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Motor Sciences 3
What correctly describes cerebellar ataxic gait
Define state anxiety
Motor Sciences 3
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1
Define state anxiety
transitory emotional response of unpleasant feelings, tension, apprehension
Our current state
feelings of tension, worried thoughts, and physical changes
anxiety that occurs often and is a consistent part of someones personality
2
What correctly describes cerebellar ataxic gait
Regular, steady steps with a low base of support.
Wide-based with irregular, unsteady steps.
Quick, shuffling steps with a narrow base of support
Asymmetrical, regular steps with a low base of support
3
What is the proactive strategy that results from experiences and minimizes destabilizing forces from own movements?
visually activated
compensatory automatic postural adjustments
prediction
balance recovery arm movements
4
Modulates spinal cord and brain stem mechanisms involved in postural control, describes what function of the cerebellum
Coordination of movements
Regulation of muscle tone
Maintenance of equilibrium
Site of omnidirectional postural control
5
Classical information processing model consists of 3 stages: which of these is not one of them
Response Programming
Process outcomes
Stimulus identification
Response selection
6
Which of these is not a condition in steady-state gait?
limbs move in symmetrical alternating motion
stance starts when foot strikes the ground
swing begins when foot leaves the ground
long bouts of varied velocity walking
7
Define reaction time
The time between the a stimulus and the beginning of a response
Translate abstract ideas into a set of muscular actions that will respond
The time it takes to make a decision increases with the number of choices
Familiarity with a particular stimulus-response decreases reaction time
8
Largest percentage of falls happens during stair-walking in public places.
True
False
9
Phasic sensory input from peripheral receptors is essential for CPGs to generate rhythmic motor patterns.
True
False
10
People with the same diagnosis can present with very different postural problems
False
True
11
Which of these does not go with the parasympathetic nervous system
Low arousal
"fight or flight"
"rest or digest"
Acetylcholine
12
Which of these is not a strategy to manage the arousal levels of patients in physical therapy practice
use relaxation techniques
Establish rapport and trust
Increased exposure approach
Provide education and information
13
What is the hallmark of functional mobility?
gait speed
adaptation of gait
falls
stair walking
14
_______ self-efficacy is a major factor predicting participation in community mobility following a stroke
Mobility
Falls
Balance
Standing
15
Which of these is not a mechanical constraint of walking?
gravity
position and velocity of COM
limit of stability
momentum
16
Which part of CPG model produces phase-specific activation of the corresponding group of synergist motoneuron pools?
pattern formation network
Rhythm generator netowork
17
Which of these does not describe locomotion?
externally driven
feedback corrected
environmentally adapted
centrally-patterned
18
Which of these is not an essential requirement of locomotion?
postural control
sensitization
progression
adaptation
19
What is the ability to independently and safely move oneself from one place to another?
rehabilitation
mobility
stability
orientation
20
The activation of what branch of the autonomic nervous system causes arousal
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
21
Which part of the two-level CPG model determines the rhythm and durations of flexor and extensor phases?
pattern formation network
rhythm generator network
22
Which transfer requires the generation of joint torque to rise and moving COM for stability?
rising from bed
rolling
sit-to-stand
supine-to-stand
23
Which of the following is FALSE regarding steady-state balance?
Impairs in it increase the risk of falls and injury.
It is an inability to maintain a stable standing or seated position.
Enormous functional consequences for persons with neurologic pathology.
It is the relationship of body segments to one another.
24
Arm movements can be used during balance recovery in gait and can be used in a protective role.
False
True
25
Which of these is not a descending influence on locomotor activity?
cerebellum: modulation of step cycle
cortex: skills such as walking over uneven terrain
cerebrum: control of preparation in anticipatory gait
basal ganglia-brainstem-spinal pathways: automatic control of movement
26
Which sensory system helps determine the speed of locomotion and control of legs during obstacle crossing?
somatosensory
toes
vestibular
vision
27
The ability to change the pattern of postural muscle activity quickly in response to changing task conditions.
Postural adaptation
Sequencing problems
Muscle coactivation
Shifting central set
28
Hick's law
moderate arousal can enhance performance, too little/much can inhibit
a transitory emotional response involving unpleasant feelings of tension
Predicting when a signal is to happen/predicting the sequence of events
The time it takes to make a decision increases with number
29
Which of these is spatial anticipation
physiological preparedness to perceive and react to environmental stimuli
occurs often and is a consistent part of someone's way of their personality
Predicting what is going to happen before the signal is presented
Predicting when a signal is to happen or predicting the sequence of events
30
A main mechanical effect of muscle coactivation is ______________________
The promotion of movement
agonist only activation
Antagonist only activation
The reduction of movement
31
Match the stage of information processing with its definition - Response selection
The individual has to translate the selected idea/plan
The motor system is organized to produce the desired movement
This is a decision-making process, time-consuming, and energy consuming
Sensory input is detected and identified
32
Pathology in what part of the brain causes directionally specific increased postural sway.
basal ganglia
Parietal lobe
Brainstem
Cerebellum
33
Which of these is incorrect regarding somatosensory systems and gait?
joint receptors and muscle spindle afferents contribute to onset of swing
cutaneous information plays a role in postural control
sensory info contributes to stepping frequency
they regulate interlimb discoordination
34
Which of these is not evidence for the existence of spinal rhythm generating in humans?
all of these are evidence toward CPG in humans
stepping in anencephalic infants
voluntary control of locomotion by infants
spinal injury patient shows spontaneous movement when hips were extended
35
Inverted-U theory Definition
The amount of arousal choices increases with the amount of time to choose
Moderate levels of arousal can enhance performance
Too much or too little arousal can impair performance
The more arousal means the performance will be better
36
Every motor skill/task has the same optimum arousal level
True
False
37
Arousal can affect behaviors, which behavior is not affected by arousal
fear
Motivation
emotion
Attention
38
CPGs for breathing are located in the medulla. CPGs for locomotion are in the lumbar region of spinal cord.
False
True
39
For low to moderate arousal motor control tasks, which of these options would be best
Gross motor control, weightlifting, running on track
Fine motor control, archery, brain surgery, writing
Complex cognitive tasks, important decision-making components
Simple cognitive tasks, low level of cognitive complexity
40
Which of these is an incorrect pairing of word and definition?
cadence: average horizontal speed of body measured over one or more strides
step width: horiz. distance from one heel strike to next same heel strike
step length: distance from one foot strike to other foot strike
stride length: distance from one heel strike to next same heel strike
41
Which of these is not a factor that influences the optimal level of arousal
Task complexity
Amount of choices
Individual differences
Environmental factors
42
Individuals with unilateral cerebellar pathology affecting the anterior lobe show hypermetric postural responses
False
True
43
Stooped posture results from forward trunk inclination and decreased hip and knee flexion.
False
True
44
What plays a substantial contribution to the reaction time and appropriate decision making?
Response programming
information processing
Response selection
Stimulus identification
45
What type of problem affecting the coordination of muscle response synergies is considered a sequencing problem?
inability to modify postural responses to changing task demands
The simultaneous activation of agonist-antagonist muscles during movement.
Delays in the onset of postural responses can contribute to instability
An abnormally long delay in the recruitment of proximal muscle synergists.
46
Anxiety has effects on motor performance, what does it not effect
Muscle tension and coordination
Familiarity of a particular stimulus response
Slowed reaction time
Impaired concentration and attention
47
You do NOT have to treat weight-bearing asymmetry in stroke patients
False
True
