Debates over how laws will work take place

in the shadows where only experts have an idea of what is going on.

The high-profile cases Bush v. Gore and Roe v. Wade were similar in that

they both began in state courts.

performs many jobs we need and value in our society.

An annual event where the president addresses the nation is called

the State of the Union address.

The primary effect of sunshine laws has been to open up the

policy-making process to the public.

The way an issue is framed largely determines

which policy responses the government considers.

How did George H.W. Bush demonstrate the new order to his speechwriting team?

stripped white house mess privileges

Specialized court judges differ from regular federal judges in that

they are not appointed for life.

In 1829 when someone wanted to see President Jackson they would

walk right into the white house

A gas tax increase would produce all of the following benefits except

electoral advantages for incumbent politicians

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american gov. FINAL mod. 11-14 quizzes

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Questions 145

Answers

1
Originally the president would serve a four-year term, which could be renewed
indefinitely
two times
three times
four times
2
A brief submitted by a person or group that is not a direct party to the case is called
case law
amicus curiae
third party brief
legal extension
3
Free trade agreements, global warming concerns, and Middle East concerns all require the use of
economic sanctions
force
boycotts
diplomacy
4
The Constitution bars members of Congress from taking
campaign contributons
trips to their distcrict
tax breaks
any civil office
5
Today the Supreme Court hears about ________ cases a year.
200
10000
1000
80
6
The cabinet department with the most employees is
the Department of Labor.
the Department of Veterans Affairs.
the Department of Defense.
the Department of Education.
7
The daily journal of the federal government is
the federal register
the journal of rules
the hill
the new york times
8
Debates over how laws will work take place
in the glare of the media spotlight.
in the shadows where only experts have an idea of what is going on.
among elected officials in committee meetings.
in private meetings at the White House.
9
The president presides over the world's largest fighting force and is otherwise known as the
commander in chief
chief diplomat
chief legislature
chief executive
10
Prior to World War II what type of standing army did the United States have?
weak
small
strong
large
11
The use of a third party to solve a legal dispute most likely refers to the process called
mediation
adjudication
litigation
civic relations
12
The United States spends roughly ____ percent of all military spending in the world.
35
25
45
30
13
A federal worker who reports corruption or fraud is known as a
fraudster
congressional aide
whistle-blower
bureaucrat
14
The high-profile cases Bush v. Gore and Roe v. Wade were similar in that
they both addressed welfare concerns.
they both were focused on the right of privacy.
they both addressed social security concerns.
they both began in state courts.
15
The idea that the court should overturn the elected branches of government reluctantly is called
judicial activism
judicial restraint
loose constructionism
judicial reproach
16
What year was the first live televised presidential press conference?
1972
1961
1921
1945
17
The ultimate arbiter of all cases is the
trial court
federal court
superior court
US supreme court
18
Presidential approval ratings usually start above
70%
60%
90%
65%
19
The Court rule din 2010 that Congress could not change the rules of _____ and require states to expand programs.
higher education
medicare
medicaid
highway systems
20
The bureaucracy
performs unnecessary jobs in our society.
has no ties to our elected branches of government.
has no checks or balances.
performs many jobs we need and value in our society.
21
Bureaucratic officials participate in which steps in the policy-making process?
all of them
none of them
the implementation stage
the agenda setting stage
22
Presidents are elected _______ via the Electoral College.
by plurality
indirectly
by national popular vote
directly
23
An annual event where the president addresses the nation is called
the State of Affairs Talk.
the annual talk.
the State of the Union address.
the Executive Talk.
24
The case that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson was
kerematsu v. united states
gitlow v. new york
brown v. board
guinn v. united states
25
Vice presidents preside over the
senate
bureaucracy
central intelligence agency
house
26
How many women have headed cabinet-level departments?
15
36
23
31
27
The primary effect of sunshine laws has been to open up the
federal judiciary's closed-conference proceedings to the people.
policy-making process to the public.
political appointment process to outside influence.
White House decision process to outside review.
28
The central gatekeeper for the president is called the
head cabinet officer
chief of staff
press secretary
gatekeeper
29
Social Security comprises _____ of the gross domestic product of the United States.
12%
nearly 5%
23%
45%
30
The way an issue is framed largely determines
the amount of money that will be thrown at the problem.
to what degree the media will exaggerate the severity of the problem
which policy responses the government considers.
the length of time the issue will stay on the agenda.
31
According to presidential historian Stephen Skowronek, each president must address the rise and fall of
political orders
recession
inflation
turbulent wars
32
There are ____ subcommittees that deal with appropriations, organized by jurisdiction.
12
6
9
13
33
How did George H.W. Bush demonstrate the new order to his speechwriting team?
central office
stripped white house mess privileges
paid them less
moved them out of the white house
34
How many cabinet departments are there today?
11
15
7
4
35
Specialized court judges differ from regular federal judges in that
they must be appointed by the governor.
they do not require Senate confirmation.
they are not appointed for life.
they are older than federal judges.
36
Today there are more than ______ lawyers in the United States.
5 million
1.1 million
10 million
12 million
37
The idea that the executive branch can issue a rule on congressional legislation is known as
proscribed powers
legislative power
delegated powers
enumerated powers
38
The idea that judges are influenced by their peers in making legal decisions reflects the principle of
originalism
collegiality
pragmatism
legalism
39
In 1829 when someone wanted to see President Jackson they would
send an email
send a letter
make an appointment
walk right into the white house
40
A gas tax increase would produce all of the following benefits except
electoral advantages for incumbent politicians
lower health costs
lower carbon emissions
reduced imports of oil
41
American movies being in China is an example of
soft and hard power
hard power
soft power
deterrence
42
Subsidies and tax breaks are forms of
globalization
GATT
protectionism
free trade
43
Supreme Court clerks are usually
first year law students
recent law school graduates
lawyers between firms
harvard law professors
44
In practice, the US budget process
doesn't work at all
almost always runs on time
works pretty well
rarely runs on time
45
Presidential power is vaguely defined in
Article 4 of the Constitution
Article 2 of the Constitution
Article 1 of the Constitution
Article 3 of the Constitution
46
Republicans have generally organized their White House office in a manner referred to as
military precision
creativity chaos
organized chaos
personality driven
47
A clear chain of command, where all employees know who their supervisors are and who reports to them, is an example of a
patronage
spoils system
hierarchy
merit-based system
48
Public service delivery after World War II was
chaotic
center out
top down
bottom up
49
After an issue is on the agenda the next step is
writing a solution
deciding whos in charge
funding the solution
defining the problem
50
A key challenge for a smoothly run federal bureaucracy is
the lifetime tenure requirement for bureaucrats.
the lack of citizen demand for government services.
the civil service system based on merit and neutral competence.
the time
51
Which of the following has been implemented via executive order
stripping funds from sanctuary cities
regulatory rollbacks
all of the above
bans on entry from selected countries
52
The details of how policymakers control those working for them, despite the knowledge difference is
principle-agent theory
oversight
micromanagement
macro-management
53
One of the unusual things about the courts is that
the Constitution never specified the number of Supreme Court justices.
Congress has very little role in shaping the courts.
there have always been nine Supreme Court justices.
the president has very little role influencing who is on the courts.
54
The logic driving presidential appointees to head government agencies
is neutral competence.
is to ensure agency independence.
is a remnant of the responsible party model.
is to provide political direction to bureaucracies.
55
The agreed-on way to elect the president is
by congress
by the courts
through the electoral college
by political parties
56
The role of the circuit courts is to
review the trial record of cases decided in state trial courts.
review the trial record of cases decided in state appellate courts.
review the record of cases decided in mediation.
review the trial record of cases decided in district court.
57
There are two steps to the bureaucratic process of putting a law into practice:
printing and dissemination.
agenda setting and evaluation.
rulemaking and adjudication.
rulemaking and implementation.
58
The principle of judicial review is traced back to the case of
plessy v ferguson
gibbons v ogden
mccullough v maryland
marbury v madison
59
What percentage of the federal bureaucracy is active-duty military?
23
56
15
34
60
Judicial review allows the courts to
check only the executive branch
to check the executive and legislative branches
check the military
check only congress
61
In the early 1990s Vice President Al Gore spearheaded the "reinventing government" project, designed to
cut bureaucratic delays
eliminate wasteful bureaucratic agencies
deregulate the airline industry
deregulate the financial sector
62
The Supreme Court process of selecting a case is known as
rule of twelve.
the process of advise and consent.
the gang of four.
rule of four.
63
The idea that the president could demand swift and even secretive action is supported by
pluralist theory
legislative theory
unitary executive theory
inherent theory
64
Most industrial nations rely on mediation in
criminal cases
foreign policy cases
nonlegal cases
noncriminal cases
65
When does policymaking begin
public official recognize something is a problem
private companies quit doing their job
Congress passes legislation
president submits a new agenda
66
Civil servants speak
french, the language of bureaucrats
bureaucratese
legalese
latin
67
When analysts look at cost effectiveness they are looking for the
lowest cost
direct cost
highest cost
indirect cost
68
Which is an example of a policy that was added banned and then reversed and denounced by environmental activists?
noxious weed abatement
moose hunts
offshore drilling
glacier harvesting
69
Written declarations commenting on a bill that is signed into law is known as
executive declaration
public declaration
signing statement
executive decree
70
Why do NASA flights always take off from Florida?
Florida has 29 votes in the Electoral College.
Florida is at sea level.
1950s rule prohibited flight of aircraft west of the Mississippi River.
Florida has an exclusive government contract from NASA.
71
The idea that military intervention in foreign countries could produce unforeseen events is known as a
foreign power effect
diplomatic error
security trap
boomerang effect
72
Matters of finance are
social policy
foreign policy
fiscal policy
judicial policy
73
In recent years the confirmation process for presidential appointees has become
less deferential to governers preferences
tied to a campaign contributions
more difficult
easier
74
Presidential oversight of all executive agencies reflects presidential power as
chief legislature
chief diplomat
chief bureaucrat
commander in chief
75
Appointed agency leaders are tasked with steering their agencies in the direction
the workers want to go
charted by the president
charted by congress
they think best
76
A key challenge for a smoothly run federal bureaucracy is
the lifetime tenure requirement for bureaucrats.
the lack of citizen demand for government services.
the civil service system based on merit and neutral competence.
the time
77
If Congress blocks an executive initiative, the president could issue an ______ to get around Congress.
executive line-item veto
executive order
executive pardon
executive initiative
78
How often has Congress been able to override presidential vetoes?
never
most of the time
rarely
all the time
79
_________ is important because it allows presidents to win support for themselves or their ideas.
vetoing congress
debating congress
going public
withholding sensitive national security information
80
The average number of new federal regulations during the Obama Administration was
5,584
3,640
3,980
5,862
81
Which of the following is true?
The US spends more than 10% of its gross national income on foreign aid
The United States spends 1% of its gross national income on foreign aid
The United States is the largest foreign aid donor in the world.
The US spends 5 percent of its gross national income on foreign aid
82
Bureaucracies exist
in both the private and public sector.
at the federal level.
in Europe, for the most part.
only in government.
83
In order to reduce Social Security costs Congress has discussed
only paying those under the poverty level
reducing benefits
raising the age to receive benefits
eliminating the program
84
Which of the following is true?
The US spends much more on armed forces than the rest of the world
The United States spends less on armed forces than the rest of the world.
The US spends as much on armed forces as the rest of the world combined
The US spends as much on armed forces as Russia and China combined
85
US national security threats include
health pandemics
all of the above
terrorism
global warming
86
Muller v. Oregon was a case that
addressed the number of hours women could work.
addressed the rights of former slaves.
addressed the rights of farm workers.
addressed the concerns of corporations.
87
Which of the following is an example of a federal agency designed to serve a clientele group?
Homeland Security
agriculture
State Department
Department of Justice
88
According to a panel of historians, who was the top-ranking president?
ronald reagan
franklin roosevelt
abraham lincoln
harry truman
89
The shortest presidency was
William Henry Harrison
harry truman
john adams
George W. Bush
90
What decade saw the public's faith in government tumble?
late 1930s
late 1960s
late 1950s
late 1940s
91
The official statement of the Court is known as
the remand
the concurrent opinion
the dissent
the majority opinion
92
The Korematsu case was significant because it was
one of the first to use the strict scrutiny test
one of the first cases to use the grave and probable danger test.
one of the first cases to use the bad tendency rule.
one of the first cases to use the clear and present danger test.
93
The great virtue of the American policy-making system is its
ability to please citizens and create high levels of approval for Congress
remarkable tumultuousness.
removal from citizen preferences.
remarkable stability
94
The branch of the federal government that has changed the most is the
legislative
executive
all are about the same
judicial
95
The idea that a corporation was viewed as a legal person meant
corporations protected under the equal protection clause of Amendment 13
corporations protected under the equal protection clause of amendment 14
that corporations could use their own lawyers during trial.
that corporations did not have to pay federal taxes.
96
The president can act as a ________ and recommend and veto measures from Congress.
chief diplomat
chief custodian
commander in chief
chief legislature
97
How have health outcomes changed in Bootheel since the bureaucracy stepped in?
gotten worse
remain the same
improved
changed
98
There are _________ federal appellate courts.
10
94
75
13
99
According to the text, bureaucracies run on
expertise
poliitical spoils
money
paperwork
100
imbalance of Congress and the bureaucracy, bureaucrats have more&better information than the politicians who pass laws
the market model
information asymmetry
moral hazard
rent seeking
101
Holding enemy combatants without a hearing can be traced to which executive power?
expressed
delegated
inherent
reserved
102
As a total proportion of America's gross national product over the last 40 yrs, the cost of the federal bureaucracy has
grown exponentially
increased dramatically
shrunk dramatically
remained generally steady
103
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bureaucracy?
varied routines
equal rules for all
hierarchy
division of labor
104
An example of an "old order crumbles" situation can be linked to which administration?
hoover
carter
fillmore
taft
105
The branch of federal government that has changed the most is the
executive
legislative
judicial
all of the above
106
The fact that the Supreme Court has struck down statutes that supported segregation policy is a form of
judicial activism
strict constructionism
judicial restraint
legal rationalism
107
The reason the United States spends so much on the military is based on the theory of
detente
primacy
neoliberalism
diplomacy
108
The case of Marbury v. Madison and the principle of judicial review was set forth by which Supreme Court justice?
robert taney
john marshall
john marshall harlan
hugo black
109
Presidential oversight of all executive agencies reflects presidential power as
chief bureaucrat
commander in chief
chief legislature
chief diplomat
110
A judge who observes a living and changing Constitution is known as a
legalist
theorist
pragmatist
rationalist
111
Without a positive cost-benefit analysis,
it is almost impossible for a bill to pass.
the president will not sign the bill.
bills pass frequently.
the bureaucracy will not implement the policy.
112
Policy implementation is generally handled by
the senate
the house of reps
executive agencies
state legislatures
113
The first step in political action is
setting the agenda
passing a law
giving a speech
policy evaluation
114
A new order could mean which of the following?
A president seeks to avoid Congress.
A president uses the veto often.
A president refuses to address critical social issues.
A president introduces a fresh philosophy of government.
115
the Supreme Court can take a vigorous or active approach when reviewing the other governmental branches is a form of
judicial restraint
judicial activism
legal activism
common law practice
116
After the Pendleton Civil Service Act how did civil servants get their job?
spoils system
payoffs
appointment
exams
117
How many civil servants work their jobs regardless of the party in the White House?
5.7 million
3.4 million
4.2 million
2.5 million
118
When one agency does not communicate with another, to the detriment of citizens,
there is a need for a budgetary increase.
there is a surfeit of coordination.
there is a lack of coordination.
it is suffering from clienteleism.
119
The outcome of Schenck v. United States was
the clear and present danger test.
the equal protection clause.
the grave and probable danger test.
the due process clause.
120
Vice presidents vote in the Senate
when they have the chance
on controversial issues
when theres a tie
during close vetos
121
An example of a security trap would be
US-British relations
the US experience in Vietnam
US condemnation of terrorist attacks in the middle east
US-Israel relations
122
Someone adversely affected or suffering imminent harm would be able to satisfy the concept of
standing
amicus curiae
due process
justiciability
123
The policy-making process
ends upon achieving all of its goals.
ends after it is implemented.
ends after the evaluation stage.
never really ends
124
Federal courts differ from the executive and legislative branches of government because they
serve longer periods
are all from one political party
do not have an electoral base.
are above politics.
125
Santa Clara Co. v. Southern Pacific Railroad was significant because
the state of Nevada wanted to tax California's railroad.
it was the first case about the rights of the transcontinental railroad.
the state of California wanted to tax the federal railroad.
the courts treated corporations as legal persons.
126
While agency leaders frequently lobby Congress on behalf of their agency, they also complain about congressional
integrity
load shedding
pork barreling
micromanagement
127
The _______ can determine whether the president exceeded the scope of inherent powers.
senate
house
bureaucracy
supreme court
128
Most state judges
are elected by the public
are appointed by the public
have terms that are not renewable
are selected by state legislatures
129
Medicare was passed in
1935
1965
1985
1925
130
The case that struck down a Texas law outlawing abortion was
gideon v wainwright
roe v wade
miranda v arizona
mapp v ohio
131
"When there is doubt about what the Constitution holds/implies, the Supreme Court makes the call" refers to ?
centiorari
stare decisis
senatorial courtesy
judicial review
132
After all the rules are in place who implements the new policies?
president
states
bureaucracy
congress
133
If Congress blocks an executive initiative, the president could issue an ______ to get around Congress.
executive order
executive initiative
executive pardon
executive line-item veto
134
Prior to the Civil War, the single largest expense for American cities and towns was
poor relief
law enforcement
fire stations
roads
135
According to the text, public policy is
a political slogan used by both parties
what government cannot do
what government should do
what government says it does
136
During the Great Depression unemployment in Toledo, Ohio, topped out at
35%
23%
92%
80%
137
"Stand by the things decided" is the definition for which Latin term?
writ of habeas corpus
writ of mandum
stare decisis
writ of certiorari
138
Bureaus of the federal government that regulate business are dubbed
cabinets
government corporations
independent regulatory commissions
market watchers
139
If there was a breach of justice by a member of the military, that case would be heard by
a district court judge
a military judge
a state judge
an appellate court
140
One of the reasons why budget battles are so dramatic is because
one party gets what it wants and the other party gets nothing.
they always occur during an election year.
the stakes are so high.
the president and Congress have to agree on every spending measure.
141
Laws written by Congress are typically
vague
very precise
detailed
consensual
142
In the United States, the title of head of state is
ceremonial only
policy oriented only
ceremonial and policy oriented
none of the above
143
President George Washington's administration had all of the following cabinet departments except
state
treasury
interior
war
144
The largest single government program in America is
the pell grant program
medicare
social security
the military
145
Politicians from _______ routinely bash the bureaucracy.
both political parties
the civil service unions
the republican party
the democratic party

american gov. FINAL mod. 11-14 quizzes Flashcards | StudBud