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ESC11 Weathering and Erosion Flashcards | StudBud
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ESC11 Weathering and Erosion
ESC11 Weathering and Erosion
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Earth Science 11 review of weathering and erosion.
Flashcards
30 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
30
Answers
1
Which layer is the A-horizon?
layer X
layer Y
None of these
layer Z
2
The granite pictured here is falling apart. What is likely the main cause of this?
hydrolysis of feldspar into clay minerals
Granite is held together with weak bonds.
physical weathering
frost wedging
3
What type of structure is featured at location X in this picture?
arete
cirque
medial moraine
horn
4
What is indicated by the arrow?
desert pavement
ventifact
erratic
toadstool rock
5
What caused the lines on this rock outcrop?
magic
glacial ice carving lines in rock
abrasion from rocks embedded in the base of a glacier
natural weak zones between layers of sedimentary rock
6
Which erosive process is likely responsible for the shape of this valley?
abrasion by wind blown sediments
stream erosion
glaciation
debris flows
7
Where does the Fraser River reach base level?
near Williams Lake
near Vancouver
near Prince George
near Jasper
8
Which type of physical weathering is likely happening here?
frost wedging
abrasion
exfoliation
hydrolysis
9
Which direction would the longshore current be moving at location X?
↑
←
↓
→
10
What caused the sheets of rock to flake off like this?
The rock expanded due to pressure release as it was exposed.
This type of rock is naturally flaky.
Water dissolved weak areas between layers.
This was formed in layers; it breaks along the same layers.
11
What is the name for the rock debris located at the sides of a glacier?
lateral moraine
end moraine
recessional moraine
medial moraine
12
At which locations in this picture is deposition occurring?
V and Y
X and Z
Y and Z
X and Y
13
What properties of these sediments suggests that they are glacial in origin?
The fragments are of all different sizes and shapes.
They are located on a hillside.
They are mostly brown in colour.
They lie beneath a soil layer called the A-horizon.
14
What is meant by a stream's
discharge
?
the water that overflows the banks during a flood
the volume of water which passes a given point each second
the speed of the stream at mid-channel
the depth at the deepest point in the stream
15
What is
deflation
?
removal of small sediments by the action of wind
sediments becoming smaller as they are transported.
any process by which sediments are piled up
the process of a rock becoming abraded by wind-borne sand
16
Which terms could be used to describe what's happening in this picture?
biological weathering and mechanical weathering
erosion and biological weathering
mechanical weathering and erosion
chemical weathering and erosion
17
Which is
NOT
a way that streams carry sediments?
hydraulic load
dissolved load
bed load
suspended load
18
Refer to this picture. What would this be an example of?
erosion
weathering
exfoliation
extrusive igneous activity
19
What is featured in this picture?
horn
erratic
bedrock
arete
20
What feature is indicated by the arrow?
arete
lateral moraine
cirque
horn
21
How does an oxbow lake form?
A meander becomes cut off from the main river channel.
Groundwater erodes bedrock, forming a sinkhole.
Rainwater fills a natural depression in the landscape.
Someone with a large bulldozer builds it.
22
Why is this rock narrower at the bottom than at the top?
Blowing sediments stuck to the top and made it wider.
The bottom of the rock is a dense, more compacted material.
More abrasion by wind-borne sand occurs near the surface.
The bottom of the rock partially dissolved during a flood.
23
At what depth do waves begin to interact with the bottom and move sand around?
two wavelengths
2 metres
half a wavelength
5 metres
24
What is the opposite of erosion?
weathering
deposition
lithification
crystallization
25
What caused the stripe down the centre of this glacier?
Somebody spraypainted lines on the ice.
The dark ice was made from polluted water that froze.
When two glaciers merged, their lateral moraines joined.
Sediment in the middle rises through the ice.
26
The picture shows chunks of basalt. What is the likely cause of the reddish colouring?
oxidation
Basalt is red when it forms.
hydrolysis
Somebody painted them.
27
Which layer has the most humus?
layer Z
All have about the same amount of humus.
layer Y
layer X
28
Which is a significant difference between
weathering
and
erosion
?
Weathering is weather-dependent; erosion is not.
Weathering involves transport of materials; erosion doesn't.
They are the same thing.
Erosion involves transport of materials; weathering doesn't.
29
What type of structure is featured in this picture?
cirque
arete
horn
erratic
30
What causes the formation of desert pavement?
Precipitated minerals "glue" sediments together.
Small sediments are selectively removed by the wind.
The heat of the desert sun makes sediments stick together.
Over time, sediments settle into a compact mass.
