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AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
Flashcards
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Questions
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Answers
1
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
obsessions
illusions
hallucinations
delusions
2
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
None of the Above
problem-solving theory
activation-synthesis theory
wish fulfillment theory
3
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a forensic psychologist
a social psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a clinical psychologist
4
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
hallucinations
total loss of personal control
resistance to pain
reduction of inhibitions
5
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
hearing a sound
moving a part of his body
smelling an odor
seeing a flash of light
6
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
means
percentiles
correlation coefficients
standard deviation
7
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
a risk-aversion conflict
an approach-approach conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
8
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
been dreaming
not been dreaming
not really been asleep
9
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
functionalism
individualism
attributionism
collectivism
10
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pancreas
thyroid gland
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
11
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
stereotypes
cognitive structuring
schematizing
cultural direction
12
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
13
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender roles
gender stereotypes
gender behaviors
gender differences
14
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
script
schema
semantic network
chunk
15
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
poor police protection
job discrimination experienced by the residents
crowded living conditions
the personal qualities of the residents
16
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he always gets in fights
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he's just like his father
17
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
tie shoe laces
print letters
fear the dark
18
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
a potential score
mental age
a percentile score
19
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
shaping
selection
stimulus discrimination
step-wise conditioning
20
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
self-serving bias
stereotypes
prejudices
attributions
21
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
cochlea
temporal lobe
oval window
stirrup
22
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rat
loud noise
fear reaction
rabbit
23
According to the medical model...
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
24
Framing refers to...
presenting irrelevant information
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
25
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous wakefulness
become aggressive
remain in continuous sleep
become fearful/cautious
26
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
systematic desensitization
psychotherapy
avoidance therapy
aversion therapy
27
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
REM
stage 4
stage 2
stage 1
28
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
give cookie
I eated a cookie
i wanted a cookie
cookie
29
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
transduction capacity
the relative threshold period
30
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
location of injury
spinal cord
thalamus
cortex
31
What is somnambulism?
sleep-walking
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
difficulty remaining asleep
32
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
afferent nerves
autonomic nerves
sympathetic nerves
efferent nerves
33
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
coping mechanisms
defense mechanisms
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
34
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
sensation
perception
attention
processing
35
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
group differences in basic intelligence
changes in testing procedures
a variety of environmental factors
genetic influences on IQ
36
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
brightness
light purity
saturation
color
37
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
38
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
endorphin
acetylcholine
dopamine
serotonin
39
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
instinct theory
drive theory
incentive theory
40
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
magnetic resonance imaging
electrographic tomography
computerized tomography
positron emission tomography
41
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
exposure to light
amount of time awake
42
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
vitreous humor
iris
lens
cornea
43
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a self-report inventory
a deceptive test
a projective test
a behavior rating
44
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring dissent from group members
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
45
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold information for a lifetime
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
put information into long-term memory
46
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
anxiety
mood
personality
schizophrenic
47
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
shared inhibition
attachment probing
strange situation
secure-avoidant
48
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
egocentrism
reversibility
conservation
centration
49
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
gonads
thalamus
pituitary
thyroid
50
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Broca's area
Cannon's area
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
51
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
concrete
postconventional
preconventional
conventional
52
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
dissociative
bipolar
cyclical
unipolar
53
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
54
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
55
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
reiteration
recall
relearning
recognition
56
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
endocrine system
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
57
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-to-top processing
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
58
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
lesioning
stereotaxic inversion
tumor ligation
ESB
59
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a hallucinogen
a sedative
a narcotic
an amphetamine
60
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
partial retrieval
partial storage
complete retrieval failure
complete storage failure
61
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
car-nose
tree-bird
boat-goat
fill-feed
62
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
opiates
prenatals
teratogens
pathogens
63
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
bipolar disorder
anxiety disorders
marital problems
schizophrenia
64
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
observational learning
positive reinforcement
superstitious behavior
classical conditioning
65
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a distinctive attribution
a situational attribution
an external attribution
an internal attribution
66
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
observational learning
classical conditioning
punishment
operant conditioning
67
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
action potentials
antagonists
agonists
neurotransmitters
68
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the confirmation bias
69
A perceptual set implies that...
people often see what they expect to see
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
70
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
medulla
occipital cortex
prefrontal cortex
hypothalamus
71
A valid test is one that...
has been standardized but not normed
is reliable
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
72
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological instability
psychological instability
physiological stability
psychological stability
73
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
encoded
modeled
ablated
74
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a delusion
a phobia
a compulsion
an obsession
75
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
hypnosis
consciousness
perception
76
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
cannabis
narcotics
alcohol
sedatives
77
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
standardized; intelligence
personality; standardized
intelligence; standardized
intelligence; personality
78
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
functionalism
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
behaviorism
79
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
trust vs. mistrust
industry vs. inferiority
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
initiative vs. guilt
80
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
conformity
obedience
cognitive dissonance
groupthink
81
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
82
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
brainstem
reticular formation
limbic system
cerebellum
83
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
unconditioning
extinction
spontaneous remission
84
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
short-term
sensory
intermediate-term
long-term
85
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
creativity
reasoning
intelligence
insight
86
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
crystallized
procedural
episodic
fluid
87
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
panic disorder
fugue
conversion disorder
bipolar disorder
88
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the law of cognitive dissonance
display rules
the reciprocity norm
the principle of collectivism
89
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
sensory memory
just noticeable difference
absolute threshold
subliminal threshold
90
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
were put into a simulated prison
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
91
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
criterion-related validity
predictive validity
content validity
standardized validity
92
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scores
test norms
test scales
test levels
93
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
William James
Wilhelm Wundt
Rene Decartes
G. Stanley Hall
94
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
logical reasoning
physical interaction
abstract operations
systematic hypothesis testing
95
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
escape learning
positive reinforcement
an unconditioned response
avoidance learning
96
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
attitude is to action
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
behavior is to motive
97
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
musical
mechanical
spatial
98
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
platonic
phonemic
mnemonic
morphemic
99
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
parietal lobe
corpus callosum
thalamus
pineal gland
100
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
latency
oral
anal
genital
101
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
investment differentiations
parental investments
social scripts
display rules
102
What is cognitive dissonance?
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
103
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the unconscious
conscious experience
behavior
the brain
104
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
medulla
105
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
avoidance
suppression
neurogenic amnesia
repression
106
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
cross-sectional
longitundinal
time of testing
sequential
107
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
non-declarative memories
sensory memories
flashbulb memories
episodic memories
108
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the experimental group
the observational group
the control group
the correlational group
109
The superego is Freud's term for...
the moral component of personality
the conscious aspect of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the mediating agent between the id and ego
110
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
aggressiveness
excessive guilt
manipulative behavior
social charm
111
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
insomnia
pseudoinsomnia
112
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the autonomic nervous system
feeding
the endocrine system
memory
113
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
happiness
fear
sadness
surprise
114
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in openness
high in agreeableness
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
115
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
gustatory bulbs
sciatic receptors
olfactory cilia
smell buds
116
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
mescaline
heroin
cocaine
marijuana
117
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
cognitive
psychoanalytic
behavioral
humanistic
118
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a heuristic observation
a contravened stereotype
a self-serving attribution
demonstrates an illusory correlation
119
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
mentalism
intelligence
introspection
cognition
120
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the cephalopedal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
the proximodistal trend
encephalitis
121
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
questionnaires
physiological recordings
psychological tests
direct observation
122
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
mode
mean
midpoint
123
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
reinforcement
classical conditioning
observational learning
124
Anhedonia is when a person...
has two different psychological disorders
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
has trouble getting along with people
experiences mild manic states
125
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
operant conditioning
insight learning
classical conditioning
latent learning
126
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
linguistic heuristics
morphemes
phonemes
syntax
127
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
attachment
temperament
personality
128
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
representativeness heuristic
conjunction heuristic
law of small numbers
availability heuristic
129
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
130
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
light
salivation
tone
food/meat powder
131
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
change
frustration
pressure
conflict
132
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
maladaptive behaviors
the unconscious
irrational thoughts
the conscious
133
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
attention encoding
dyadic encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
the semantic level of encoding
134
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use a holistic decision model
are using the representativeness heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the availability heuristic
135
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
criterion-related
construct
content
absolute
136
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
closure
similiarity
constancy
symmetry
137
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
a personality test
an achievement test
138
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
beta
gamma
delta
alpha
139
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
state-dependent learning
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
140
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
metalinguistic awareness
fast-mapping
semantic slanting
overextension
141
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
independently of autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
142
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
formal operations
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
development of secondary sex characteristics
post-conventional moral reasoning
143
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
the internal state causes the facial expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
144
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
predictability
representativeness
accuracy of inference
consistency
145
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
subliminal perception
a superimposed stimulus
a false alarm
a just noticeable difference
146
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
displacement
compensation
fixation
regression
147
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
decibels
timbre
pitch
loudness
148
An antagonist...
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
extends the absolute refractory period
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
149
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
group polarization
social loafing
deindividuation
conformity
150
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
halo effect in aggression
basis for performing pro-social behavior
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
