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Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology Flashcards | StudBud
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Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology
Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology
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Questions
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Answers
1
Select TWO neurological disorders related to the Basal Ganglia. Select all that apply
Alzheimer's disease
Dementia
Parkinson’s disease
Huntington’s disease
2
What tract is affected by Pseudobulbar Palsy, and what type of lesion is it?
Corticobulbar tract (unilateral)
Corticobulbar tract (bilateral)
Cerebro-ponto-cerebellar tract (unilateral)
Cerebro-ponto-cerebellar tract (bilateral)
3
Select the accurate definition for Somatotopic Organisation:
Way the brain is organised to map visual pathways according to the retina
Way brain is organised to map diff parts of body to specific brain area
None of the above
Brain is organised randomly w/out any specific areas for other body parts
4
The limbic system plays a role in which of the following functions? Select all that apply
Emotion
Learning
Memory
Balance and coordination
5
Which image shows the correct labelling of the brain? (refer to printout-Q5)
A
C
B
D
6
Stroke-muscular weakness on L side of body. Speech is precisely articulated but intonation is flat.Where is lesion site?
Temporal lobe, particularly Heschl's gyrus
Frontal lobe of right hemisphere
Frontal lobe of the left hemisphere, particularly Broca's area
Posterior parietal lobe
7
What is the primary function of the Circle of Willis?
To regulate blood flow in the brain
To distribute blood throughout the brain
To ensure continuous blood supply to the brain
To connect the hemispheres of the brain
8
Commissural fibres______
communicate between different lobes in the same hemisphere
are specialised nerves located in the brainstem
carry sensory information from the skin to the spinal cord
travel between corresponding regions across cerebral hemispheres
9
What are some symptoms we can expect to see in someone with damage to the frontal lobe?
Personality changes, diff problem-solving & att span, impulsive beha...
Difficulty associating meaning with words
Inability to maintain homeostasis in body, constantly overheating or cold
Face blindness, issues with recognising objects
10
What communication disorder is common in dementia?
Disinhibition
Disassociation
Glossoplegia
Emotional lability
11
Where do approximately 85% of neural pathways cross over to the opposite side of the body?
Medulla
Pons
Thalamus
Cerebellum
12
Which artery in the diagram supplies the occipital lobe and plays a key role in visual processing?
Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)
Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)
Posterior Communicating Artery
Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)
13
Which artery supplies the medial portions of the frontal and parietal lobes?
Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)
Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)
Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)
Anterior Communicating Artery
14
Which artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries in the Circle of Willis?
Internal Carotid Artery
Basilar Artery
Posterior Communicating Artery
Anterior Communicating Artery
15
Which of the following refers to the organisation of sounds w/in the auditory nerve?
Retinotopic
Somatotopic
All of the above
Tonotopic
16
Select the correct function of CSF:
Protect the brain from trauma
All the above
Remove waste products from your brain
Carries nutrients to different parts of your brain
17
A 48yo woman had a suspected stroke of her L anterior artery. What areas are impacted & what symptoms would you expect?
A
B
C
D
18
What disorder is characterised by sudden, uncontrollable outbursts of laughing or crying?
Pseudobulbar affect
Disinhibition
Impulsivity
Pseudobulbar palsy
19
A patient presents with spastic dysarthria, where is the site of the damage?
Damage to cerebellum or brain stem vestibular nuclei/or both
LMN or their cell bodies of cranial nerves involved in speech
Bilateral damage to the upper motor neurons
Unilateral damage of upper motor neurons
20
Damage to ventral medulla. What type of motor deficit is observed considering position of VM & location of decussation?
C
A
D
B
21
Damage to Broca's area would typically result in?
Receptive aphasia
Expressive aphasia
Hearing loss
Difficulty with communication pragmatics
22
What is Delirium?
Prog loss of cognitive fx inc memory, perception, interpretation&reasoning
Acute change cerebralfx,consciousness,hallucinations,autonomic overactivity
23
Your patient presents with fluent aphasia after a cerebrovascular accident, where do you suspect damage has occurred?
Damage to Wernicke's area
Damage to Broca's area
Wernicke's and Broca's area
Damage to Heschl's gyrus
24
Which structure in the limbic system is primarily responsible for processing fear?
Olfactory bulb
Amygdala
Hippocampal region
Fornix
25
If a patient has a stroke in Wernicke's Area, what would they likely experience? Select all that apply
Intact fluency and prosody
Loss of fine motor skills
Nonsensical speech
Difficulties with language comprehension
26
Which one of these tables has the correct information for each lobe? (refer to tables in printout-Q5)
A
C
D
B
27
Which of the following is NOT considered to be part of the limbic system?
Substantia nigra
Para hippocampal gyrus
Amygdala
Hippocampal region
28
What is true of Parkinson's disease? Select all that apply
Causes language comprehension disorder
Fluency and prosody remain intact
It causes bradykinesia
It is Intrinsic and Degenerative
29
Which of the following identifies as an implication to the disruption of CSF?
Venous drainage
Reabsorption of CSF
Hydrocephalus
None of the above
30
Which artery in the Circle of Willis is most commonly affected in ischaemic strokes?
Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)
Basilar Artery
Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)
Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)
31
What are the roles of Broca's and Wernicke's area? (refer to tables in printout-Q2)
D
A
C
B
32
In the reflex arc, which part is responsible for processing the sensory information without involving the brain?
Integration centre in the cerebral cortex
Effector organ
Sensory neuron
Integration centre in the spinal cord
33
The basal ganglia help to:
Form new memories
Regulate desired and undesired movements
Relay pain and temperature sensations
Interpret smell
34
Which level of neuron carries information from the thalamus to the cortex?
First order
Fourth order
Third order
Second order
35
What part of the brain is mainly responsible for emotional regulation?
Cerebellum
Hippocampus
Limbic system
Frontal lobe
36
What are some symptoms & the diagnosis we expect to see in someone with damage to the temporal lobe?
A. Impacted speech & understanding of lang, diff. putting semantically...
D. Diff in articulation, voice quality, breathing, & overall motor...
B. Jerky and unstable movements - Parkinson’s Disease
C. Weakness or paralysis on one side of the face - Bell’s Palsy
37
What is a possible classification and aetiology of TBI?
Acquired and Extrinsic
Acute and Intrinsic
Acquired and Intrinsic
Acute and Extrinsic
38
Which of the following serves to protect our brain?
All of the above
Meninges and CSF
Medulla
Pons
39
What symptom is most likely associated with upper motor neuron (UMN) damage?
Decreased muscle tone and flaccid paralysis
Muscle twitching and wasting
Increased muscle tone and spastic paralysis
Muscle twitching and reduced reflexes
40
Which of the following are the components of the lentiform nucleus? Select all that apply
Globus pallidus
Subthalamic nucleus
Putamen
Caudate nucleus
41
Which is true for MS?
It is Intrinsic and Degenerative
It is a Diffuse autoimmune disease
Certain genetic markers increase susceptibility to MS
All of the above
