the times
Scientific progress and change due to ideas of unique individuals
"Spirit of the Limes"
Scientific progress and change due to the world's readiness (not person)
5
Which of these are the 2 kinds of experiences that John Locke described to acquire knowledge? (Pick 2)
Night view: the entire universe consists of nothing more than inert matter
Reflection: forming ideas and recalling past sensory impressions
Day view: the universe can be regarded as the standpoint of consciousness
Sensation: direct sensory input from physical objects (1st experience)
6
Which theory supports George Berkeley's belief: the moment you stop perceiving or being perceived- you cease to exist.
Positivism
Materialism
Mentalism
Radicalism
7
______ ______ in observers caused slight recording errors among the hard science fields, leading to perception studies..
Tabula Rasa
Individual Differences
Peer Review
Research Methods
8
Personalistic Theory implies certain events would never occur without the will and charisma of monumental individuals
True
False
9
Extirpation: the act of lesioning (removing) parts of the brain to understand their function
False
True
10
Auguste Comte's idea of Positivism is described best by which of the following? (Pick 2)
The soul is an observable object
Physically observable = Object of Sense Everything else = Nonsense!
Positivism has nothing to do with observation
Positivism only recognizes objectively observable natural phenomena
11
Which scientist investigated the speed of neural impulses (90ft/sec) and researched vision and hearing?
Ernst Weber
Gustav Fechner
David Kinnebrook
Hermann von Helmholtz
12
Define: Ernst's Weber's "Just Noticeable Difference" (JND- 1:4 ratio)
The threshold at which 2 points of stimulation feel distinct
The least amount of change in a stimulus which gives rise to a sensation
The smallest difference that can be detected between 2 physical stimuli
The point of intensity below which no sensation is detected (vice-versa)
13
We can relate Fechner's
Day View
to an
"Artificial Intelligence (AI)"
and his
Night View
to an "
Automata (Robot)"
False
True
14
Which 3 of the following are contextual forces that shaped the history of psychology? (Select as many that apply)
Economic Opportunities
Wars
Famous people
Prejudice & Discrimination
15
Berkeley's Mentalism is the doctrine that all knowledge depends on _______ and the ________. (Pick 2)
Simple ideas
Experiencing person
Sensation
Mental phenomena
16
All of the following is
true
about the current state of Psychology EXCEPT...
Psychology has reached the Paradigmatic Stage
May be more fragmented than at any time in its history
Psychology has a long history and a unified paradigm defining it
Has been described as a sequence of failed paradigms
17
Auguste Comte's idea of Materialism is described best by which of the following? (Pick 2)
Facts of the universe can be understood in terms of physical properties
Facts of the universe can be explained by chemistry and physics
Materialism has nothing to do with experimentation
No comment
18
Mechanism is the view that...
everything can be explained by reducing it down to its base components
the pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation
every act is determined by past events and its therefore predictable
all natural processes can be explained by the laws of physics and chemistry
19
Which of the following are issues with the study of history?
Mistranslations
All of these choices are correct
Details may be altered or left out
Things go unrecorded
20
Define: Gustav Fechner's "Absolute Threshold"
The smallest difference that can be detected between 2 physical stimuli
The least amount of change in a stimulus which gives rise to a sensation
The threshold at which 2 points of stimulation feel distinct
The point of intensity below which no sensation is detected (vice-versa)
21
Rene Descartes believed the
Pituitary Gland
was the point where Mind and Body meet.
True
False
22
Define: Ernst Weber's "2-Point Threshold"
The smallest difference that can be detected between 2 physical stimuli
The threshold at which 2 points of stimulation feel distinct
The point of intensity below which no sensation is detected (vice-versa)
The least amount of change in a stimulus which gives rise to a sensation
23
Which philosopher argued that our minds at birth are a "
tabula rasa,"
or
blank slate
John S. Mill
James Mill
John Locke
George Berkeley
24
James Mill was a "radical mechanist" who theorized... (Pick 2)
the brain acts as a puppet master over the body
the brain can be studied even if it cannot be seen
the brain is nothing more than a machine (like a clock)
the brain's mechanisms are predictable, set in operation by external forces
25
According to Materialism, mental processes can be explained via the anatomical structures of the brain
False
True
26
Personalistic Theory refers to...
The founders of a theory are more important than the contributors (false!)
"Spirit of the Times"- The intellectual and cultural climate of the times
Scientific progress and change attribute to the world's readiness
Scientific progress and change attribute to ideas of unique individuals
27
_____ Mechanism's goal is to break everything down to its basic _____ and physiological mechanisms
Personalistic
Naturalistic
Philosophical
Biological
28
Which country influenced psychology by encouraging peer review, scientific research, and unrestricted curriculum
France
America
England
Germany
29
Which of the following is true about the Mind-Body Problem? (select as many that apply)
Matter: has extension (material substance) and must operate mechanically
Descartes argued the mind and body mutually influence each other
Descartes believed the mind exerted enormous control over the body
Mind: unextended (lacks material substance)
30
According to Empiricism, the mind has innate knowledge and must be recalled through experience
False
True
31
Phrenology: the notion that the shape of one's skull was predictive of their personality and mental skills
True
False
32
Naturalistic Theory implies a theory will come about regardless of the person
False
True
33
Define: Gustav Fechner's "Differential Threshold"
The smallest difference that can be detected between 2 physical stimuli
The threshold at which 2 points of stimulation feel distinct
The least amount of change in a stimulus which gives rise to a sensation
The point of intensity below which no sensation is detected (vice-versa)
34
I am going to do great on this test, no need to stress!
False
True
35
Empiricism is...
all natural processes can be explained by the laws of physics and chemistry
every act is determined by past events and its therefore predictable
the pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation
everything can be explained by reducing it down to its base components
36
Psychology was born from which two fields of study? (Pick 2)
Biology
Chemistry
Philosophy
Physics
37
Which date is considered the birth of Psychology? (DISCLAIMER: Not on the test)
1492 (something about the ocean)
1879 (birth of our campus)
38
According to Empiricism, the mind acquires knowledge through sensory experiences
True
False
39
Naturalistic Theory refers to...
Scientific progress and change due to the world's readiness (not person)
Theorists never come up with similar theories around the same time (false!)
Scientific progress and change due to ideas of unique individuals
"Spirit of the Times"- The intellectual and cultural climate of the times
40
Reductionism is the view that...
everything can be explained by reducing it down to its base components
every act is determined by past events and its therefore predictable
the pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation
all natural processes can be explained by the laws of physics and chemistry
41
Which scientist is considered the Father of Psychophysics and created a formula to measure sensation? (s = k*logR)
Gustav Fechner
Herman von Helmholtz
Ernst Weber
Treston Smith
42
Determinism is the view that...
every act is determined by past events and its therefore predictable
everything can be explained by reducing it down to its base components
all natural processes can be explained by the laws of physics and chemistry
the pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation
43
John Locke's Theory of Association is the notion that knowledge results from linking simple ideas to complex ideas
False
True
44
J.S. Mill believed that complex ideas (formed from simple ideas) combined w/ mental elements creates a new greater sum
False
True
45
Rene Descartes believed the
Pineal Gland
was the point where Mind and Body meet.
False
True
