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Duplicate of APWH Unit II + III Review
Duplicate of APWH Unit II + III Review
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Unit II AP World History Review #apworldhistory
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1
Which was not a major characteristic of the Renaissance?
secularism
individualism
humanism
mysticism
2
Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols?
paying monetary tribute to local rulers
employing superior military skills
converting conquered peoples to Confucianism
avoiding contact with the West
3
The Age of Pericles, the Gupta Empire, and the Tang dynasty experienced a golden age with
the end of foreign domination
advancements in the principles of democratic governments
outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences
the furthest expansion of their borders
4
Mercantilism is best illustrated by the
military strategies of the Mali
economic structure of China during the Yuan dynasty
the relationship btwn Spain and Latin America
social kinship of the Ashanti people
5
Archaeological evidence found at Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggests that these socities
followed a democratic system
consisted of hunters and gatherers
practice monotheism
were highly developed and organized
6
The European feudal system was
supported by the labor of peasants
controlled by a powerful middle class
designed to promote political and economic equality
intended to provide opportunities for social mobility
7
The Tang, the Gupta, and the Mali were similar in that each experienced a period of
feudalism and oppression
mercantilism and industrial expansion
prosperity and artistic creativty
war and constant invasion
8
The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by
stimulating European demand for goods from the East
increasing power of feudal lords
forcing Turks to flee form Constantinople
forcing religious conversion of Muslims
9
One way in which the Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and Crusaders were similar is that they all
invaded the Middle East and affected its culture
development of feudalism in Europe
moved through the Middle East as nomadic groups
succeeded in bringing democracy to the Middle East
10
"From S Spain, across N Africa, occupying Arabian peninsula to SE Asia" once described the
Muslim world
Pax Romana
Aztec Empire
Gupta Empire
11
The introduction of banking, letters of credit, joint stock companies, and guilds gave way to
Enlightenment
Scientific Revolution
Commercial Revolution
Renaissance
12
Which phrase best describes Mali under the rule of Mansa Musa?
a poverty-stricken era
a golden age
a time of colonial unrest
a period of political chaos
13
Humanism was
belief in the supremacy of the collective
a rejection of ancient civilizations
embracing the separation of church and state
appreciation for the worth of the individual
14
The Middle Ages in W Europe was characterized by
extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East
decreased emphasis on religion in daily life
absolute monarchies
the manor system and land ownership
15
In the Renaissance period, which factor was emphasized by the philosophy of humanism?
value of the individual
superiority of medieval thought
devotion to religion
obedience to gov't officials
16
Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
The Church gained influence as people became more secular
Church leaders were involved only in spiritual activities
The Church encouraged individuals to question authority
The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, and order
17
A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades was to
capture the Holy land from Islamic rulers
strengthen English dominance of the Arab world
unite warring Arab peoples
establish Christianity in W Europe
18
Medieval life in Europe was characterized by
a thriving system of international trade
limited social mobility
rejection of Christian teachings
a strong central government
19
A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that this civilization
preserved Greek and Roman learning for W and E Europe
collapsed as a result of the Germanic invasion of Middle Age
reduced the influence of the Eastern Orthodox Church
based its economy on subsistence farming and slash-and-burn
20
The map shows that the Mongol Empire stretched across
Africa and Southeast Asia
South America and Asia
North America and Europe
Europe and Asia
21
In the 16th and 17th c. in Latin America, European mercantilism lead to
rejection of Spanish culture
growth of democratic forms of gov't
exploitation of people and resources
opposition to the Catholic Church
22
Which was a characteristic of feudalism?
Government was provided by a bureaucracy of civil servants
Land was exchanged for military service and obligations
Power rested in the hands of a strong central government
Court systems were developed
23
One major result of the Crusades was the
long-term decrease in European trade
conversion of most Muslims to Christianity
spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe
permanent occupation of the Holy Land by Europeans
24
What generalization about Latin American geography is correct?
Geographic features prevented foreign imperialism
Harsh climates prevented the development of agriculture
Variation in land forms resulted in diverse climates
Lack of barriers facilitated extensive communication
25
Buildings such as the Gothic cathedrals in W Europe and the Parthenon in ancient Greece reflect
belief in democracy
imperialist attitudes
rigid social structure
cultural values
26
Which groups were most closely associated with the spread of the Black Death?
missionaries and slave traders
soldiers and diplomats
merchants and pilgrims
bankers and explorers
27
The Commercial Revolution in W Europe led directly to the
establishment of the guild system
development of a socialist economy
weakening of the power of the middle class
expansion of world trade
28
One principle in the theory of mercantilism is that colonies should be
granted independence as soon as possible
considered an economic burden for the colonial power
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
encouraged to develop their own industries
29
According to the map, by 750 A.D. islam had spread from
Senegal to India
the Indus River to Spain
Cairo to Tours
Mecca to Asia Minor
30
Which describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on W Europe?
Feudalism strengthened
The Catholic Church was weakened
Nationalistic movements began to decline
Art to reflect increasingly religious themes
31
Which system developed as a result of the Commercial Revolution in Europe?
manorilaism
market economy
mercantalism
absolutism
32
The Byzantine Empire
used a senate as the chief governing body
adapted the Roman principles of justice
led Crusades to capture Rome from the Huns
Helped maintain Roman rule over W Europe
33
The Sumerians, Phoenicians, and Mayans were similar in that each
developed writing systems
established monotheistic religions
had decentralized political structures
emphasized social equality
34
Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?
socialism
free market
feudalism
manorialism
35
In both Europe and Japan, the major reason for the development of feudalism was to
consolidate the political power of the region
eliminate the need for a legal system
increase trade and manufacturing
provide order during a period of weak central governments
36
The caste system and the feudal system were similar in that both
provided structure for society
developed concepts for natural rights
promoted peace and prosperity
established absolutist governments
37
Under colonialism, colonial powers considered their colonies to be
independent trade partners
possessions to the detriment of the imperial power
possessions to be exploited
independent nations with special privileges
38
Which political system is associated with Europe from 900-1200 and Japan from 1600-1868
socialism
feudalism
communism
manorialism
39
Egypt, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all similar because they were all located
in mountainous terrain
on major trading routes
in rain forest areas
in coastal areas
40
In Europe a long-term effect of the Crusades was
increased European isolation
an increased demand of goods from the East
the strengthening of the feudal system
an adoption of Islam
41
In the Middle East during the Golden Age of Muslim culture, scholars were encouraged to
accept medieval W European religious ideas
reject all knowledge that was Western in origin
ignore the achievements of Chinese culture
preserve and expand ancient Greek and Roman learning
42
The Silk Road was important to China because it provided
a military route for the defense of the norther border
a means for the empire to expand its borders
a means of administering the civil service exams
contact with other cultures through trade
43
One important effect of the Crusades on W Europe was they
ended the W European quest for an overseas empire
introduced the Industrial Revolution
furthered cultural diffusion throughout W Europe
led to a decline int he importance of the church
44
During the Commercial Revolution, the joint stock company was developed to meet the needs of
entrepreneurship
mercantilism
feudalism
manorialism
45
Which conclusion can be drawn from the information provided by the map?
The Hanseatic league controlled trade in the Black Sea
Asians and Europeans traded primarily by water routes
A network of trade routes connected centers of Euro trade
Africa was Europe's most active trading partner
46
Which idea about leadership would Machiavelli most likely support?
leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve goals
Leaders should be elected fairly and democratically
It is better to be loved, than feared
Leaders should listen to the desire of the people
47
In Japan, the samurai code of Bushido helped bring about
equality among Japanese citizens
peaceful relations with other nations
a culture that accepted militarism
an increased interest in science and technology
48
Which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of Russia?
Byzantine
Holy Roman
Ottoman
Assyrian
49
Rome during the Pax Romana and the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages are examples of
feudal governments
centralized powers
Communist regimes
constitutional monarchies
50
What can be seen form studying the Axum, Kush, Mali, and Songhai?
Farming was more extensive in the Nile than anywhere else
These had rich history before European contact
The Neolithic Revolution first occurred in Africa
The African societies flourished at the same time
51
Which statement about the social structure in Europe during the Middle Ages is most accurate?
the practices of the church led to classless society
The nobles encouraged social mobility
industrialization led to the growth of socialism in Europe
sharp class distinctions divided European society
52
Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in W Europe was criticized for
sponsoring exploration to the Middle East
refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
being too concerned with worldly power and riches
allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to people
53
The travels of Marco Polo resulted in the
expansion of trade btwn China and Europe
decline of Mongol rule in China
introduction of gunpowder to China
use of Confucian teaching in Europe
54
The purpose of the Great Wall was to
protect the port city of Guangzhou
control the flood waters of the Hunag he and Chang Jiang
protect the Chinese from the nomadic tribes
supply food from the south to Khanbalik
55
One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in N Italy was that the region had
a shrinking aristocracy
a wealthy class invested in the arts
extensive contact with the Byzantine Empire
an absolutist gov't
56
In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in
development of towns and cities
decreased economic rivalry btwn kings
lower living standards for industrial workers
increased political power for the clergy
57
In what way was the Renaissance similar to the Tang dynasty?
The peasant class was instrumental in both
Warfare and insurrection characterized both
Religious reform was a major concern
Advances in art, technology, and learning occurred
58
What do the Maya, Aztec, and Inca have in common?
social equality
dedication to advancement of science
origin in the Andes Mountains
peaceful territorial expansion
59
Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
development of a European middle class
European renewal in learning
European involvement in the Crusades
increase in European demands for Eastern goods
60
A characteristic of both European and Japanese federalism was
a decentralized government
an adoption of Christianity
an open democratic society
the many opportunities for social mobility
61
In both Mali and the Roman Republic, ____ was an important feature of life
social and political equality
codified laws
agricultural communes
Islam
62
Why did Native American populations drastically decrease from 1492 to 1600?
crop failures brought on by poor weather
emigration of Native Americans to Euro and Africa
diseases introduced by the Spanish
wars btwn various native groups
63
Block printing, gunpowder, the abacus, porcelain making, and compass are associated with the
Byzantine Empire
Gupta Empire
Tang and Song dynasties
Ghana and Mali civilizations
64
During the 18 and 19 c., increased contact btwn Euro and Africa, Asia and S America resulted in
preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples
a return to the political and economic systems of feudalism
the exploitation of labor and resources of these continents
closer cultural cooperation btwn Euro and these continents
65
The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages can best be described as a church that
was a strong force that divided many people
favored separation from secular government
was a stabilizing force during time of weak central powers
avoided involvement in social and educational matters
66
Which style of architecture includes by stained windows, flying buttresses, and pointed arches?
neoclassical
Ionic
Corinthian
Gothic
67
The development of trade along the Mediterranean Sea led to the
beginnings of the Crusades to the Middle East
first religious wars in Europe
start of the Renaissance in Italy
decline of Greek city-states
68
W Europe is indebted to this empire that ensured survival of Christianity when it was too weak
Byzantine
Hellenistic
Mongol
Ottoman
69
In Japan btwn 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the
development of extensive trade
formation of cultural links with Europe
military conquest of China
virtual isolation of the country from the outside world
70
Which cultural element spread from the Byzantine Empire to early Russia?
silk cloth
Latin language
democratic ideas
Orthodox Christianity
71
The European feudal system represents a society based on
political ability
accumulated wealth
educational achievement
social class
72
Which factor contributed to the decline in power of European nobles in the late Middle Ages?
increase in influence of serfs
decreasing importance of towns and cities
collapse of international trade
rise of nation-states
73
Europeans had little impact on China's culture mainly b/c
the Chinese viewed their culture as superior
Confucianism prohibited the Chinese from foreign interaction
the Europeans forbid their missionaries from going to China
Japanese culutre had become dominant in China
74
Which statement best explains why Byzantine influences strongly affected Russia and E Europe
early Russia settlements located btwn Baltic and Black Sea
Russian minorities converted the Byzantine Empire to Islam
Byzantine empire spread democracy to Russia
Rulers in W Europe refused to trade with E Europe
75
The Byzantine Empire made its most important contribution to later civilization by
encouraging the spread of Buddhism
preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage
establishing trade routes to the Americas
recognizing the pope as the head of the Byzantine Church
76
The ethnocentric attitudes of the various Chinese can best be attributed to the
failure of other nations to become interested in China
cultural isolation of China
interest of Chinese scholars in other civilizations
great culutral diversity within China's borders
77
A study of early African and Asian civilizations shows that
religion had little developmental influence
men and women had equal employment opportunities
large cities were not established until Europeans came
societies usually developed along river valleys
78
The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with
materialism
human scientific achievements
religious themes
classic Greek and Roman subjects
79
One aspect common to both Shinto and Taoism is a
belief in one God
deep reverence and respect for nature
belief in the reincarnation of souls
ban on the consumption of pork
80
Btwn 800 and 1600, the W African city of Timbuktu became prosperous with the trading of
spices and silk
gold and salt
rifles and diamonds
iron ore and coal
81
The economic policy of mercantilism first developed during the
Enlightenment
Middle Ages
Age of Exploration
Scientific Revolution
82
Many achievements of Islamic civilization reached European society by way of
Middle Passage and the Columbian Exchange
conquests of the Germanic tribes and trade along Silk Road
merchant guilds and the Industrial Revolution
Crusades and E Mediterranean trading networks
83
During the early Middle Ages, W European societies were most influences by
the Byzantine emperors
elected parliaments
national monarchies
the Roman Catholic Church
84
Which statement can best be supported by the existence of Songhai, Mali, Kush, and Nubia?
They were entirely self-sufficient and discouraged trade
The societies were involved in violent civil wars
Africans established thriving civilization before Euro came
Natural geographic barriers prevented trade
85
What is the best conclusion based on the information provided by the map?
Islam's influence is rapidly decreasing in the modern world
islam has become the dominant religion in many cultures
Islam spread to religions that had culture similar to Arabia
Islam was slow to expand from its original start in Persia
86
Feudalism influence Europe and japan by
eliminating warfare
encouraging formal education
providing social stability
fostering the growth of religion
87
Notre Dame Cathedral, the Dome of the Rock, and the Great Pyramid are examples of
influence of cultural diffusion on contemporary architecture
ancient architectural monuments no longer in use
the influence of Buddhist architecture on conquered nations
architectural accomplishments that reflect religious beliefs
88
Africa's geography is characterized by
a lack of major river systems
an absence of rain forests
an irregular coastline and excellent harbors
a diverse topography
89
In W Europe, which development caused the other three?
decline of trade
rise in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
fall of Rome
breakdown of central government
90
Which POV best represents the philosophy behind the Renaissance?
The Catholic Church should be questioned and re-evaluated
Religious doctrines should not be questioned
Class distinctions in society should be re-examined
The Greek and Roman civilizations are worthy of study
91
One similarity between the Gupta dynasty and the Tang dynasty is that each dynasty
made advances in the arts, sciences, and mathematics
gained overseas colonies
promoted equality for women
developed a representative government
92
What was typical of Greece during the Golden age and Italy during the Renaissance?
racial diversity
universal suffrage/democracy
social mobility
a questioning spirit
93
What do these: Calcutta, Nanjing, Venice, Mogadishu have in common from 1200-1650?
cities of origin for major religions
Latin American societies
centers of world trade
sites of early civilization
94
In medieval Japan and medieval Europe, the feudal system was dominated by
warrior aristocrats
radical revolutionaries
peasant farmers
middle class merchants
95
Which statement best described society under medieval Christianity and traditional Islam?
Religion was a way of life that governed people
Both religions influences society by expressing equality
Religion permitted the freedom to choose how people worship
Religion played a major role only in the lives of clergy
96
Which idea was shared by the ancient Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations?
direct democracy
equality among the social classes
mercantilism
practicing rituals to please the gods
97
Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
Europeans maintained a lasting control over the Middle East
Europeans developed a tolerance of non-Christian religions
Trade between Europe and the Middle East expanded
islamic influence dominated Europe
98
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
Roots of the Roman Empire were revived
The Catholic Church was based in Italy
Italian city-states were centers of trade and manufacturing
Italy was politically unified
99
What are two indirect results of the Crusades?
Trade declined and feudal system was weakened
The Feudal system strengthened
Trade increased and the feudal system was weakened
Trade and commerce declined
100
Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire because
its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia
the pope had made it the capital of the Christian world
it was geographically isolated from surrounding empires
it was a religious center for Muslims
101
A major feature of the Golden Age of Muslim culture was the
political and economic isolation of the Arab world
persecution of Jews and Christains
adoption of democratic government
development of the foundation of modern science and math
102
From the 9th to 14th centuries, Muslim rule of conquered territories was characterized by
the creation of democratic governments
the toleration of members of other cultures
a decrease in trade and commerce
the rejection of Greek and Roman scientific works
103
As the Middle Ages ended, the rise of a middle class in W Euro can be attributed to the
self-sufficiency of the manor system
increase in trade that resulted from the Crusades
strength of Christianity in medieval Euro
economic policies of the Roman Empire
104
Which economic system is shown in this diagram?
manorialism
laissez-faire capitalism
mercantalism
socialism
105
Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14 c. Europe and 16 and 17 c. N &S America?
rise of nation states
outbreak of deadly diseases
fall of Constantinople
introduction of new military
106
The Crusades, the travels of Marco Polo, and the fall of the Byzantine Empire contributed to
growth of feudalism in Europe
decline in African slave trade
Age of Exploration in Europe
end of absolute monarchy in Russia
107
"... and in the actions of men... the end justifies the means." Who wrote this?
Montesquei
Machiavelli
Locke
Voltaire
108
The W African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai flourished btwn 700 and 1600 mainly b/c they
became religious centers considered sacred to Africans
developed self-sufficient economies
received support from European colonial governments
controlled the trade routes across the Sahara
109
What economic principle developed as a result of the trade routes on the map?
industrialism
manorialism
mercantilism
capitalism
110
Machiavelli and Hobbes both advocated that a ruler should
divide power evenly
obtain consent of the governed
obtain power from a social contract
employ absolute power
111
During the 1400s, the cities of Venice, Constantinople, and Canton achieved prominence b/c
military power led to industrialization
locations were favorable for trade
pleasant climates led to increase in populations
democratic gov'ts attracted trade
112
Which statement best reflects the effect of colonialism in Latin America?
Markets in the colonies were closed to manufactured goods
The wealth of the colonial power increased at their expense
Land was distributed equally btwn the social classes
industries in the colonies manufactured goods
113
An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the
creation of a large Christian state on the Red Sea
restoration of the Byzantine empire
destruction of Muslim military power
increase in tension between Muslims and Christians
114
One reason for the success of the cities in the Hanseatic League and Italy was that both were
isolated from the rest of Europe
accessible by water
protected by mountains
close to a network of navigable rivers
115
According to this map, which modern-day nations were ruled by the Mongols?
Saudi Arabia and Georgia
Russia and Iraq
Japan and Tibet
Iran and Thailand
116
A study of Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas would show that these ancient American civilizations
rivaled the accomplishments of Middle Eastern cultures
welcomed the new technology brought by Euro explorers
produced few cultural achievements
lived at peace with their neighbors
117
Spain's colonial policy of mercantilism affected Latin America by promoting
free and rapid trade with Asia and Africa
the production of raw materials and cash crops
respect for the rights of the indigenous
isolationism
118
The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from
imperialism
ethnocentrism
self-determination
cultural diffusion