Research & Program Evaluation

switching the order in which stimuli are presented to a subject in a study is known as

Occam's Razor suggests that experimenters

a type I error occurs when

ordinal scales rank orders variables, though the relative distance b/t the elements is not always =. An example would be

a researcher gives a depressed patient a sugar pill and the individual's depression begins to life. This is known as

an IQ score on an IQ test which was 3 SD above the mean would be

range= difference b/t highest & lowest score. on a test with the top score of 93 and low of 33/100, the range would be

a client attends 14 centers with a 12-step plan. When suggested a new center the client assumes it's 12-step, that shows

the mean is merely the sum of the scores divided by the # of scores. The mean is misleading when

a researcher unconsciously rated attractive females as better counselors. This is an example of the

which of the following would most likely yield a perfect correlation of 1.00

in a basic curve or so-called frequency polygon the point of maximum concentration is the

to compare a control group to the experimental group the researcher will need

researchers utilize naturalistic observation in ethological investigations or studying kid's behavior. in this approach

the median is

Bob got a raw score on his math exam of 82. Bob's raw score indicates that

the most valuable type of research is

P=.05 really means that

in a random sample, selection is =. In a new study it is important to have 20% Blacks. What type of sampling is needed

a bimodal distribution has 2 modes (ie. the most frequently occurring scores). Graphically, this looks roughly like

experimenters should always abide by a code of ethics. The variable you manipulate/control in an experiment is the

An experiment group receives assertiveness training & control doesn't. To test for group difference the counselor should

in order for the professor in question 8 to conduct her experiment she will need a(n) ____ and a(n)____

a professor thought that biofeedback training could reduce anxiety and improve avg exam scores. The IV is __ and the DV

a t-score has a mean of 50 w/ every 10 points 1 SD above or below the mean. A t-score of 60 would = +1SD while t=40 is

An experimental hypothesis suggests difference b/t IV and control. The previous experimental hypothesis suggests that

using the data in the prior question one could say that a person with an IQ score of 122 would fall within

a sociogram is to a counseling group as a scattergram is to

to complete a t-test you consult a tabled value of t. to see significant differences in an ANOVA you would consult

in the social sciences the accepted probability level is usually

a study where the clients and researchers do not know who gets treatment is called a

experimental is to cause and effect as correlational is to

a researcher sees 1 session where the therapist uses CBT for phobias. He writes that CBT is ideal for phobias, that is

all of the following describe the analysis of covariance technique except it:

A study occurs and 3 yrs later scores were compared after 7 weeks of the experiment using a t-test. This study is

theres a .90 correlation b/t NCC status and therapists using SD. Saying NCC causes behavioral theory is inaccurate bc

variance = standard deviation² An IQ test has a deviation of 15. A counselor would expect that if the mean =100 then

stanine scores ÷ distribution into 9 intervals, 1 = lowest & 9 = highest, mean=5. A Binet score of 101 would be stanine

Type I and Type II errors are called ____ and ____ respectively

if you correlated the length of CACREP graduates' baby toes & their CPCE scores the result would be

experiments emphasize parsimony, which means

behaviorists often utilize N=1, which is called intensive experimental design. The first step in this approach would be

Z-scores (also called standard scores) are the same as standard deviations, thus a z-score of -2.5 means

in a new experiment a counselor wants to ferret out the effects of >1 IV. She will use a ____ design

for the professor to conduct the experiment the experimental group would need to receive

9 great counselors are given a elementary exam on counseling and score extremely high. The score distribution would be

an experiment is said to be confounded when

Mike takes a math achievement test. To predict his score if he takes the test again the counselor must know

data shows those who study receive high scores on LPC exams. The correlation b/t study time & exam scores would be

in experimental terminology IV stands for ____ and DV stands for ____

Nondirective is to person-centered as

the x axis is used to plot the IV scores. The x axis could also be called the ____ on your exam

if the professors experiment were conducted the null hypothesis would suggest that

the most useful measure of central tendency is the

standardized tests always have

the most common measures of central tendency are the mean, median, and mode. The mode is

if an ANOVA yields a significant F value, you could rely on ___ to test significant differences b/t group means

nominal=qualitative, the simplest type of scale and is used to distinguish logically separated groups. Which is nominal

a counselor tells a teacher that certain children will excel in class. No test occurred but the children excelled, why?

Someone has 3 jobs paying $10, $30, & $50 an hour respectively. A counselor determines their avg pay is $30/hr using

the study that would best rule out chance factors would have a significance level of P=

students took an exam more difficult than the NCE and scored very low. A distribution of their scores would

the WAIS-IVIQ test is given to 100 random adults. How many are likely to score between 85 & 115

a doctoral student who begins working on his bibliography for his thesis would most likely utilize

the simplest form of descriptive research is the __ which requires a questionnaire completion rate of ___ to be accurate

hypothesis testing is most closely related to the work of

if an experiment can be replicated by others with almost identical findings then the experiment is

In a correlational study studying IQ & panic disorder with no manipulation of the IV the correlation coefficient reveals

if a researcher changes the significance level from .05 to .001 then

a distribution with class intervals can be graphically displayed via a bar graph also called a

clients not receiving counseling & observed in a study improve. The attention they were given has proven curative b/c

regardless of the shape, the ____ will always be the high point when a distribution is displayed graphically

a counselor educator decides to increase the sample size in her experiment. This will

which level of significance would best rule out chance factors

test scores on an exam that fell below 3 SD of the mean or above 3 SD of the mean could be described as

Y thinks if he :) when kids ask ?s more ppl will ask ?'s & scores will rise. B&L hear this, B asks ?s & L wont. B&L show

a platykurtic distribution would look approximately like

when a horizontal line is drawn under a frequency distribution it is known as

parametric tests assume scores are normally distributed. nonparametric is not normally distributed. Which is nonparametr

ratio scale = interval w/ true 0. +,-,x,÷ are all possible. In terms of counseling research

if the researcher utilized two IV's then the statistic of choice would be the

if the results indicate that biofeedback raised exam scores but it isn't true, the researcher made a

a researcher wants to run a true experiment but insists she will not use a random sample. You could safely say that

in a cross-sectional study clients are assessed at one point in time. In a longitudional study, however

a teacher has 53 students in the morning and 177 at night. One would expect that the range of test scores would be

when a distribution of scores is not distributed normally, statisticians call it

the y axis is used to plot the frequency of the DV's. The y axis could also be called the ____ on your exam

when you see the letter P in relation to a test of significance it means

Each person has 100 throws w/ mean=50. Sam hit the target 2/100, Jeff 92/100 Using statistical regression to the mean

in a study where people do not know if they receive the experimental pill or control, but the researcher knows that is a

a type II error

if a distribution is bimodal, then there is a good chance that

a normal curve where the mean, median, and mode are all in the middle of the curve looks like

an operational definition

the standard deviation (SD) is the square root of the variance. A z-score of +1 would be the same as

A study has great generalizability. The researcher gave clients a rating scale ranging from agree to disagree. That is

one group receives no training, another 4 sessions, and a final 6 sessions. The statistic of choice would be the

interval scale numbers are = distances w/no absolute 0. School tests are such. You can +/- but not x/÷. An example

Unbeknownst to an experimenter one if the clients in a study is secretely seeing a gestalt therapist. This experiment

P=.05 really means that