How was the Holy Roman Emperor chosen?

He was elected by German nobles and officially appointed by the Pope.

How did the conquest of Central and South America change Spain?

Spain became the wealthiest and most powerful kingdom in Europe.

What was the primary result of the English Civil War?

Not much changed, but Parliament's power grew.

What was Cardinal Richelieu's role in history?

Chief minister to Louis XIII and creator of France's absolute royal power.

How did Clovis of Gaul establish the Merovingian Dynasty?

He tied his rule to the Pope and Catholic monasteries.

What happened after the Diet of Worms?

German princes chose between staying Catholic or becoming Lutheran.

Which of these is not a tenet of Calvinism?

There should be no ties between government and religion.

Why did the Church begin to oppose Christian Humanism?

It urged studying the Bible, which led people to question Church practices.

How did Spanish royalty combine with Austrian royalty?

Ferdinand and Isabella married their children to relatives of the Emperor.

How would one characterize the 1300s overall for the Germans, French, and English?

Internal power plays, revolts and war, and weak and strong rulers.

What two significant changes led to increased agricultural productivity?

rising temperatures and the use of more advanced tools and techniques

Which of these was not a reason the Italian Renaissance ended?

The inventors and artists who led the Renaissance got too old and died.

How did the 30 Years' War begin?

Lutherans rebelled against Ferdinand II, who formed the Catholic League.

Why did King Francis I want to be able to appoint Church administrators in France?

He was able to use the ability to reward aristocrats who served him well.

What is Scholasticism?

The idea that God gave Divine Revelation, but also logic and reason

What distinguished the classicism of the Renaissance from the Middle Ages?

Scholars treated the Classical world as separate from the Christian era.

What was the start of the break between the Byzantines and the West?

The Pope crowning another as the "true" Roman emperor.

What was the primary reason for Europeans exploring outside of the Mediterranean Sea?

They were seeking safer trade routes to make more money.

What was Jan Hus' main complaint against the Church?

He wanted everyone to be able to drink the communion wine.

Which of these is not a principle that would form Lutheranism?

The priest truly transfigured the Eucharist during Mass.

What was the main argument of the Anabaptists?

Only adults could understand faith, so infants should not be baptized.

One of the primary reasons the Church condemned people for seeking new ways to worship was…

some believed they no longer needed the Church to achieve salvation.

Why did the Portuguese colonize Brazil?

They needed to meet a new demand in the market for sugar.

When was the Magna Carta signed, and what was its purpose?

1215 CE; limit the power of the king over the aristocracy

Which of these was not a change made during the 1300s and 1400s?

The Tudors losing power to the Lancasters in England.

The basic structure of the feudal system was from top to bottom…

King-->Lords-->Knights-->Peasants

Why did the Spanish king send the Spanish Armada?

To crush the English for siding with the Dutch in the 80 Years' War.

What did Elizabeth I do to expand England's international influence?

She used the kingdom's resources to build ports, canals, and ships.

Why did many Europeans believe it was acceptable to mistreat Natives?

They thought Natives weren't human, or were demons.

What did Catherine de Medici do when her daughter was marrying a Huguenot?

She ordered her troops to hunt and slaughter Huguenots in Paris.

Which of these was not a failure of Philip II?

The Thirty Years' War in support of the Holy Roman Empire.

What is the Pax Mongolica?

A period of relative peace in the lands controlled by Mongolia.

What is Emperor Justinian most known for?

Rewriting the Roman code of law into an organized text.

Who was Oliver Cromwell?

General of Parliament's army, and later the 'Lord Protector' of England.

Why did the Netherlands rebel against Spanish rule?

Philip II sent Spanish admins to collect high taxes and micromanage.

What was the primary effect of using the three field system of agriculture?

Rotating soil use kept nutrients fresh.

How was the Christian viewpoint challenged by the discovery of the New World?

The Bible made no mention of the Americas, so some stories don't match up.

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World History Semester 2 Middle Ages to Wars of Religion

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1
How was the Holy Roman Emperor chosen?
He was elected by German nobles.
He was born into it.
He was directly crowned by the Pope.
He was elected by German nobles and officially appointed by the Pope.
2
How did the conquest of Central and South America change Spain?
Spain lost power to Portugal since they didn't establish trade with China.
Spain became the wealthiest and most powerful kingdom in Europe.
Spain became poor because they stretched their resources to thinly.
Spain lost parts of its kingdom to England and France.
3
Which of these was Luther's biggest complaint against the Catholic Church?
The sale of indulgences.
The Church collecting taxes.
The French support of the Church.
Priests being married.
4
Who was it that first set sail to completely circle the world?
Prince Henry
Ferdinand Magellan
Christopher Columbus
Amerigo Vespucci
5
What was the primary result of the English Civil War?
Parliament was totally destroyed and the monarchy took over.
The king became more powerful than ever.
The monarchy was totally destroyed and Parliament took over.
Not much changed, but Parliament's power grew.
6
With the expansion of trade, banks grew in power and wealth. The greatest was
the Tudor family.
the Medici family.
the Hapsburg family.
the Sforza family.
7
What was Cardinal Richelieu's role in history?
Chief minister to Louis XIII and creator of France's absolute royal power.
Evil dictator of France who stole land from people for himself.
A pope who first served the French king, especially in trade with Spain.
He was leader of Parliament's forces under the Lord Protector of England.
8
How did Clovis of Gaul establish the Merovingian Dynasty?
He conquered and destroyed any who opposed him.
He made an agreement with the Muslims for an army.
He tied his rule to the Pope and Catholic monasteries.
He became wealthy through trade and paid off anyone he needed to.
9
What happened after the Diet of Worms?
German princes chose between staying Catholic or becoming Lutheran.
Other kingdoms began to break from the Church to follow Martin Luther.
The Pope decided to make changes to the Catholic Church.
Martin Luther was arrested and tried for heresy.
10
Which of these is not a tenet of Calvinism?
People should live their lives according to the Bible.
The church should be ruled by elected elders and ministers.
Predestination
There should be no ties between government and religion.
11
Why did the Church begin to oppose Christian Humanism?
It urged absolute obedience to the Church, which was against the teaching.
Humanists denied the existence of God.
It supported the expulsion of non-Christians from Europe.
It urged studying the Bible, which led people to question Church practices.
12
How did Spanish royalty combine with Austrian royalty?
Ferdinand and Isabella married their children to relatives of the Emperor.
Ferdinand and Isabella used their army to dominate the Empire.
Charles V married the sister of the Holy Roman Emperor.
Philip II traded his military for the Habsburg name.
13
Who served as the English king's Chancellor, who was later beheaded?
Lorenzo de Medici
Sir Thomas Moore
Desiderius Erasmus
Niccolo Machiavelli
14
How would one characterize the 1300s overall for the Germans, French, and English?
Internal power plays, revolts and war, and weak and strong rulers.
Relatively stable, with strong rulers keeping the aristocracy in line.
They were shining beacons of hope to the surrounding kingdoms at war.
Loss of power to the Church, which became stronger than ever before.
15
What two significant changes led to increased agricultural productivity?
slash and burn farming and the invention of the plow
the use of more advanced tools and techniques and slash and burn farming
rising temperatures and the use of more advanced tools and techniques
rising temperatures and the invention of the plow
16
Which of these was not a reason the Italian Renaissance ended?
The invasions and warfare became too expensive.
The Protestant Reformation led to the Church cracking down on new ideas.
The inventors and artists who led the Renaissance got too old and died.
The Italians lost much of their income due to new sea routes.
17
How did the 30 Years' War begin?
Lutherans rebelled against Ferdinand II, who formed the Catholic League.
A Catholic bishop was assassinated by a Lutheran zealot.
The Swedish king attacked the Holy Roman Empire.
France attacked Spain to take the dominant position in Europe.
18
Who was the most important theologian and shaper of Scholasticism during the Medieval Period?
Thomas Aquinas
Francis of Assisi
Pope Innocent III
Hugh Capet
19
Who (kind of) won the 30 Years' War?
the Netherlands
France
Spain
the Holy Roman Empire
20
Who was the first king to build a system based on the idea of absolutism?
King Louis XIII
King Henry IV
King James I
King Henry VII
21
Who conquered the Aztec Empire?
Hernan Cortes
Pedro Cabral
Francisco Pizarro
Ponce de Leon
22
Why did King Francis I want to be able to appoint Church administrators in France?
He used the Church's name to raise taxes on the population.
He liked the idea of the Church in France answering to him.
He made family members bishops to keep them in charge of the country.
He was able to use the ability to reward aristocrats who served him well.
23
What is Scholasticism?
The idea that God gave Divine Revelation, but also logic and reason
The term referring to heightened literacy rates.
A new form of writing using the vernacular, or common language of an area.
The rejection of new knowledge not gained through Divine Revelation.
24
Who was it that first financed the Portuguese exploration of the African coastline?
Amerigo Vespucci
Christopher Columbus
Ferdinand Magellan
Prince Henry
25
What distinguished the classicism of the Renaissance from the Middle Ages?
Scholastic studies were now guided by Greek and Roman writings.
Scholars mixed Classical ideas with their knowledge of Christianity.
All people could now read Greek and Latin, not just the scholars.
Scholars treated the Classical world as separate from the Christian era.
26
What was the start of the break between the Byzantines and the West?
The Byzantine Emperor excommunicating the Pope.
The Pope excommunicating the Byzantine Emperor.
The Muslim army conquering the Holy Land.
The Pope crowning another as the "true" Roman emperor.
27
What was the primary reason for Europeans exploring outside of the Mediterranean Sea?
They wanted to eventually conquer Asia.
They wanted to spread Christianity.
They were seeking safer trade routes to make more money.
They wanted to colonize new lands for farming.
28
What was Jan Hus' main complaint against the Church?
He wanted everyone to be able to drink the communion wine.
He thought only the monks were living the way Godly men should live.
The sale of lay investiture.
The sale of indulgences.
29
Which of these is not a principle that would form Lutheranism?
All true believers can commune with God without the clergy.
Salvation was gained through faith, not by a person's actions.
The priest truly transfigured the Eucharist during Mass.
Any belief not clearly laid out by the Bible was rejected.
30
What was the main argument of the Anabaptists?
Since God was all knowing, He had predestined people to go to heaven.
One had to act right to get into heaven, not just have faith.
The Eucharist was not truly Christ's body and blood.
Only adults could understand faith, so infants should not be baptized.
31
Who started the Carolingian Empire?
Carloman I
Charles Martel
Charlemagne
Pepin the Short
32
One of the primary reasons the Church condemned people for seeking new ways to worship was…
the people were becoming anti-religion.
the Church was losing tax revenue since many no longer went to church.
some believed they no longer needed the Church to achieve salvation.
the Church was grossed out by those people beating themselves.
33
Why did the Portuguese colonize Brazil?
They needed to meet a new demand in the market for sugar.
They wanted to spread Christianity to the Natives.
They needed to expand their slave trade.
They wanted to have a presence in the New World.
34
When was the Magna Carta signed, and what was its purpose?
1215 CE; limit the power of the aristocracy under the king
1215 CE; limit the power of the king over the aristocracy
1512 CE; limit the power of the king over the aristocracy
1512 CE; limit the power of the aristocracy under the king
35
What group most reformed the Church and kept it a powerful institution?
The Holy Roman Empire
The Popes
Kings
Monasteries
36
Which of these was not a change made during the 1300s and 1400s?
The Tudors losing power to the Lancasters in England.
The dominance of two families in the east: Hapsburgs and Hohenzollerns.
The creation of paper and the Gutenberg Press.
Writing books in the vernacular, or common language.
37
The basic structure of the feudal system was from top to bottom…
Knights-->Peasants-->King-->Lords
Lords-->King-->Knights-->Peasants
Peasants-->Knights-->Lords-->King
King-->Lords-->Knights-->Peasants
38
What was the focus of economy for the Byzantine Empire?
Agriculture.
Trade with Asia.
Conquering other people.
Both trade and agriculture.
39
Why did the Spanish king send the Spanish Armada?
To keep the French from trading with England.
To finish the conquest of the New World.
To hit the Netherlands from both sea and land.
To crush the English for siding with the Dutch in the 80 Years' War.
40
What did Elizabeth I do to expand England's international influence?
She married Philip II, who was in control of much of Europe.
She gave her daughter to William the Silent as his wife.
She conquered Spain.
She used the kingdom's resources to build ports, canals, and ships.
41
Why did many Europeans believe it was acceptable to mistreat Natives?
They thought Natives weren't human, or were demons.
Natives were happy under the rule of the Europeans.
Europeans had mistreated others, so didn't think anything was wrong.
Natives weren't white, and therefore didn't deserve to be treated well.
42
What did Catherine de Medici do when her daughter was marrying a Huguenot?
She unsuccessfully tried to assassinate her new son-in-law.
She converted from Catholicism to match her new son-in-law.
She made peace with Huguenots and gave her blessing for the marriage.
She ordered her troops to hunt and slaughter Huguenots in Paris.
43
Which of these was not a failure of Philip II?
Sending the Spanish Armada to destroy England.
The Thirty Years' War in support of the Holy Roman Empire.
Supported French Catholics against the Huguenots.
Sending the largest land army to dominate the Netherlands.
44
What is the Pax Mongolica?
A period of war between Mongolia and China.
A period of uprisings and revolts against Mongolian rule.
A period of relative peace in the lands controlled by Mongolia.
A period of exploration that expanded the boundaries of Mongolia.
45
Who conquered the Inca Empire?
Pedro Cabral
Hernan Cortes
Ponce de Leon
Francisco Pizarro
46
What is Emperor Justinian most known for?
Rewriting the Roman code of law into an organized text.
Breaking away from the Roman Catholic Church.
Persecuting Christians.
Conquering the Holy Land.
47
Who united the Mongolians and began the process of conquering Asia?
Genghis Khan
Guyuk
Ogedei
Kublai Khan
48
Who was Oliver Cromwell?
The chief minister to King Charles I.
The leader of the king's forces against Parliament.
General of Parliament's army, and later the 'Lord Protector' of England.
The Puritan leader trying to drive out all non-believers.
49
Why did the Netherlands rebel against Spanish rule?
They liked Charles V, but hated Philip II.
They thought Spain was too busy with England to be able to stop them.
Philip II sent Spanish admins to collect high taxes and micromanage.
The Calvinists hated Catholics and wanted to drive them out.
50
What was the primary effect of using the three field system of agriculture?
It allowed for more crops to be grown and more money to be made.
More people were able to farm and make money.
Farmers were able to grow more crops on less land.
Rotating soil use kept nutrients fresh.
51
How was the Christian viewpoint challenged by the discovery of the New World?
The Bible supported slavery, but Christians knew it was wrong.
They believed the world was much smaller, as calculated by ancient people.
They discovered new animals not mentioned before in the Bible.
The Bible made no mention of the Americas, so some stories don't match up.
52
Before he became the Prophet, what sort of life did Muhammad have?
He was a beggar on the street.
He was a Persian general.
He ruled as governor of Mecca.
He was a wealthy merchant.
53
Who is the only outsider to ever completely conquer China?
Guyuk
Genghis Khan
Kublai Khan
Ogedei
54
What did Luther do when he saw advertisements for indulgences supported by the Pope?
He wrote letters to Rome demanding indulgences be ended.
He did his best to tear all the advertisements down.
He preached and convinced people to turn against the Church.
He wrote 95 complaints about the Church and distributed them.
55
What was the result of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
It gave the Spanish all lands to the west and the Portuguese the east.
It made the conquest of new lands legal in the eyes of the Church.
It established the Portuguese colony in Brazil.
It made it legal for the Europeans to violently spread Christianity.
56
Why did Pope Urban II send an army of Knights to take the Holy Land from Turks?
The Byzantine Emperor asked him for help.
He wanted to control the region.
The Knights were getting lazy, so he gave them a job.
He wanted to expand his power and act as a king.
57
What major kingdom supported the Catholics in the 30 Years' War? The Protestants?
Spain; France
Spain; the Netherlands
France; the Netherlands
France; England
58
All Humanists agreed that
the Greeks were superior to the Romans for studying man.
true Christians did not need to study the accomplishments of man.
they should emphasize the importance of men shaping the world.
the Romans were superior to the Greeks for studying man.
59
The most controversial thinker of the Renaissance was ______________ .
Cesare Borgia
Leonardo da Vinci
Lorenzo de Medici
Niccolo Machiavelli
60
Why did Columbus think he could sail to Asia when everyone else disagreed?
He thought there would be islands on the way where he could resupply food.
He trusted that God would keep him alive.
He knew all along that there were two continents in the way.
He believed the world was smaller than everyone else thought.
61
Why did peasants decide to rise up against the aristocracy during the 1300s?
They assumed no one would mind if they didn't rebel against the king.
They had enough of the high taxes, disease, starvation, and wars.
They saw the aristocracy as weak as wars continued to ravage the land.
They decided to raise their status, and realized war was the only way.
62
The War of the Roses was
a war fought between the English and Scottish for Scottish independence.
a civil war fought for control of the English crown.
a war fought over the love of an aristocratic woman.
one of the many wars that made up the Hundred Years' War.
63
What was the ultimate result of the fall of Western cities?
All wealth was in the form of crops.
Rural areas and farming became the focus for most people.
Plague took hold and the population suffered.
Islamic armies were able to conquer most of Europe.
64
How did the Pope build such a massive army of knights for the Crusades?
He merely asked for people, and they came because they wanted to fight.
He offered plenary indulgences, which were automatic spaces in heaven.
He bribed kings with privileges to provide their armies.
He paid an entire army of mercenaries.
65
What was the primary reason Native American populations were mostly wiped out?
War between tribes meant Europeans didn't have to do much to take over.
Europeans infected them with new, devastating diseases.
Poor crop yield was already affecting Native population before contact.
Europeans brought advanced weapons to wage war.
66
What role did William the Silent play in history?
He was the leader of Holland against the Spanish during the 80 Years' War.
He designed the Peace of Westphalia to end the war.
He married Elizabeth I's daughter, making him the new king of England.
He kept a great secret, allowing the Spanish to dominate the French.
67
Which ruler pushed the beliefs and practices of the Anglican church the most?
Elizabeth I
Henry VIII
Mary I
Edward VI
68
Which of these was not a promise King Richard II made to diffuse the situation with the rebelling peasants?
End lay investiture.
Take away laws that kept rents high.
Revoke laws keeping wages down.
Abolish serfdom.
69
Who was it who suggested marrying the sister of the French king to end hostilities?
Francis I
Philip II
Henry of Navarre
Henry VIII
70
The primary impact of Joan of Arc was
to provide a focus for the English to attack.
to inspire French forces and turn the tide of the Hundred Years' War.
she revolutionized convents in France.
she helped King Charles VII gain his crown.
71
What was the main cause of the English Civil War?
The Puritans wanted to run the country rather than the Anglicans.
A foreigner became king, and the people rose up to kick him out.
The king refused to agree to Parliament's terms.
James I was seen as “not Protestant enough”.
72
What did King Henry IV do to bring peace to France?
Banished Huguenots from France
Married Catherine de Medici
Issued the Edict of Nantes
Signed the Peace of Westphalia
73
For what reason did the English King decide to break away from the Catholic Church?
He wanted an annulment from his wife because she hadn't birthed a son.
He truly believed the Anglican church had better ideas.
He wanted to fight France, but the Pope didn't approve of the war.
He wanted to take the wealth of the Church for himself.
74
What is the dominant theory of the origin of the Black Death?
Contact with the New World brought new diseases back to Europe.
Infected people were sent into cities as a form of biological warfare.
Trade with the east brought flea infected rats to Europe from Mongolia.
As livestock died within cities, their diseases passed to people.
75
What was the Babylonian Captivity during the 1300s?
The time of war with the Ottoman Empire.
The time when the Pope was held in the French city of Avignon.
When the Muslims conquered Constantinople.
When the English captured the French king during the Hundred Years' War.
76
The primary purpose of cities in the High Middle Ages was to provide…
administration, trade, and education
protection for the countryside
an area for Universities to develop education
an area for kings to rule
77
What does the term mestizo mean?
It's Spanish for mosquito, a new bug discovered in the Americas.
A child with a mix of Spanish or Portuguese with Native American.
It was an alternative word used to describe local Native Americans.
It referred to the new spice trade developed with the East.
78
Which group believed only Mohammad's descendents could rule?
Abbasids
Shi'ites
Sunni
Turks
79
What was a major result of contact with the Muslims during and after the Crusades?
Arabian become a dominant religion in areas near the Holy Land.
Christians developed a deep hatred of Muslims.
Europe regained lost knowledge from the Romans and Greeks.
New technologies led to new forms of war.
80
What was the primary cause of the Renaissance in Italy?
New beliefs in the abilities of men create new ideas.
Italy simply had more talented artists during this time period.
Commerce led to wealth, and wealth led to patrons of the arts.
Students returned from schools abroad with new ideas.
81
What was the new study of the early Roman Church Fathers and the New Testament called?
Christian Humanism
Northern Renaissance
Scholasticism
Church History
82
What was the result of Charlemagne arranging the election of and defending Pope Leo III?
War with Italy.
He was able to spread Christianity to the Muslims in Africa.
He was soon crowned the true Roman Emperor.
He split his kingdom among his sons.
83
Why would one join a guild?
Guilds became more powerful than even the Church.
Guilds were a stepping stone to rising socially.
Guilds were the easiest way to get a job.
Guilds controlled prices, wages, and trade in many cities.
84
What is lay investiture?
The ability of highly appointed clergy to overrule local rulers.
The ability of non-clergy to appoint people to positions in the Church.
The right of the pope to control kings and clergy in Europe.
The right of the emperor to appoint the next pope.
85
Who was the first to realize Spain had discovered a new continent and called it the New World?
Ferdinand Magellan
Christopher Columbus
Prince Henry
Amerigo Vespucci
86
How did Ferdinand and Isabella gain legitimacy in the eyes of the world?
They tied their rule to the Church.
They were the first to be Protestant, expanding their power.
They promoted freedom of religion to all.
They taxed their people so much they were able to buy influence.
87
Which of these was not an action of the Council of Trent?
The creation of an army to combat Protestantism.
Required clergy to train in seminaries in order to end abuses of power.
Laid out specific differences with the Protestant Reformation.
Came up with a list of dangerous books to be banned.
88
What economic shift occurred at the same time as the wars of religion?
Spain gained massive wealth and solidified their control in Europe.
Inflation mixed with higher grain prices devastated commoners.
The aristocracy lost much of their wealth and many became commoners.
France took control of European trade and became the hub of culture.
89
How was European expansion into Asia different from the Americas?
No one would convert to Christianity, despite many attempts.
It was difficult to learn local languages, making expansion difficult.
They couldn't conquer people, and instead had to work with the locals.
They weren't allowed to create colonies in Asia.
90
Which of these was not a result of the 30 Years' War?
Borders of the main kingdoms were adjusted.
Spain was reduced in power, and France became the strongest kingdom.
the Holy Roman Empire was reformed into the kingdom of Germany.
The population of Germany was reduced by about 30%.
91
What did peasants do to try to keep from starving to death in the early 1300s?
They begged for food from the aristocracy.
They ate dead people.
They ate rotting meat from dead animals.
They ate the seeds for the next planting season.
92
Why did the English Parliament dislike King Charles I?
He began taxing the aristocracy, not just the commoners.
He persecuted the Catholics within the kingdom.
He disbanded them and ruled the kingdom absolutely.
He imposed taxes and laws without calling Parliament for approval.
93
Why did Ivan III claim he began the “Third Roman Empire”?
He thought the claim would give him legitimacy.
He thought others would fear him if he acted like the Roman emperors.
He married the niece of the Byzantine emperor, so he was related.
He believed the Rus originally came from Rome before moving north.
94
What did the Islamic Empire focus on for their economy?
Trade in large cities.
Agriculture
Stealing wealth by conquering distant lands.
Agriculture and trade with China.
95
Which of these allowed local princes to determine the religion of his province?
Peace of Augsburg
Treaty of Munster
Treaty of Osnabruck
Peace of Westphalia

World History Semester 2 Middle Ages to Wars of Religion Flashcards | StudBud