In what ways did Buddhism challenge Hindu traditions?

Rejection of Brahmins & castes; lack of interest in gods

What aspects of Zoroastrianism and Judaism are also found in Christianity & Islam?

Conflict between good and evil; personal God

Why were centralized empires so much less prominent in India than in China?

Indian empires had far more cultural diversity than China

In what ways did the religious traditions of South Asia change over the centuries?

Evolution away from sacrifices/ritual to devotional worship

How did Hinduism emphasize support for the caste system?

Devotion to caste duties may provide a path to salvation

Why was the Chinese empire able to take shape so quickly, while the Romans took centuries?

Chinese imperial system already existed from prior dynasties

How did the Daoist outlook differ from that of Confucianism?

Daoists sought learning through nature & seclusion, Confucianists focused life through humanity & relationships

How did Rome grow from a single city to the center of a huge empire?

Respected value & political system; powerful army

In what ways did Buddhism reflect Hindu traditions?

Ordinary life is an illusion, karma, rebirth, & meditation

What were the consequences for both sides of the encounter between the Persians and the Greeks?

Little impact on Persian Empire; extended Greek democracy, Strengthened Greek pride; led to Peloponnesian War

In what ways was Christianity transformed in the 5 centuries following the death of Jesus?

Grew abundantly, leading to Roman Catholic church

What different answer(s) to the problem of disorder arose in classical era China?

Legalism, Confucianism, & Daoism

What are the distinctive features of the Greek intellectual tradition?

Emphasis on argument and logic, question of wisdom

Relevant to AP World, thus far...

I'm happy with the class and believe I'll excel, It's not as bad as I heard it would be, I've only read about 1 chapter total, I'm thinking I made a very bad choice

What internal and external factors contributed to the collapse of the Roman & Chinese empires?

Became too expensive, citizen uprisings, & nomadic threats

What changes did Alexander's conquests bring in their wake?

Dissemination of Greek culture in Egypt, Mesopotamia, India

Why has Confucianism been defined as a "humanistic philosophy" and not a supernatural religion?

Concerned w/ human relationships, government, social harmony

What is the difference between the Theravada and Mahayana expressions of Buddhism?

T:Buddha not divine,gods had little role M:Buddha almost God

Compare the teachings of Jesus and Buddha.

Both wisdom/morality teachers; only Jesus claimed to be God

How did the religions of the classical era define the purposes of human life?

Focused life on compassion & personal morality

How did Persian and Greek civilizations differ in their political organization and values?

Cult of kingship (Persian) vs many city-states (Greek)

How did the evolution of culture in India & China differ in the second wave civilizations?

India=Spiritually dominated; China=Philosophically dominated

How did semi-democratic governments emerge in some of the Greek city-states?

Challenges to the aristocracy & more citizens in assemblies

Why were the Roman and Chinese empires able to enjoy long periods of stability and prosperity?

Powerful armies, effective govs, & public works for citizens

How might you assess the role of empires in the history of the second wave era?

Fueled cultural interaction and technology development

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AP World: Unit 2 Classical Era Civilizations

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Ch. 3-4 of Strayer

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Questions 25

Answers

1
In what ways did Buddhism challenge Hindu traditions?
Buddhism rejected the idea of spreading to China
Buddhism arrived after Hinduism in Indian culture
Rejection of Brahmins & castes; lack of interest in gods
It didn't. They are the same religion
2
What aspects of Zoroastrianism and Judaism are also found in Christianity & Islam?
The belief in a pantheon of gods
All focused more on the present life than the afterlife
Conflict between good and evil; personal God
All dominated Persian culture at one point
3
Why were centralized empires so much less prominent in India than in China?
India experienced less enemy invasions, reducing experience
Indian leaders refused to accept Buddhism
China's Great Wall was able to keep out monstrous beasts
Indian empires had far more cultural diversity than China
4
In what ways did the religious traditions of South Asia change over the centuries?
Buddhism and Hinduism were embraced, but Islam was not
Evolution away from sacrifices/ritual to devotional worship
Hinduism and Buddhism faded away and Islam now dominates
There has been no change
5
How did Hinduism emphasize support for the caste system?
It advocated for different districts & annual death matches
LOTR is better than Harry Potter. Case-closed!
Devotion to caste duties may provide a path to salvation
It didn't. Hindu faith argued against inequality
6
Why was the Chinese empire able to take shape so quickly, while the Romans took centuries?
The Chinese made sure to treat peasants fairly
Chinese imperial system already existed from prior dynasties
The Chinese used slaves more effectively
The Chinese military was more subordinate to authority
7
How did the Daoist outlook differ from that of Confucianism?
Only Confucianism focused on the afterlife
Daoists sought learning through nature & seclusion
Confucianists focused life through humanity & relationships
Daoists sought harsh punishments for lawbreakers
8
How did Rome grow from a single city to the center of a huge empire?
Alexander the Great never lost a military battle
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus led them to glory
Respected value & political system; powerful army
The Roman Senate and Assemblies governed society
9
In what ways did Buddhism reflect Hindu traditions?
Buddhism often rejected Hindu caste systems
Buddhism holds faith in as many gods as Hinduism
Death is the end of all existence, per both faiths
Ordinary life is an illusion, karma, rebirth, & meditation
10
What were the consequences for both sides of the encounter between the Persians and the Greeks?
Little impact on Persian Empire; extended Greek democracy
The Persian Hellenistic Era
Strengthened Greek pride; led to Peloponnesian War
Led to a Persian victory over Macedonia; Greece fell to Rome
11
In what ways was Christianity transformed in the 5 centuries following the death of Jesus?
Grew abundantly, leading to Roman Catholic church
It became a faith only for the lower stratum of society
Grew slowly because of Roman persecution
It evolved into Judaism
12
What different answer(s) to the problem of disorder arose in classical era China?
A tribute system with strong northern nomads
An extension of Chinese imperial rule to Tibet
The adoption of Buddhism and abolition of slavery
Legalism, Confucianism, & Daoism
13
What are the distinctive features of the Greek intellectual tradition?
The fostering of a representative form of democracy
Seeking out wisdom from their many gods
Emphasis on argument and logic, question of wisdom
Rational belief that all societies are culturally equal
14
Relevant to AP World, thus far...
I'm happy with the class and believe I'll excel
It's not as bad as I heard it would be
I've only read about 1 chapter total
I'm thinking I made a very bad choice
15
What internal and external factors contributed to the collapse of the Roman & Chinese empires?
Slave rebellions and inability to use religious ideologies
Became too expensive, citizen uprisings, & nomadic threats
Empires became too large to govern and foreign disease came
They disobeyed their parents
16
What changes did Alexander's conquests bring in their wake?
A reduction in cities named Alexandria
A spreading of Roman culture worldwide
Dissemination of Greek culture in Egypt, Mesopotamia, India
The Persian Empire grew stronger
17
Why has Confucianism been defined as a "humanistic philosophy" and not a supernatural religion?
It had a long-lasting impact on Chinese politics and society
Unlike Jesus, Buddha, & Muhammad, Confucius never existed
It never became as popular as other religions
Concerned w/ human relationships, government, social harmony
18
What is the difference between the Theravada and Mahayana expressions of Buddhism?
T:Buddha not divine,gods had little role M:Buddha almost God
Mahayana developed after Theravada
M:Reincarnation after death T:Annihilation after death
M:Buddha not divine,gods had little role T:Buddha almost God
19
Compare the teachings of Jesus and Buddha.
Both wisdom/morality teachers; only Jesus claimed to be God
Neither was believed to be God by his followers
Neither came from wealthy backgrounds & favored aristocrats
Both encouraged love for others and claimed to be gods
20
How did the religions of the classical era define the purposes of human life?
Focused life on compassion & personal morality
Encouraged followers to ignore the material world
Taught that life was a series of competitions to beat others
Religion was never a part of social or political life
21
How did Persian and Greek civilizations differ in their political organization and values?
Cult of kingship (Persian) vs many city-states (Greek)
Direct Democracy (Greek) vs Republican Democracy (Persian)
Multicultural (Greek) vs Cultural homogenization (Persia)
Both used spies to locate traitors
22
How did the evolution of culture in India & China differ in the second wave civilizations?
India=Spiritually dominated; China=Philosophically dominated
China participated in trade while India did not
India was able to create a larger land empire
India restricted rights of peasants while China did not
23
How did semi-democratic governments emerge in some of the Greek city-states?
The Peloponnesian War brought an end to the Greek alliance
Sparta allowed greater freedoms to women
Challenges to the aristocracy & more citizens in assemblies
Augustus Caesar established the Senate and Assemblies
24
Why were the Roman and Chinese empires able to enjoy long periods of stability and prosperity?
Both extensively used slavery and avoided burdening peasants
Powerful armies, effective govs, & public works for citizens
They kept peaceful relations with all neighbors
They kept all classes in society at peace
25
How might you assess the role of empires in the history of the second wave era?
Fueled cultural interaction and technology development
Crushed religious movements, refusing to use them in gov.
By creating the Death Star, they encouraged submission
Patriarchy was reduced, but social hierarchies increased

AP World: Unit 2 Classical Era Civilizations Flashcards | StudBud