Public Health Surveillance Activities:

Inferential methods = null hypothesis, Descriptive methods: various methods of describing and summarizing data, Inferential methods: data that is analyzed stats. after description/summary, Data collection, analysis, interpretation, dissemination

Definition of Health Promotion

Enables people to increase control over their own health, Interventions address and prevent the root causes of ill health, Social and environmental interventions designed to protect QOL and health

(USPSTF) Grade C: Selectively offering or providing this service to individual patients

At least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small, Based on professional judgment or patient preferences.

Example of Assurance at Federal level

Federal grants for anti-smoking research

American Public Health Association states public health is

Public health promotes the health of people and the communities, where they, live, learn, work and play

Less access to health care, Low population density, Geographic isolation, Difficulty developing and sustaining healthcare services, Environment

Example of Assurance at State level

Funding for campaign through proposition 99

Medical care specific difference

Clinical sciences essential to professional training

Medical care specific difference

Joint laboratory and patient involvement

Screening to detect or diagnose disease, injury or disability.

Lack of transportation, Fewer health care providers, Distance to care

Transgender women have higher rates of assaults than cisgender women, Women have higher rates of depression than men

10 Public Health Services (Assurance)

Build and maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health, Improve/innovate through eval, research, and quality improvement., Build a diverse and skilled workforce, Enable equitable access

Example of Macro level: (comt: community, pop: Population)

Assessment/Identification/Prioritization of pub health needs in comt, pop

Examples of SDH, Health Care Access and Quality:

Intervention Discussions, Preventative Health Measures, Insurance

Types of health promotion and disease prevention activities (Communication)

Know concepts/language/priorities for culture/setting of the communication, Research-based strats for products & to select how the message is delivered, Materials for use (brochures, billboards, radio commercials, newsletters), Health literacy/internet access/media exposure/cultural competency of pop.

Epidemiology triad: ESE

Susceptible host- the human who can get the disease, Traditional model for infectious disease, Environment- that brings the two together, External agent- chemical, physical, pathogenic cause of a disease or injury

Charles-Edward Armory states public health is

Society, Organizations, Public and Private communities, and Individuals, through the organized efforts and informed choices of, Science & art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health

Outmigration of young people leaves rural areas with more elderly residents, Often high concentrations of minorities, Lower rates of educational attainment, Higher poverty rates

Examples of SDH, Social and Community Context:

Interpersonal relationships with people in school and workplaces, Positive communication within the family, Physical activity

10 Great Public Health Achievements – US 1900-1999 (20th century)

6. Safer and healthier foods 🥗, 7. Healthier mothers and babies 🤱, 5. Decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke ♥️, 8. Family planning 👪

Examples of SDH, Economic Stability:

Poverty, Disabilities, Employment

Can be an asset or barrier to health interventions, 61.9% rural adults married compared to 50.8% urban, Includes reciprocity, cooperation, and trust among community members, Strong community ties often present

Environment examples:

Adding parks, Add new bike paths, fresh foods

10 Great Public Health Achievements – US 1900-1999 (20th century)

4. Control of infectious diseases 🦠, 2. Motor-vehicle safety 🚗, 3. Safer workplaces 🏭, 1. Vaccination 💉

Example of Policy development at Federal level

Smoking ban on commercial flights

10 Great Public Health Achievements – US 1900-1999 (20th century)

9. Fluoridation of drinking water 🚰, 10.Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard. 🚭

Example of Assessment at Federal level

National tobacco PH surveillance

policies for smoke-free zones, adding a tax to unhealthy food options

ReGSVD: Race/ethnicity

Native americans have higher all-cause mortality rate than whites, Blacks have higher risk of CV death than whites

Includes structures and systems within a given community, Needs personnel/financial resources that are not in rural communities

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Public Health Updated

100 termsStudBud Administration20 plays

Imported from external platform

Flashcards100 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 100

Answers

1
Public Health Surveillance Activities:
Inferential methods = null hypothesis
Descriptive methods: various methods of describing and summarizing data
Inferential methods: data that is analyzed stats. after description/summary
Data collection, analysis, interpretation, dissemination
2
Definition of Health Promotion
Enables people to increase control over their own health
Interventions address and prevent the root causes of ill health
Social and environmental interventions designed to protect QOL and health
3
The 4 C's Model helps assess patient understanding of disease state and medication. (Call, Caused, Cope, Concerns)
True
False
4
Prevalence: # of ALL cases of disease/injury in a population during a period of time
True
False
5
Example of Assessment at State level
Monitor state tobacco use
Report on local tobacco use
National tobacco PH surveillance
6
Education access and quality goal: Increase educational opportunities & help children and adolescents do well in school
True
False
7
(USPSTF) Grade C: Selectively offering or providing this service to individual patients
At least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small
Based on professional judgment or patient preferences.
8
ReGSVD Veteran status example: Veterans have higher rates of homelessness than non-veterans
True
False
9
Caused: What do you think caused you to get your disease?
False
True
10
Example of Assurance at Federal level
Federal grants for anti-smoking research
Funding for campaign through proposition 99
Resources to help smokers quit in multiple languages
11
USPSTF recommends that Grade A & B services offered in primary care settings to pts who meet theirestablished criteria.
True
False
12
Epidemiology: Study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states/events in spec pops.
True
False
13
American Public Health Association states public health is
Public health promotes the health of people and the communities
where they, live, learn, work and play
14
Descriptive Epidemiology: Study of disease incidence/distribution by time, place, and person.
True
False
15
ReGSVD Sexual orientation example: Majority of HIV diagnoses in gay men
True
False
16
Geography
Less access to health care
Low population density, Geographic isolation
Difficulty developing and sustaining healthcare services
Environment
17
Example of Assurance at State level
Resources to help smokers quit in multiple languages
Federal grants for anti-smoking research
Funding for campaign through proposition 99
18
Medical care specific difference
Clinical sciences peripheral to professional training
Prevention or public health emphasis
Clinical sciences essential to professional training
Public health ethic
19
(USPSTF) Grade B: There is high certainty that the net benefit is moderate to substantial and is recommended.
True
False
20
Incidence: # of NEW cases of disease/injury in a population during a period of time
False
True
21
Medical care specific difference
Clinical sciences peripheral to professional training
Public health ethic
Joint laboratory and patient involvement
Joint laboratory and field involvement
22
Health determinants: Genetics, Behavior, Environmental and physical influence, Medical care, Social factors (SDH)
False
True
23
Secondary prevention
Prevent disease or injury
Treatment to minimize the severity of disease, injury or disability
Screening to detect or diagnose disease, injury or disability.
24
Three core functions of Public health are Assessment, Policy Development, and Assurance
True
False
25
Access to care
Lack of transportation
Fewer health care providers
Distance to care
26
Policy Development: Promote the use of a scientific knowledge base in policy and decision making
False
True
27
ReGSVD: Gender
Transgender women have higher rates of assaults than cisgender women
Women have higher rates of depression than men
28
10 Public Health Services (Assurance)
Build and maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health
Improve/innovate through eval, research, and quality improvement.
Build a diverse and skilled workforce
Enable equitable access
29
Example of Macro level: (comt: community, pop: Population)
Health screening, health education
Assessment/Identification/Prioritization of pub health needs in comt, pop
Tobacco cessation
Immunizations, patient counseling
30
Public health specific difference
Public sector basis
Clinical sciences essential to professional training
Private sector basis
Joint laboratory and pt involvement
31
Examples of SDH, Health Care Access and Quality:
Intervention Discussions
Preventative Health Measures
Insurance
32
Types of health promotion and disease prevention activities (Communication)
Know concepts/language/priorities for culture/setting of the communication
Research-based strats for products & to select how the message is delivered
Materials for use (brochures, billboards, radio commercials, newsletters)
Health literacy/internet access/media exposure/cultural competency of pop.
33
Epidemiology triad: ESE
Susceptible host- the human who can get the disease
Traditional model for infectious disease
Environment- that brings the two together
External agent- chemical, physical, pathogenic cause of a disease or injury
34
Charles-Edward Armory states public health is
Society, Organizations, Public and Private communities, and Individuals
through the organized efforts and informed choices of
Science & art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health
35
Demographics
Outmigration of young people leaves rural areas with more elderly residents
Often high concentrations of minorities
Lower rates of educational attainment
Higher poverty rates
36
Examples of SDH, Social and Community Context:
Interpersonal relationships with people in school and workplaces
Positive communication within the family
Physical activity
37
10 Great Public Health Achievements – US 1900-1999 (20th century)
6. Safer and healthier foods 🥗
7. Healthier mothers and babies 🤱
5. Decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke ♥️
8. Family planning 👪
38
Examples of SDH, Economic Stability:
Poverty
Disabilities
Employment
39
Social capital
Can be an asset or barrier to health interventions
61.9% rural adults married compared to 50.8% urban
Includes reciprocity, cooperation, and trust among community members
Strong community ties often present
40
Environment examples:
Adding parks
Add new bike paths, fresh foods
policies for smoke-free zones, adding a tax to unhealthy food options
Implementing new technologies, replicating a proven health promotion model
41
Political Voice example: related to communities empowerment to improve influences on their health and well being
True
False
42
Public health specific difference
Individual patient focus
Diagnosis and treatment emphasis
Population focus
Personal service ethic
43
10 Great Public Health Achievements – US 1900-1999 (20th century)
4. Control of infectious diseases 🦠
2. Motor-vehicle safety 🚗
3. Safer workplaces 🏭
1. Vaccination 💉
44
Example of Policy development at Federal level
Increase tobacco tax
Smoking ban on commercial flights
County laws prohibiting smoking in bars
45
10 Great Public Health Achievements – US 1900-1999 (20th century)
9. Fluoridation of drinking water 🚰
10.Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard. 🚭
46
Example of Assessment at Federal level
Report on local tobacco use
National tobacco PH surveillance
Monitor state tobacco use
47
Policy examples:
policies for smoke-free zones, adding a tax to unhealthy food options
Implementing new technologies, replicating a proven health promotion model
Adding parks
Add new bike paths, fresh foods
48
ReGSVD: Race/ethnicity
Native americans have higher all-cause mortality rate than whites
Blacks have higher risk of CV death than whites
49
Infrastructure
Includes structures and systems within a given community
Needs personnel/financial resources that are not in rural communities
50
Assurance: Ensure provision of services to those in need
True
False
51
Example of Policy development at State level
County laws prohibiting smoking in bars
Smoking ban on commercial flights
Increase tobacco tax
52
Call: Do you consider you disease controlled?
False
True
53
(USPSTF) Grade I: Concludes current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits/harms of the service
Evidence is conflicting
Evidence is lacking
Balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined
Evidence is poor quality
54
System examples:
Add new bike paths, fresh foods
Implementing new technologies, replicating a proven health promotion model
policies for smoke-free zones, adding a tax to unhealthy food options
Adding parks
55
Example of Policy development at Local level
Increase tobacco tax
Smoking ban on commercial flights
County laws prohibiting smoking in bars
56
Healthcare access and quality goal: Increase access to comprehensive, high-quality health care services.
True
False
57
Example of Assessment at Local level
National tobacco PH surveillance
Monitor state tobacco use
Report on local tobacco use
58
Prominent events in the history of public health (Sanitation and environmental health):
1970: U.S. environmental protection agency founded
1840s: Public Health Act of 1848 established in the UK
500 BCE: Greeks and Romans practice community sanitation measures
59
(Education): Increasing knowledge to lead to behavior change and actions (e.g., courses/trainings)
False
True
60
SDH (Social Determinants of Health): SHEEN
Economic Stability also Education Access & Quality
Social & Community Context
Neighborhood & Built Environment
Health Care Access & Quality
61
(USPSTF) Grade A: There is high certainty that the net benefit is substantial and is recommended.
False
True
62
Concerns: What concerns do you have about taking your medication for your disease state?
False
True
63
Example of Assurance at Local level
Resources to help smokers quit in multiple languages
Funding for campaign through proposition 99
Federal grants for anti-smoking research
64
(USPSTF) stands for United States Preventive Services Task Force
True
False
65
Prominent events in the history of public health (Disaster response and preparedness, Community Response and Resilience)
Katrina: EMS, pub health surveillance, and disease tx provided
September 2001: Public health surveillance conducted after the 9/11 attacks
Biologic warfare: plague used as a weapon of war during siege of Caffa
66
Primary prevention
Screening to detect or diagnose disease, injury or disability.
Prevent disease or injury
Treatment to minimize the severity of disease, injury or disability
67
There are 8 determinants/major influences on rural health disparities (GOD-IS-DAP)
True
False
68
Prominent events in the history of public health (Prevention and policy):
Book of leviticus: the worlds first written health code → leprosy policies
Obesity: Food labeling and promotion of physical activity
Tobacco Laws: Laws banning smoking in public places
69
(USPSTF) Grade D: Recommends against this service
Dogs
The harms outweigh the benefits.
There is moderate or high certainty that the service has no net benefit
Cats
70
Economic stability goal: Help people earn steady incomes that allow them to meet their health needs
True
False
71
ReGSVD Disabilities example: Adults with any disability have higher risk of CV disease than those without
False
True
72
Leading health indicators: subset of objectives that address factors that impact major causes of deathdisease in the US
True
False
73
Example of Micro level: (comt: community, pop: Population)
Formulating policies, plans, programs
Assessment/Identification/Prioritization of pub health needs in comt, pop
Administering and evaluating a health program
Emphasize well-being of the patient
74
Types of health promotion and disease prevention activities (Communication)
verbal/written strategies promotes good changes in attitudes and behaviors
Socks
e.g., health fair, newsletter, media campaign
Raising awareness about healthy behaviors for the general public
75
Epidemiology core functions are PFAEL: Pub Health Surveillance, Field investigation, Analytical studies, Eval., Linkages
False
True
76
10 Public Health Services (Assessment)
Assess and monitor population health
Investigate/diagnose/address health hazards and root causes.
Strengthen, support and mobilize communities and partnerships
Communicate effectively to inform and educate
77
10 Public Health Services (Policy Development)
Utilize legal and regulatory actions
Communicate effectively to inform and educate
Create, champion, implement policies, plans and laws
Strengthen, support and mobilize communities and partnerships
78
SDH (Social Determinants of Health) are factors that make up a person’s life, that also affects their health.
True
False
79
LHIs help organizations, communities, and states focus resources to improve health and well-being
False
True
80
Education includes:
Completion of community needs, proficiency of staff -provide the education
Well-planned curriculum with learning activities
Presentation of information with audiovisual support (e.g., slides)
Participation of target population
81
Cope: How do you feel about your disease/meds?
True
False
82
Relevance of pharmacist involvement in public health
Provides pharmacotherapy, access to care, and prevention services
Being an accessible resource for health/medication info
Dispensing of medication
Offering patient-oriented, administrative and public health functions.
83
Assessment: Systematically collect, analyze and make available information on healthy communities.
False
True
84
Purpose of public health is?
Everyone should have a unfair and unjust opportunity to have optimal health
To protect and promote the health of all people in all communities.
85
Types of health promotion and disease prevention activities
Education
shoes
Communication
Policy, systems, and environment
86
Social and community context goal: Increase social and community support
False
True
87
Occupation
Jobs related to abundant natural resources often hazardous
Labor-related jobs often low paying and without benefit
Economy fluctuations felt profoundly
88
Examples of SDH, Education Access and Quality:
Social environment at an education setting
Math and reading skills
General school performance
89
GOD IS DAP Geography Occupation Demographics Infrastructure Social capital Digital divide Access to care Political voice
False
True
90
Examples of SDH, Neighborhood and Built Environment:
Physical activity
Water quality and supply
Neighborhood crime
91
Definition of Disease Prevention
Focuses on reducing the development and severity of other morbidities
Focuses on reducing the development and severity of chronic diseases
92
Digital divide (Example from 2011-2015 American Community Survey)
Lower rates of broadband access and adoption
23.8% rural areas do not have internet access, 17.3% do not in urban.
93
Neighborhood and built environment goal: Create neighborhoods and environments that promote health and safety.
True
False
94
Prominent events in the history of public health (Pandemics):
Polio: vaccine introduced in 1955; eradication initiative launched in 1988
Covid-19: 1.1 million deaths in U.S.
Influenza: 500 million infected worldwide in 1918
95
Policy, systems, and environment:
Improved laws, rules, and/or regulations (policy)
Functional organizational components (systems)
shoe laces
Economic, social, or physical environment
96
Tertiary prevention
Prevent disease or injury
Treatment to minimize the severity of disease, injury or disability
Screening to detect or diagnose disease, injury or disability.
97
Analytic Epidemiology: Used to test hypothesis *KEY FEATURE- a comparison group
Quantifies the association between exposure and outcomes
Concerned with the search for cause and effects, the why and the how.
Never proves that particular exposure caused a particular outcome
Tests hypothesis about causal relationships
98
Non-Zipcode Health Disparities ReGSVD stands for Race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orient., disabilities, veteran status
False
True
99
Select true statements regarding equity and equality
Equality: given the same resources or opportunities.
Equity: allocates exact resources needed to reach an equal outcome
Equality: allocates exact resources needed to reach an equal outcome
Equity: given the same resources or opportunities.
100
Healthy People 2030 is
Made by US Department of Health and Human Services
Tracks progress towards these objectives
Provides 10-year, measurable public health objectives

Public Health Updated Flashcards | StudBud

Public Health Updated

100 termsStudBud Administration20 plays

Imported from external platform

Flashcards100 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 100

Answers

1
Public Health Surveillance Activities:
Inferential methods = null hypothesis
Descriptive methods: various methods of describing and summarizing data
Inferential methods: data that is analyzed stats. after description/summary
Data collection, analysis, interpretation, dissemination
2
Definition of Health Promotion
Enables people to increase control over their own health
Interventions address and prevent the root causes of ill health
Social and environmental interventions designed to protect QOL and health
3
The 4 C's Model helps assess patient understanding of disease state and medication. (Call, Caused, Cope, Concerns)
True
False
4
Prevalence: # of ALL cases of disease/injury in a population during a period of time
True
False
5
Example of Assessment at State level
Monitor state tobacco use
Report on local tobacco use
National tobacco PH surveillance
6
Education access and quality goal: Increase educational opportunities & help children and adolescents do well in school
True
False
7
(USPSTF) Grade C: Selectively offering or providing this service to individual patients
At least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small
Based on professional judgment or patient preferences.
8
ReGSVD Veteran status example: Veterans have higher rates of homelessness than non-veterans
True
False
9
Caused: What do you think caused you to get your disease?
False
True
10
Example of Assurance at Federal level
Federal grants for anti-smoking research
Funding for campaign through proposition 99
Resources to help smokers quit in multiple languages
11
USPSTF recommends that Grade A & B services offered in primary care settings to pts who meet theirestablished criteria.
True
False
12
Epidemiology: Study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states/events in spec pops.
True
False
13
American Public Health Association states public health is
Public health promotes the health of people and the communities
where they, live, learn, work and play
14
Descriptive Epidemiology: Study of disease incidence/distribution by time, place, and person.
True
False
15
ReGSVD Sexual orientation example: Majority of HIV diagnoses in gay men
True
False
16
Geography
Less access to health care
Low population density, Geographic isolation
Difficulty developing and sustaining healthcare services
Environment
17
Example of Assurance at State level
Resources to help smokers quit in multiple languages
Federal grants for anti-smoking research
Funding for campaign through proposition 99
18
Medical care specific difference
Clinical sciences peripheral to professional training
Prevention or public health emphasis
Clinical sciences essential to professional training
Public health ethic
19
(USPSTF) Grade B: There is high certainty that the net benefit is moderate to substantial and is recommended.
True
False
20
Incidence: # of NEW cases of disease/injury in a population during a period of time
False
True
21
Medical care specific difference
Clinical sciences peripheral to professional training
Public health ethic
Joint laboratory and patient involvement
Joint laboratory and field involvement
22
Health determinants: Genetics, Behavior, Environmental and physical influence, Medical care, Social factors (SDH)
False
True
23
Secondary prevention
Prevent disease or injury
Treatment to minimize the severity of disease, injury or disability
Screening to detect or diagnose disease, injury or disability.
24
Three core functions of Public health are Assessment, Policy Development, and Assurance
True
False
25
Access to care
Lack of transportation
Fewer health care providers
Distance to care
26
Policy Development: Promote the use of a scientific knowledge base in policy and decision making
False
True
27
ReGSVD: Gender
Transgender women have higher rates of assaults than cisgender women
Women have higher rates of depression than men
28
10 Public Health Services (Assurance)
Build and maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health
Improve/innovate through eval, research, and quality improvement.
Build a diverse and skilled workforce
Enable equitable access
29
Example of Macro level: (comt: community, pop: Population)
Health screening, health education
Assessment/Identification/Prioritization of pub health needs in comt, pop
Tobacco cessation
Immunizations, patient counseling
30
Public health specific difference
Public sector basis
Clinical sciences essential to professional training
Private sector basis
Joint laboratory and pt involvement
31
Examples of SDH, Health Care Access and Quality:
Intervention Discussions
Preventative Health Measures
Insurance
32
Types of health promotion and disease prevention activities (Communication)
Know concepts/language/priorities for culture/setting of the communication
Research-based strats for products & to select how the message is delivered
Materials for use (brochures, billboards, radio commercials, newsletters)
Health literacy/internet access/media exposure/cultural competency of pop.
33
Epidemiology triad: ESE
Susceptible host- the human who can get the disease
Traditional model for infectious disease
Environment- that brings the two together
External agent- chemical, physical, pathogenic cause of a disease or injury
34
Charles-Edward Armory states public health is
Society, Organizations, Public and Private communities, and Individuals
through the organized efforts and informed choices of
Science & art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health
35
Demographics
Outmigration of young people leaves rural areas with more elderly residents
Often high concentrations of minorities
Lower rates of educational attainment
Higher poverty rates
36
Examples of SDH, Social and Community Context:
Interpersonal relationships with people in school and workplaces
Positive communication within the family
Physical activity
37
10 Great Public Health Achievements – US 1900-1999 (20th century)
6. Safer and healthier foods 🥗
7. Healthier mothers and babies 🤱
5. Decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke ♥️
8. Family planning 👪
38
Examples of SDH, Economic Stability:
Poverty
Disabilities
Employment
39
Social capital
Can be an asset or barrier to health interventions
61.9% rural adults married compared to 50.8% urban
Includes reciprocity, cooperation, and trust among community members
Strong community ties often present
40
Environment examples:
Adding parks
Add new bike paths, fresh foods
policies for smoke-free zones, adding a tax to unhealthy food options
Implementing new technologies, replicating a proven health promotion model
41
Political Voice example: related to communities empowerment to improve influences on their health and well being
True
False
42
Public health specific difference
Individual patient focus
Diagnosis and treatment emphasis
Population focus
Personal service ethic
43
10 Great Public Health Achievements – US 1900-1999 (20th century)
4. Control of infectious diseases 🦠
2. Motor-vehicle safety 🚗
3. Safer workplaces 🏭
1. Vaccination 💉
44
Example of Policy development at Federal level
Increase tobacco tax
Smoking ban on commercial flights
County laws prohibiting smoking in bars
45
10 Great Public Health Achievements – US 1900-1999 (20th century)
9. Fluoridation of drinking water 🚰
10.Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard. 🚭
46
Example of Assessment at Federal level
Report on local tobacco use
National tobacco PH surveillance
Monitor state tobacco use
47
Policy examples:
policies for smoke-free zones, adding a tax to unhealthy food options
Implementing new technologies, replicating a proven health promotion model
Adding parks
Add new bike paths, fresh foods
48
ReGSVD: Race/ethnicity
Native americans have higher all-cause mortality rate than whites
Blacks have higher risk of CV death than whites
49
Infrastructure
Includes structures and systems within a given community
Needs personnel/financial resources that are not in rural communities
50
Assurance: Ensure provision of services to those in need
True
False
51
Example of Policy development at State level
County laws prohibiting smoking in bars
Smoking ban on commercial flights
Increase tobacco tax
52
Call: Do you consider you disease controlled?
False
True
53
(USPSTF) Grade I: Concludes current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits/harms of the service
Evidence is conflicting
Evidence is lacking
Balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined
Evidence is poor quality
54
System examples:
Add new bike paths, fresh foods
Implementing new technologies, replicating a proven health promotion model
policies for smoke-free zones, adding a tax to unhealthy food options
Adding parks
55
Example of Policy development at Local level
Increase tobacco tax
Smoking ban on commercial flights
County laws prohibiting smoking in bars
56
Healthcare access and quality goal: Increase access to comprehensive, high-quality health care services.
True
False
57
Example of Assessment at Local level
National tobacco PH surveillance
Monitor state tobacco use
Report on local tobacco use
58
Prominent events in the history of public health (Sanitation and environmental health):
1970: U.S. environmental protection agency founded
1840s: Public Health Act of 1848 established in the UK
500 BCE: Greeks and Romans practice community sanitation measures
59
(Education): Increasing knowledge to lead to behavior change and actions (e.g., courses/trainings)
False
True
60
SDH (Social Determinants of Health): SHEEN
Economic Stability also Education Access & Quality
Social & Community Context
Neighborhood & Built Environment
Health Care Access & Quality
61
(USPSTF) Grade A: There is high certainty that the net benefit is substantial and is recommended.
False
True
62
Concerns: What concerns do you have about taking your medication for your disease state?
False
True
63
Example of Assurance at Local level
Resources to help smokers quit in multiple languages
Funding for campaign through proposition 99
Federal grants for anti-smoking research
64
(USPSTF) stands for United States Preventive Services Task Force
True
False
65
Prominent events in the history of public health (Disaster response and preparedness, Community Response and Resilience)
Katrina: EMS, pub health surveillance, and disease tx provided
September 2001: Public health surveillance conducted after the 9/11 attacks
Biologic warfare: plague used as a weapon of war during siege of Caffa
66
Primary prevention
Screening to detect or diagnose disease, injury or disability.
Prevent disease or injury
Treatment to minimize the severity of disease, injury or disability
67
There are 8 determinants/major influences on rural health disparities (GOD-IS-DAP)
True
False
68
Prominent events in the history of public health (Prevention and policy):
Book of leviticus: the worlds first written health code → leprosy policies
Obesity: Food labeling and promotion of physical activity
Tobacco Laws: Laws banning smoking in public places
69
(USPSTF) Grade D: Recommends against this service
Dogs
The harms outweigh the benefits.
There is moderate or high certainty that the service has no net benefit
Cats
70
Economic stability goal: Help people earn steady incomes that allow them to meet their health needs
True
False
71
ReGSVD Disabilities example: Adults with any disability have higher risk of CV disease than those without
False
True
72
Leading health indicators: subset of objectives that address factors that impact major causes of deathdisease in the US
True
False
73
Example of Micro level: (comt: community, pop: Population)
Formulating policies, plans, programs
Assessment/Identification/Prioritization of pub health needs in comt, pop
Administering and evaluating a health program
Emphasize well-being of the patient
74
Types of health promotion and disease prevention activities (Communication)
verbal/written strategies promotes good changes in attitudes and behaviors
Socks
e.g., health fair, newsletter, media campaign
Raising awareness about healthy behaviors for the general public
75
Epidemiology core functions are PFAEL: Pub Health Surveillance, Field investigation, Analytical studies, Eval., Linkages
False
True
76
10 Public Health Services (Assessment)
Assess and monitor population health
Investigate/diagnose/address health hazards and root causes.
Strengthen, support and mobilize communities and partnerships
Communicate effectively to inform and educate
77
10 Public Health Services (Policy Development)
Utilize legal and regulatory actions
Communicate effectively to inform and educate
Create, champion, implement policies, plans and laws
Strengthen, support and mobilize communities and partnerships
78
SDH (Social Determinants of Health) are factors that make up a person’s life, that also affects their health.
True
False
79
LHIs help organizations, communities, and states focus resources to improve health and well-being
False
True
80
Education includes:
Completion of community needs, proficiency of staff -provide the education
Well-planned curriculum with learning activities
Presentation of information with audiovisual support (e.g., slides)
Participation of target population
81
Cope: How do you feel about your disease/meds?
True
False
82
Relevance of pharmacist involvement in public health
Provides pharmacotherapy, access to care, and prevention services
Being an accessible resource for health/medication info
Dispensing of medication
Offering patient-oriented, administrative and public health functions.
83
Assessment: Systematically collect, analyze and make available information on healthy communities.
False
True
84
Purpose of public health is?
Everyone should have a unfair and unjust opportunity to have optimal health
To protect and promote the health of all people in all communities.
85
Types of health promotion and disease prevention activities
Education
shoes
Communication
Policy, systems, and environment
86
Social and community context goal: Increase social and community support
False
True
87
Occupation
Jobs related to abundant natural resources often hazardous
Labor-related jobs often low paying and without benefit
Economy fluctuations felt profoundly
88
Examples of SDH, Education Access and Quality:
Social environment at an education setting
Math and reading skills
General school performance
89
GOD IS DAP Geography Occupation Demographics Infrastructure Social capital Digital divide Access to care Political voice
False
True
90
Examples of SDH, Neighborhood and Built Environment:
Physical activity
Water quality and supply
Neighborhood crime
91
Definition of Disease Prevention
Focuses on reducing the development and severity of other morbidities
Focuses on reducing the development and severity of chronic diseases
92
Digital divide (Example from 2011-2015 American Community Survey)
Lower rates of broadband access and adoption
23.8% rural areas do not have internet access, 17.3% do not in urban.
93
Neighborhood and built environment goal: Create neighborhoods and environments that promote health and safety.
True
False
94
Prominent events in the history of public health (Pandemics):
Polio: vaccine introduced in 1955; eradication initiative launched in 1988
Covid-19: 1.1 million deaths in U.S.
Influenza: 500 million infected worldwide in 1918
95
Policy, systems, and environment:
Improved laws, rules, and/or regulations (policy)
Functional organizational components (systems)
shoe laces
Economic, social, or physical environment
96
Tertiary prevention
Prevent disease or injury
Treatment to minimize the severity of disease, injury or disability
Screening to detect or diagnose disease, injury or disability.
97
Analytic Epidemiology: Used to test hypothesis *KEY FEATURE- a comparison group
Quantifies the association between exposure and outcomes
Concerned with the search for cause and effects, the why and the how.
Never proves that particular exposure caused a particular outcome
Tests hypothesis about causal relationships
98
Non-Zipcode Health Disparities ReGSVD stands for Race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orient., disabilities, veteran status
False
True
99
Select true statements regarding equity and equality
Equality: given the same resources or opportunities.
Equity: allocates exact resources needed to reach an equal outcome
Equality: allocates exact resources needed to reach an equal outcome
Equity: given the same resources or opportunities.
100
Healthy People 2030 is
Made by US Department of Health and Human Services
Tracks progress towards these objectives
Provides 10-year, measurable public health objectives