_____ reflects Ellis's most recent inclusion in his theory of cognitive therapy.

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

Cognitive dissonance theory predicts that after Lamar bought a Yugo instead of a Ford, he would _____.

focus on the positive features of his Yugo

Evolutionary perspectives emphasize ____________ in the development of psychological disorders.

exaggerated forms of adaptive behavior

Most psychologists agree that defense mechanisms _____.

can be healthy when not used excessively

This is NOT a major area of concern related to the psychological health of women in Western cultures.

poorer treatment effectiveness or outcome

According to your text, the major objective of the MMPI-2 is to _____.

assist in the diagnosis of psychological disorders

The REASON a person being paid $1 to lie changes her or his attitude more than the person being paid $50 to lie is that

$1 was insufficient justification for arguing against managed care

According to research, which of the following does NOT reduce aggression?

channeling aggressive impulses into harmless activities

Research suggests that Beck's and Ellis's cognitive therapies work for _____.

depression, anxiety, bulimia, and addiction disorders

Which of the following is true about the Stanford Prison study?

there were no clear measurements of the dependent variable

Which of the following is FALSE regarding objective personality tests?

They provide information about a limited number of personality traits.

In family therapy, the identified patient _____.

has often been blamed for problems in the family's interactions

Which group in the Milgram study would be MOST likely to deliver 450 millivolts of shock to the learner?

the teacher watches two other confederates deliver shock

Traditional antipsychotics appear to _____.

decrease activity at dopamine synapses

What can you use to explain prejudice?

competition for limited resources

On the Thematic Apperception Test, people are asked to look at an ambiguous scene and ______.

tell a story about what has, is, and will happen in the scene

This is a characteristic of schizophrenics patients whose family's communications is

criticism, hostility, and overinvolvement with the patient

In psychoanalysis, free association refers to _____.

reporting whatever comes to mind without monitoring its contents

Which of the following psychologists is MOST likely engaged in an observational assessment of personality?

Dr. C. watches how 6-year-old Omar plays with others in his new classroom.

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PSY 2012 Chapters 12-15

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1
_____ reflects Ellis's most recent inclusion in his theory of cognitive therapy.
Directed-Emotional-Behavioral Therapy (DEBT)
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
Rational Event-related Action Learning (REAL)
Behavior-Management Therapy (BMT)
2
Chronic, uncontrollable, excessive worrying about nothing in particular is associated with _____.
obsessive-compulsive disorder
hysteria
generalized anxiety disorder
panic attack
3
The id's attempts at immediate gratification of needs and avoidance of pain are controlled and channeled by the _____.
ego and superego
ego
parents and other authority figures
superego
4
Cognitive dissonance theory predicts that after Lamar bought a Yugo instead of a Ford, he would _____.
complain about the Ford features he couldn't get with his Yugo
notice the problems with his Yugo that he ignored before
focus on the positive features of his Yugo
regret his decision
5
Romantic love is usually based on _____.
reality
mystery and fantasy
realistic expectations
the pleasure principle
6
This principle asserts that the ego tries to meet the demands of the id, superego, and the realities of the environment.
reality
compromising
environmental demands
morality
7
Evolutionary perspectives emphasize ____________ in the development of psychological disorders.
conditioning and modeling
unconscious tensions
blocked personal growth
exaggerated forms of adaptive behavior
8
Schizophrenia is more severe in _____________.
older adults
men
There is no gender difference.
women
9
Each of the following is impulse control disorder EXCEPT ___________.
pyromania
kleptomania
excessive gambling
bipolar disorder
10
Most psychologists agree that defense mechanisms _____.
are unhealthy and should be eliminated through therapy
are a sign of emotional damage that cannot be corrected in therapy
are used excessively by most people in modern society
can be healthy when not used excessively
11
A learned predisposition to respond cognitively, affectively, and behaviorally to a particular object is known as _____.
a concept
a belief
an attitude
a schema
12
This is NOT a major area of concern related to the psychological health of women in Western cultures.
the stresses related to violence against women
the stresses of poverty and multiple roles
poorer treatment effectiveness or outcome
the higher rate of diagnosis and treatment for mental disorders among women
13
According to your text, the major objective of the MMPI-2 is to _____.
assess a person's propensity to lie or distort the truth
determine workplace functioning
determine whether a patient's personality is normal
assist in the diagnosis of psychological disorders
14
This is NOT an important element in Sternberg's concept of loving.
similarity
passion
intimacy
commitment
15
The REASON a person being paid $1 to lie changes her or his attitude more than the person being paid $50 to lie is that
arguing against an attitude would not cause a change in that attitude
$1 was insufficient justification for arguing against managed care
doing what the exper wants should be reward enough without getting money
$50 was overcompensation for arguing against managed care
16
The dramatic reduction in numbers of hospitalized patients is primarily attributable to _____.
biomedical therapy
psychoanalysis
drug therapy
psychosurgery
17
MRI studies of people with schizophrenia have found that they have _____ compared to people without schizophrenia.
smaller frontal lobes
larger temporal lobes
smaller cerebral ventricles
larger cerebral ventricles
18
According to research, which of the following does NOT reduce aggression?
improving communication skills
introducing incompatible responses
improving social skills
channeling aggressive impulses into harmless activities
19
_____ appear(s) to have the largest influence (40 to 50%) on personality.
Shared environments
Unknown factors
Genetics
The unshared environment
20
Research suggests that Beck's and Ellis's cognitive therapies work for _____.
schizophrenia and the related disorders
depression and anxiety disorders only
severe psychotic disorders
depression, anxiety, bulimia, and addiction disorders
21
In the _____, helping behavior is motivated by concern for someone in need of help.
sympathy-ego model
social instinct hypothesis
egoistic model
empathy-altruism hypothesis
22
Which of the following was NOT a treatment for abnormal behavior in earlier times?
phrenology
trephining (boring holes in the skull)
torture
exorcism
23
Used excessively, defense mechanisms can be dangerous because they _____.
hide true feelings
become ineffective
distort reality
become fixated
24
According to Sternberg, trouble occurs when one of the partners has ___________ need for one or more of the components.
higher or lower
equal
lower
higher
25
Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?
antianxiety drug: Valium
mood stabilizer drug: lithium
antidepressant drug: Prozac
antipsychotic drug: insulin
26
Which of the following is true about the Stanford Prison study?
there were no clear measurements of the independent variable
all of the part. in the study came into the study with some psy condition
there were no clear measurements of the dependent variable
there was a control group in the study
27
Which of the following is FALSE regarding objective personality tests?
They provide information about a limited number of personality traits.
They take little time to administer and score
People may attempt to fake their answers
They may be culturally biased.
28
Which of the following is NOT a proposed reason why women are more likely to manifest major depression than men?
unhappy marriages
hormones
ruminative thought processes
learned behavior patterns
29
The rational part of the psyche that deals with reality is called
ego
id
superego
none of these options
30
Which type of schizophrenia has a better chance for recovery?
undifferentiated
catatonic
negative
positive
31
Compared to _____ theories that describe personality, _____ theories attempt to explain personality.
trait; psychoanalytic
behavior; trait
psychoanalytic; humanistic
humanistic; behavior
32
A _____ is a combination of words and phrases into incomprehensible sentences.
word salad
pragmatic error
flight of ideas
word soup
33
In family therapy, the identified patient _____.
has often been blamed for problems in the family's interactions
slows down progress if he is unwilling to realize & work on his problem
is the member with the deepest disturbance
is the member with the most problems
34
Developed by Freud & seeks to bring unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness
psychoanalysis
the "empty chair" technique
transference
cognitive restructuring
35
Which of the following techniques would a behavioral therapist use to treat a client?
free association
observational learning
restructuring
transference
36
Which group in the Milgram study would be MOST likely to deliver 450 millivolts of shock to the learner?
the authority figure is not in the same room with the teacher
the teacher watches two other confederates deliver shock
the teacher gets to choose the level of shock
the learner is 1.5 feet away from the teacher
37
Traditional antipsychotics appear to _____.
target specific dopamine receptors
increase activity at dopamine synapses
decrease activity at dopamine synapses
target specific serotonin receptors
38
This is the innate tendency toward growth that results in the full realization of a person's highest potential
self-promotion
self-realization
self-actualization
self-potentiation
39
What can you use to explain prejudice?
displaced aggression
operant conditioning
competition for limited resources
stereotypes
40
Maintaining a nearly immobile stance is characteristic of _____.
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
41
Kaitlyn believes she failed her exam bc the teacher made the questions impossible to answer. She engaged in
impression management
attribution
stereotaxic determination
person perception
42
ECT is used primarily to treat _____.
depression
phobias
schizophrenia
conduct disorders
43
Stereotyping that occurs without conscious awareness is referred to as _____________.
discrimination
implicit bias
ingroup bias
outgroup homogeneity
44
A constructive way to maintain companionate love is to _____.
overlook each other's faults
overlook your partner's faults; point out your own
be realistic about each other's faults
point out each other's faults
45
On the Thematic Apperception Test, people are asked to look at an ambiguous scene and ______.
tell a story about what has, is, and will happen in the scene
report what it looks like to them
nonverbally represent their reactions to the scene
explain how they feel about the scene
46
The result of the ego's failure to satisfy both id and superego is _____.
conscious anxiety
fixation
regression
unconscious guilt
47
Which of the following is NOT a talk-oriented approach to therapy?
cognitive
behavioral
humanistic
psychoanalytical
48
This is a characteristic of schizophrenics patients whose family's communications is
emotional withdrawal and oversimplified interactions
word salad, neologisms, and circumstantial speech
telegraphic speech
criticism, hostility, and overinvolvement with the patient
49
The latency stage of development typically occurs from ________.
6 years to puberty
3 to 6 years of age
puberty to adult
birth to 2 years of age
50
In psychoanalysis, free association refers to _____.
a thought process that has no underlying cause or motivation
purposefully bizarre and disconnected associations
reporting whatever comes to mind without monitoring its contents
unproductive sessions for which the client is not charged
51
Which of the following psychologists is MOST likely engaged in an observational assessment of personality?
Dr. Lee makes a note on his att record of students who are late to class.
Dr. Tsoples notices that her friend is tailgating the car ahead of them.
Dr. A. tells his wife that she is drinking too much during the ball game
Dr. C. watches how 6-year-old Omar plays with others in his new classroom.
52
The degree of positive feelings you have toward others is called _____.
interpersonal attraction
affective connections
interpersonal attitudes
affective relations
53
According to Freud, repressed sexual and aggressive urges are housed in the __ mind.
conscious
unconscious
both a and c
preconscious
54
Which of the following disorders consists of mutism, involuntary movement, and incomprehensible language?
Koro
possession by the Zar
ataque de nervios
brain fog
55
Regarding aggresion, which one of the followings is NOT supported by research?
Specific parts of the brain are implicated in aggression.
Some people are genetically predisposed
Food additives and preservatives play a role in aggression.
Substance abuse is a major factor in aggression.
56
Which of the following personality theorists contributed the concept of power envy?
Jung
Freud
Horney
Adler
57
The part of the psyche that Freud thought was the reservoir of mental energy is the _____.
unconscious
id
ego
preconscious
58
The Rorschach inkblot test and the Thematic Apperception Test are examples of _____ tests.
the most reliable and valid personality
culturally biased personality
aptitude and achievement
projective personality
59
Rogerian therapists create a therapeutic relationship by focusing on the following important qualities of communication:
empathy, unconditional positive regard, analysis, and active listening.
empathy, conditional positive regard, genuineness, and active listening.
empathy, unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and active listening.
empathy, conditional positive regard, genuineness, and passive listening.
60
_________ is characterized by impulsivity, and an instability of mood, relationships, and self-image
Borderline personality disorder
Schizophrenia
Dissociative identity disorder
Antisocial personality disorder
61
One of the most successful applications of operant conditioning has been with ___________.
developing language skills in autistic children
helping men overcome anger management issues
helping women overcome domestic violence
developing language skills in children with ADHD
62
Which of the following is FALSE about the DSM-IV-TR?
relies on psy explanations for mental dis rather than on medical model
It completely describes symptoms of mental disorders.
It provides standardized diagnoses
It reflects a western European and American perspective of mental disorders
63
The awareness of one's true inner thoughts and feelings and the ability to share them authentically with others
unconditional regard
active sharing
intimate interaction
genuineness
64
After being savagely assaulted, Roswald suffered from dissociative amnesia and was unable to recall _____.
how to speak
how to read and write
his name and address
how to operate his car and computer
65
Compared to individualist cultures, this is less commonly seen in collectivist cultures.
prejudice and discrimination
the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias
less aware of situational constraints on behavior
attributions
66
Which of the following is a symptom of poor decision-making?
poor search for relevant information
recognizing the risks associated with the preferred choice
unbiased processing of information
development of a contingency plan
67
Which of the following is true of people who possess an internal locus of control?
They believe that outside events dominate their lives.
They usually achieve more.
They are generally in better mental health.
They are less likely to put effort into the tasks that they complete.
68
The risk for bipolar disorder in the general population is between _________.
0.5 and 1.6%
5 and 20%
10 and 20%
2.5 and 5%
69
Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages of development?
oral > phallic > anal > latency > genital
oral > latency > anal > genital > phallic
oral > anal > genital > latency > phallic
oral > anal > phallic > latency > genital
70
A major premise underlying psychoanalytic or psychodynamic theories of personality is that _____.
unconscious motives direct all behavior, positive or negative
uncons forces causes negative beh & conscious forces causes positives
conscious thoughts and feelings overcome unconscious motives
unconscious forces have an enormous impact on our behavior
71
Adler believed the primary motivation in life is to overcome _____.
basic anxiety
feelings of superiority
collective unconscious fears of the anima and animus
feelings of inferiority
72
An African American person is given a job because he is the best-suited person for the job is an example of
prejudice
both prejudice and discrimination
neither prejudice nor discrimination
discrimination
73
A relatively stable and consistent characteristic that can be used to describe someone is known as a(n) _____.
character
personality
trait
temperament
74
The two major attribution mistakes people tend to make are _____.
stereotypes and biases
the fundamental attribution error and the self-serving bias
the actor bias and the observer bias
situational attributions and dispositional attributions
75
The study of how other people influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions is called _____.
sociology
social psychology
social science
sociobehavioral psychology
76
Interpersonal theory focuses primarily on a client’s _______________.
past failed relationships with others
current relationships
internal feelings
early childhood
77
A deep brain stimulation involves drilling two tiny holes into the _________.
skull
frontal lobes
neck
medulla
78
According to your text, one of the BEST definitions of personality is your _____.
innate disposition toward the world and environment
unique and relatively stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions
innate tendencies to think, act, and feel a certain way in all situations
relatively stable characteristics that describe you
79
Rotter believed that personality or behavior is determined by your _____.
self-expectancies
cognitive expectancies
self-reinforcers
cognitive reinforcers
80
In Rogers’s theory of personality, maladjustment is the result of _____.
phenomenology
an incompatibility between self-concept and self-esteem
incongruence between self-concept and life experiences
conditioned emotional responses
81
According to Jung, our collective unconscious consists of _____.
the "archaeology of the soul"
the collective preconscious
inherited archetypes
one's cultural architecture
82
Which of the following statements about the applicability of psychoanalysis is FALSE?
Patients spend too much time looking for reasons for their behavior
It is too time consuming and expensive for the average patient
There is a lack of scientific credibility
It only works with severe mental disorders.
83
Bandura said that this involves a person's belief about whether he can engage in behaviors related to personal goals
self-actualization
self-congruence
self-esteem
self-efficacy
84
Which of the following is NOT a belief shared by both psychoanalysts and cognitive therapists?
Many thoughts and beliefs that create problems are unexamined by patients
An exploration of thoughts and beliefs can lead to important insights.
Behavior changes are the result of insight and catharsis.
Altering destructive thoughts can improve a person's effectiveness in life.
85
A cultural rule of behavior that prescribes what is acceptable or unacceptable in a given situation is called a _____.
meta-rule
behavioral determinant
norm
motivator
86
The most widely researched and clinically used self-report, personality test is the _____.
TAT
SVII
MMPI-2
Rorschach inkblot test
87
Egocentrism, lack of a conscience, impulsive behavior, and superficial charm are characteristic of someone _____.
with an antisocial personality disorder
with a narcissistic personality disorder
with schizophrenia in remission
in the manic phase of a bipolar disorder
88
The use of ambiguous, unstructured stimuli to assess personality is called _____ testing.
subjective
projective
discriminative
inductive
89
It was thought that groups make riskier decisions than individuals do. This view of group decision-making is called
groupthink
a risky shift
a cognitive reversal
group polarization

PSY 2012 Chapters 12-15 Flashcards | StudBud