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Earth Systems Final Review
Earth Systems Final Review
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1
Which of the following is not one of the three types of rocks?
igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic
magma
2
The Nebular Theory explains how. . .
fusion produces energy
life evolves
fossils are made
our solar system formed
3
What fraction of the original parent isotope will still exist after 4 half-lives have passed?
1/8
1/4
1/16
1/32
4
Earth's original atmosphere was made up of gases similar to those
found on the sun
dissolved in ocean water
released in volcanic eruptions
in today's atmosphere
5
What process is responsible for the free oxygen in Earth's atmosphere?
outgassing
oxidation of iron mineral
volcanic eruptions
photosynthesis
6
Which two substances do geologist use in radiocarbon dating? (*Please ask Mrs. Roberts*)
carbon-14 & carbon-12
carbon-14 & uranium-238
carbon-12 & carbon-10
7
About 88% of Earth's history is within the
Paleozoic
Cambrian
Precambrian
Cenozoic
8
Which describes the wavelengths of radiation emitted by Earth's surface?
longer than those emitted by the sun
shorter than those emitted by the sun
9
All the energy that drives the Earth's rock cycle comes from
moving water
earth's interior & sun
wind
gravity
10
The geological processes that shape Earth's features today are ___ compared to a 1000 years ago
the same
very different
11
Under which of the following conditions do rocks exhibit ductile deformation?
being near Earth's surface
low temperature
low pressure
high pressure & temperature
12
Which two properties characterize an air mass?
temperature & velocity
temperature & moisture
temperature & pressure
temperature & location
13
In which of the following settings would a metamorphic rock most likely form?
a desert
8 km below the surface
an ocean floor
on the slope of an active volcano
14
A naturally occurring solid, mass of mineral or mineral-like matter . . .
regolith
mineral
rock
fossil
15
Which of the following describes radiation emitted by the sun?
short wave length
long wave length
16
The life-forms of the biosphere are located in the ___.
hydrosphere
atmosphere
all three
geophere
17
Dune that forms at right angles to the wind when there is abundant sand & lack of vegetation.
paraboloic
transverse
longitudinal
barchan
18
What event may have triggered the mass extinction at the end of the Permain period?
changes in Earth's orbit
climate change
meteorite strike
heightened solar activity
19
What phenomenon naturally warms Earth's lower atmosphere and surface?
greenhouse effect
sunspots
gravity
global warming
20
The ability of a stream to erode and transport material depends largely on its
length
width
density
velocity
21
Which of the following would likely have the greatest range of pressure? (*Ask Mrs. Roberts*)
hurricane
cyclone
tornado
all have the same pressure
22
Which is the youngest feature shown in the picture?
igneous intrusion L
fault M
rock layer A
rock layer J
23
Winter blows colder than normal air over the Pacific Northwest & the Northern Great Plains
El Nino
La Nina
24
What happens to the intensity of solar energy as latitude increases?
it decreases
it doubles
it stays the same
it increases
25
The Coriolis effect influences
wind direction
speed & direction
cloud type
wind speed
26
The formation of a solar system with planets like Earth require:
helium and hydrogen
heavy elements
oxygen and hydrogen
iron and magnesium
27
A warm counter-current that periodically flows southward along the coasts of Ecuador & Peru?
La Nina
El Nino
28
Which of the following would be used to measure air temperature?
Thermometer
Pressure Gage
Digital Balance
Barometer
29
Under which of the following conditions do rocks exhibit ductile deformation?
low pressure
being near Earth's surface
low temperature
high pressure & temperature
30
According to the theory of plate tectonics, ___ is divided into plates
hydrosphere
lithosphere
atmosphere
asthenosphere
31
The theory that Earth’slithosphere is broken into large sections that move is called
plate tectonic
nebular
global warming
32
According to the theory of evolution, organisms change over time because of
uniformitarianism
natural selection
corelation
fossil succession
33
What is the energy source for the water cycle?
gravity
radioactivity
running water
the sun
34
Where are dry-summer tropical climates found in the United States?
Arizona
Utah
California
Texas
35
Which layer would be most affected by weathering and erosion
rock layer J
rock layer K
rock layer I
rock layer A
36
The study of the atmosphere and the processes that produce weather and climate is called
Meterology
Oceanography
Biology
Astronomy
37
NOT true about greenhouse gases. . .
carbon dioxide & water vapor
absorb Earth's radiation
produced solely by humans
38
Which of the following is NOT a process of heat transfer?
conduction
convection
radiation
insulation
39
What drives the internal heat engine of the Earth?
solar energy
radioactivity
volcanoes
ocean tides
40
Which of these organisms would have the best chance of becoming a fossil?
fish
ant
horse
butterfly
41
Which of the following would heat the fastest?
pond
lake
sand dune
ocean
42
Which of Earth's spheres includes the oceans, groundwater, lakes and glaciers?
atmosphere
biosphere
hydrosphere
geosphere
43
Stars begin their life cycle in a
black hole
supernova
nova
nebula
44
What type of rock is labeled as B in the rock cycle?
metamorphic
igneous
sedimentary
lava
45
Principal that states the processes that shaped Earth are the same today as in the past
Superposition
Uniformitarianism
Cross-Cutting
Erosion
46
What factors distinguishes wet tropical climates from tropical wet and dry climates?
mountain ranges
large bodies of water
precipitation
temperature
47
Thunderstorms form when warm, humid air rises in a(n)_____.
stable environment
clockwise spiral
unstable environment
counter-clockwise spiral
48
How many half-lives have passed if 1/4 of the original sample remains?
1
2
3
4
49
Which sequence correctly lists the geologic events in order from OLDEST to YOUNGEST?
A, B, C--L, I, J
A, B, K--I, J, L
L, J, I--K, B, A
K, A, B--I, J, L
50
Why did life develop outside of the oceans?
Increase in atmospheric nitrogen
Decrease in atmospheric hydrogen
Decrease in atmospheric carbon
Increase in atmospheric oxygen