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Bio1 2nd Semester Final Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Bio1 2nd Semester Final Review
Bio1 2nd Semester Final Review
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1
What Are Alleles?
I dont know
A different type of chromosome
A alternate or different form of a gene
A different type of Trait
2
how many alleles exist for human blood types?
5
4
3
2
3
If A=18, use Chargaff's rule, what percent G in DNA?
64
36
32
18
4
This is the genetic makeup of an organism.
genotype
dominant
phenotype
recessive
5
Which phase of mitosis is this?
Anaphase
Telophase
Metaphase
Prophase
6
Which comes first: translation or transcription?
translation
transcription
7
What holds the two strands of DNA together?
N-bonds
Phosphate Bonds
Helicase
H-bonds
8
Scientists who helped determine structure of DNA
Rosalind Franklin
All of these
James Watson and Francis Crick
Erwin Chargaff
9
In Translation:
None of the above
tRNA codes for amino acids
rRNA codes for amino acids
mRNA codons code for amino acids
10
How are recessive alleles written
What is a recessive allele?
Always written in lower case
You don't write it
Always written in capital letter
11
The parents in the monohybrid cross are __________.
heterozygous
autotrophs
heterotrophs
homozygous
12
What is the biggest difference between natural selection and artificial selection?
artificial includes overproduction, variation, struggle, etc
artificial is NOT chosen by the environment
Artificial is chosen by the environment
Natural selection is phony
13
What comes after mitosis?
cytokinesis
interphase
telephase
prophase
14
The ratio for surface area to volume in a cell membrane is ...
2:1
4:1
1:1
2:4
15
When does crossing over occur?
Prophase I
Interphase I
Metaphase
Anaphase I
16
What Is the Purpose of Helicase in DNA Replication?
It lays down RNA primers.
It replaces RNA primers with DNA.
It puts together the strands of DNA.
It melts hydrogen bonds to "unzip" a DNA molecule.
17
What three factors affect Natural Selection?
Competition, Overproduction, Variation
Competition, Overproduction, Peduncle
People, Places, Things
Competition, Variation, Manipulation
18
When and where does DNA replication take place.
During the G1 phase, in the mitocondria
During the S phase, in the nucleus
During Mitosis, in the nucleus
During the s phase, in the cell membrane
19
Gene pool refers to ...
the complete set of genes in a population
the complete set of genes in a species
the complete set of alleles in a species
the complete set of alleles in a population
20
What do the squares represent on a pedigree?
Female
Male
21
The two types of genetic drift are...
The bottleneck effect and mutations
The bottleneck effect & the founder effect
Non-random mating and gene flow
Natural selection and the founder effect
22
What are the Linnaean levels of classification?
Domain Phylum Class Family Genus Species
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Genus Species Order Kingdom Domain Family
Order Phylum Kingdom Family Genus Species
23
What do spindle fibers do?
They connect chromosomes during mitosis
They connect chromosomes during meiosis
They separate chromosomes during interphase
They separate chromosomes during mitosis & meiosis
24
If 2 normal parents have a kid w/a rare genetic disorder,which inheritance type is most likely?
Autosomal Recessive
Autosomal Dominant
There has been a mutation
25
Who conceptualized evolution?
Alfred Russel Wallace
Theodosius Dobzhansky
Charles Darwin
Gregor Mendel
26
What is mitosis?
I don't know
Nothing
It makes gametes
Its when body cells divide and make identical cells?
27
What are the four genotypes in this monohybrid cross?
tt,tt,TT,TT
Tt,tt,Tt,tt
TT,TT,TT,TT
TT,tt,Tt,Tt
28
What is the most likely mode of inheritance for this pedigree?
Dominant
Autosomal dominant
Recessive
Autosomal recessive
29
In this Punnett Square, what percentage of offspring are heterozygous?
75%
25%
100%
50%
30
The graph below shows what kind of selection (look at the purple)?
stabilizing selection
divergent selection
directional selection
disruptive selection
31
Unregulated cell division leads to
A great personality
Increased metabolism
Protein regulation
Cancer
32
A DNA strand has the bases A A G C C A. What are the bases on its complimentary strand?
A A G C C A
T T C G G T
A C C G A A
C C A T T C
33
Which phase of mitosis is this?
Prophase
Anaphase
Telophase
Metaphase
34
Polygenic Inheritance occurs when...
When both alleles for a gene are expressed equally.
When three or more possible alleles determine a trait.
When more than one gene affects a trait.
When one allele is partially dominant.
35
What are the complimentary DNA bases to the strand:
CCTA
GGAU
AAGC
CCTA
GGAT
36
which molecules control the regulation of the cell cycle?
eukaryotic
cyclin
mitochondria
somatic
37
Which of the following does NOT provide evidence for evolution?
fossil record
natural variation within a species
homologous structures of living organisms
DNA Analysis
38
How many chromosomes will be in the daughter cells?
92
10
23
46
39
Erwin Chargaff concluded
A=C=G=T
A=C and T=G
A+T=G+C
A=T and C=G
40
Crossing over in meiosis creates _____?
Trisomy 21
Common Ancestor
Genetic Variability
Zygotes
41
homologous structures are evidence for evolution because...
they don't share similarities to common ancestors
they have evolved to the same function
they have adapted to the same needs
similar structures indicate similar genes
42
As a cell grows, its surface area to volume ratio:
increases
none of the above.
stays the same
decreases
43
Genetic drift has a greater effect in?
unvaried populations
small populations
varied populations
large populations
44
Use the codon chart to translate UGA
MET
VAL
STOP
ALA
45
All of the following are problems that growth causes for cells except
DNA overload.
excess oxygen.
expelling wastes.
obtaining enough food.
46
What did Robert Hooke do?
noticed single celled organisms and called them animacules
noticed tiny structures in cork and named them cells
discovered the nucleus of atoms
discovered the first virus
47
How is transcription different from translation?
None of the above
Transcription produces mRNA
A and B
Transcription produces a polypeptide
48
Heterzygous vs. Homozygous?
Heterozygous
Homozygous
49
What are the names of the scientists that unlocked the structure of DNA?
Wilkins and Franklin
Hershey and Chase
Avery and McCarty
Crick and Watson
50
What is the first step of the cell cycle?
Anaphase.
Prophase.
Interphase.
Telophase.
51
What is the correct process of the cell cycle?
Mitosis, S, G1, G2, Cytokinesis
G2, G1, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, S
G1, S, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
S, G2, G1, Cytokinesis, Mitosis
52
What is translation?
the process of mRNA being translated
the process of things being translated into
process of using tRNA and mRNA to put together amino acids at the ribosome
the process tRNA translating mRNA
53
A larger surface area to volume ratio makes it ..... for a cell to survive
is not affected by size
harder
the same
easier
54
What is the correct statement about autosomal dominant inheritance?
An affected child has at least one parent that is affected
Always affects females
Two unaffected parents have an affected child
Not in one particular sex
55
If "T" is a tall trait, and "t" is a short trait, then what is the percentage of the offspring will be TALL?
25%
100%
75%
50%
56
Who discovered the laws of inheritance?
Vincent Van Gogh
Elvis Presley
Gregor Mendel
Ludwig Van Beethoven
57
According to the law Of Superposition
higher rock layer is the oldest,&the lower ones are younger
lower rock layer is the oldest,&the higher ones are younger
The age of rock compared to the age of rock layers
The age of each layer of rock
58
What is the relationship between natural selection and evolution?
natural selection is a mechanism of evolution
they are the opposite
they are the same
evolution is a mechanism of natural selection
59
Genetic drift is best described as:
Increase in an adaptation in a population
Changes in a gene pool that result in variation
A random mutation in an organism
Changes due to random events
60
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
Protein -> RNA -> DNA
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
RNA -> DNA -> Protein
DNA -> Protein -> RNA
61
___ are thought to be one of the earliest lifeforms on Earth.
Trilobites
Blue-green algae
Jellyfish
Cyanobacteria
62
Codominance is. . .
When both alleles from your parents can be in a phenotype
When two people that are not related have the same genes
When multiple genes decide a phenotype
When people in a population are different
63
What Alleles are in blood type O ?
ii
AA
WW
THERE IS NO SUCH THING!!!!!!!!
64
The diploid number for a dolphin is 44. What is the haploid number?
11
88
21
22
65
How old is Earth?
4.6 Million Years
20,000 years
4.6 Billion Years
20 Billion Years
66
Where does transcription and translation take place?
transcription-nucleus; translation-ribosomes
transcription- ribosomes; translation- nucleus
transcription- liver; translation-kidney
transcription- chloroplast; translation- cell membrane
67
Incomplete dominance is when...
one allele controls another allele
both allele blend
both alleles coexist
68
Where do the spindle fibers come from?
Centrioles
Other Spindle Fibers
Cell membrane
Chromosomes
69
If TT x Tt, what is the chance the offspring would be short? (T=tall)
100%
75%
0%
50%
70
what is Charles Darwin known for?
For making the phone
The theory of natural selection
primordial soup theory
The bubble theory
71
Who used X-ray imaging that showed the structure of DNA?
Avery
Watson & Crick
Franklin
Griffith
72
What are the parents of the punnett square below?
tt, tt
tt, Tt
Tt, Tt,
TT, tt
73
A person with two X chromosomes is:
female
male
74
Identify A
centrioles
chromosomes
nucleolus
nuclear membrane
75
How many chromosomes do human diploid body cells have?
72
23
46
4
76
During cytokinesis, plant cells:
form a contractile ring
form a cleavage furrow
form a cell plate
pinch in
77
Which of the following are examples of natural selection?
Whales adapt to water, develop flippers, and lose hind legs
Rabbits are very fast runners with powerful hind legs
Purple roses with white streaks are grown for the color
Male birds are often brightly colored to attract mates.
78
Mitosis is...
the process to create a child
a process where the cells create identical copies of itself
sexual reproduction to produce living cells not identical
cells that are produced and genetically distinct.
79
Meiosis is cell division with...
Gametes
Body cells
Plant cells
Animal cells
80
Meiosis produces
4 identical haploid cells
2 different diploid cells
2 identical diploid cells
4 different haploid cells
81
The Earliest Form Of Life On Earth
plants and animals
Single celled photosynthetic bacteria
Evolution
humans
82
Mutations in the DNA that lead to unregulated cell division can cause cancer.
false
true
83
Temperature affecting the coat color of the fox is an example of environmental influence on genotype and phenotype.
False
True
84
DNA replication is
semi conservative
conservative
tridirectional
all of the above
85
What does a nucleotide consist of
A base, a sugar, and a base
A bass, A sugir, and a phosphatte
A double bass
" A sugar, a phosphate, and a base"
86
What is the structure of DNA?
Phosphate, Deoxyribose, Nitrogen base
Sugar, Alleles, Genomes
Phosphate, Alleles, Deoxyribose
Tymine, Cytosine, Genes
87
Meiosis is..
two new cells resulting from the original cell.
cell division that is required for sexual reproduction.
cell division that forms sex cells
asexual reproduction
88
Why do cells have a high surface area to volume ratio?
to contain more organelles
to have only small substances travel across the cell
to more readily exchange substances across the cell
to contain more nutrients
89
Which statement is basic to the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Organisms maintain a constant population from generations
Natural variations are inherited.
Changes in organisms are almost always results of mutations.
There is little competition between species.
90
DNA and RNA are...
proteins
lipids
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
91
What are the phases of mitosis?
prophase, Prometaphase , metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
prophase, prometaphase, anaphase, and telophase
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase and telophase
prophase, Prometaphase , metaphase, and anaphase
92
Evolutionary fitness is
ability to survive & have a family
evolution working out
evolution let us become more fit
ability to survive & reproduce
93
What are vestigial structures?
structures with the same function but different structure
structures that look the same
structures that no longer serve any purpose but did in ancestor
Structures with a similar structure but different function
94
Vestigial or Homologous?
analogous
homogous
Homologous
Vestigal
95
define: Diploid Number
42
more than 2 sets of chromosones
2 sets of chromosones
chromosomes in 3 pairs
96
Which one is the centromere?
a
b
d
c
97
What happens during interphase
Duplicates the cell
The cell prepares to seperate
Centrioles and DNA is copied
Each chromosome attaches to a splinder fiber
98
Is this a monohybrid or dihybrid cross? RRgg x rrGg
Dihybrid
Monohybrid
99
The two strands that make up DNA are considered to be:
Anitparrallel
Parallel
Template
Opposite
100
Embryological comparisons give evidence for evolution because...
there are no similarities
at early stages of development the embryos have lots of the same traits
they all look the same in the later stages of development
