Intro to Psych Exam One

Regulates the brain's higher cognitive functions and controls the mind

Select each answer that describes a function of glial cells

The scientific study of the behavior of individuals and their mental processes based on behavior is known as

Select the four lobes of the cerebrum

Describe the behaviorist perspective

The core of most psychological theories. All events "determined by" causal factors within the person or the environment.

Cells split, ½ fibers from each retina remain on original side, others cross at the midline. This forms the optic tract

Simple cells respond to ____, complex to _________, and hypercomplex to ________

Psychologists want to describe...

Incorporates past knowledge, motivations, & cultural backgrounds, involves concepts stored about various things in world

Interneurons carry messages away from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands

Nerve impulse activated in a neuron that travels down the axon & cause neurotransmitters to be released into the synapse

Select all choices that make up the central nervous system

Neurotransmitters attach to receptor sites embedded into the postsynaptic membrane

The humanistic perspective suggests that humans are good and their goal is to be self-actualized

Sensory neurons carry messages from sense receptors toward the central nervous system

Which of the following is NOT a step of the research process?

Psychologists hope to predict the likelihood of behavior that may (or may not) occur based on treatment and observations

Select the three layers of the brain

What system is responsible for dealing with emergency situations? It initiates the "fight or flight" response

___ relay messages from sensory neurons to other interneurons or to motor neurons; the bulk of all neurons

Psychologists hope to explain why people behave the way they do based upon surrounding factors like...

Which of the following is not a goal of psychology?

Describe the roots and the focus of the psychodynamic perspective:

The chance that a similar study will yield similar results for years to come describes the ____ of research

A loud bang grabs your attention while you are trying to study, and you find that you can no longer attend to your notes

We need to be consciously aware because of survival and constructions of reality

Idea that a single image at sensory level may result in many interpretations at the perceptual and identification levels

Vivid dreams occur; increases as the night progresses; brain most active; body most relaxed (rapid eye movement)

Correlational methods are concerned with

Tendency for observers to favor particular responses based on factors unrelated to the sensory features of the stimulus

Goal directed selection (select the definition and example)

When trying to recall a memory from childhood, you are accessing information stored in the ________.

Involved in controlling one's emotions

An independent variable is the causal variable that a researcher can manipulate such as

Which of the following are subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A person who suffers from uncontrollable sleep attacks that may lapse directly into REM sleep at inopportune times has

The phenomena stating once excitatory inputs sum to reach the threshold level, a uniform action potential is generated

A person physically acts out vivid, unpleasant dreams with vocal sounds and sudden limb movement during REM sleep

An organized set of concepts that explains a phenomenon or set of phenomena is known as a

The medulla is the center of breathing, blood pressure, and heartbeat regulation. Damage is fatal

Functionalism describes the idea of "minds with purpose"

This layer is primarily involved with autonomic processes like heart rate, breathing, blood pressure etc

Select all of which can influence perception

Integrate/coordinate all bodily functions, process incoming neural messages & send commands to different body parts

Distal stimulus is the optical image on the retina

A person who experiences a sudden loss of muscle tone while awake without warning may experience

The nonwestern approach to dream analysis: dream interpretation is part of culture and religion

The process that occurs when the eye receives light input from the outside world is called

Which is not one of the three classes of neurons

Taking sensory data to the brain for analysis of important info. Transforms real info into representations in the brain.

Synaptic vesicles rupture and release neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft

Action potential arrives at the terminal buttons, makes the synaptic vessels move & affix to the interior membrane

____ is the study of structure of the mind and behavior

The western approach to dream analysis pays little attention to dreams as meaningful messages

This model states electrical discharges in the brain's cortex trigger memories/connections w/ dreamer's past experiences

Behavior & mental processes follow patterns that are revealed and understood through research that are known as

The thalamus provides input to other structures in the brain stem, like a subway system.

Hallucinations: heightened arousal of the senses, states of intense need, or the inability to supress threatening ideas

The three stages of perception are sensation, perceptual organization, and identification/recognition

Select the choices that make up the peripheral nervous system

Thalamus channels incoming sensory information to appropriate areas in the cerebral cortex

A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment

The dream as the dreamer remembers it is the latent content

Random assignment confirms participants have an equal likelihood of being assigned to any condition within an experiment

Psychologists hope to improve the likelihood of behavior that may (or may not) occur based on treatment and observations

What produces the action potential?

The minimum amount of physical energy needed to produce a sensory experience

What are some of the issues concerning objectivity?

Proximal stimulus is the optical image on the retina

The optic nerve crosses at the

What does it mean to have an integrative approach?

Select all the ways we can deal with confounding variables

Psychologists want to control every aspect of a person's life rather than teach coping mechanisms and habits

The parasympathetic nervous system is concerned with the body's internal functions like calming down after an emergency

A specialized cell used to receive, process, and transmit information to other cells within the body

Regulates physiological processes in motivated behavior like eating, drinking, and regulating temperature

The cognitive perspective suggests that how we behave is based upon how we think about a situation

Coordinates movement, posture, and balance

Consciously aware that one is dreaming/controlling direction of one's dreams according to personal goals/current needs

The information produced by research accurately measures the psychological variable it is intended to

Involved with emotion, motivation, and memory. It regulates body temperature, blood pressure, and blood-sugar levels

The slight polarization that is necessary for an action potential to occur

Process by which stimulation of sensory receptors produces impulses that represent experiences inside/outside the body

The self-propagating characteristic of action potentials states that

Occurs after the action potential has passed down a segment of the axon, and the cell cannot produce another AP

Cells in the retina that combine impulses from receptors and send them to ganglion cells are

A hypothesis is an educated guess!!!

Select the types of consciousness discussed in class

The value the difference threshold is known as the just noticeable difference

This relies on rays of light being reflected from the object to your photoreceptors; light is described in wavelengths.

The primary function of the _____ is to provide the CNS with information from sensory receptors

Modern psychologists utilize an approach that combines both:

The major task of perception is determining the distal stimulus from info contained in the proximal stimulus

Neurons or nerve cells are generated in the brain; phase is most active during prenatal development

Sensory adaptation is the increasing responsiveness of your senses to prolonged stimulus input

The goal of this research method is to make strong causal claims about the impact of one variable on another