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Unit 1 & 2: History & Approaches/Research Methods Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit 1 & 2: History & Approaches/Research Methods
Unit 1 & 2: History & Approaches/Research Methods
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Psychology - Unit 1 & 2
Flashcards
45 cards
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Questions
45
Answers
1
The mean, median, and mode are all the same in a
positively skewed distribution
normal distribution
negatively skewed distribution
correlation coefficent
2
Perspective most likely concerned with identifying the powers & the limits of human reasoning?
Behavioral
Cognitive
Social-cultural
Neuroscience
3
The "I knew it all along effect"
Hawthorne Effect
Hindsight Bias
Dunning-Kruger Effect
Placebo Effect
4
To graphically represent the correlation between two variables, researchers often construct a
Scatterplot
Skewed distribution
Bar graph
Standard deviation
5
Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses?
Evolutionary
Behavioral
Psychodynamic
Neuroscience
6
Due to a previous accident, Felicia thinks all Friday the 13ths will bring bad luck illustrates
Illusory correlation
Hindsight bias
The false consensus effect
Random sampling
7
Determining the strength of people’s self-esteem related to their income, researchers would use
Experimentation
Naturalistic Observation
Case studies
Correlational research
8
Parents & children have similar intelligence levels because they share common genes is a
Theory
Naturalistic observation
Replication
Hindsight bias
9
Humanistic psychologist focuses attention on the importance of
Punishment and reinforcement
Unconscious thoughts
Healthy growth potential
Childhood memories
10
The survival of organisms best suited to a particular environment is known as
Natural Selection
Behavior genetics
Structuralism
Functionalism
11
Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of
Conscious and unconscious mental activity
Observable responses to the environment
Behavior and mental processes
Thoughts, feelings and perceptions
12
The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a(n)
Clinical psychologist
Developmental psychologist
Industrial/organizational psychologist
Psychiatrist
13
Variables that cannot be easily controlled
control variable
confounding variable
independent variable
z-score
14
American philosopher who authored a textbook in 1890 for the emerging discipline of psychology?
Watson
Freud
Wundt
James
15
The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to
Exaggerate their ability to see outcome of past events
dismiss the value of replication
reject ideas that can't be scientifically tested
Assume that correlation proves causation
16
The first psychological laboratory was established by
Jean Piaget
John Watson
William James
Wilhelm Wundt
17
Which of the following is a measure of the degree of variation among a set of events?
Mean
Scatterplot
Median
Standard Deviation
18
Research method where a investigator manipulates factors to produce a particular behavior is a
Case study
Naturalistic observation
Experiment
Survey
19
The arithmetic average of a distribution of scores is the
Standard Deviation
Mean
Median
Mode
20
"The whole is
different
from the sum of its parts"
Gestalt
Functionalism
Behaviorism
Humanistic
21
During MHS Bball game, the starting five scored 11, 7, 21, 14, & 7 points. What is the range
11
7
14
12
22
The neuroscience perspective would be most likely to emphasize that behavior is influenced by
Unconscious conflicts
Blood chemistry
Environmental circumstances
Subjective interpretations
23
I wanted to figure out the STRUCTURES that made up the mind/consciousness
Edward Titchner
William James
Charles Darwin
John B. Watson
24
Psychology began as a science in the discipline of
Chemistry
Philosophy
Physics
Religion
25
To investigate a rare psychological disorder, which method would be most likely used?
Quasi-Experimental
Naturalistic observation
Case Study
Survey
26
A correlation coefficient is a measure of the
Average squared deviation of scores from a sample mean
Difference b/w the highest & lowest scores in a distribution
Statistical significance of a difference b/w 2 sample means
Direction & strength of the relationship between 2 variables
27
Psychologist who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzee societies in the jungle are using
Experimentation
Naturalistic Observation
The survey
The case study
28
The self-reflective observation of one’s sensations and feelings is called
Clinical psychology
Gestalt Psychology
Introspection
Humanism
29
I was the founder of Functionalism
William James
John B. Watson
Edward Titchner
Wilhelm Wundt
30
Which correlation coefficients expresses the weakest degree of relationship b/w 2 variables
-0.12
+1.00
+0.25
-0.99
31
The experimenter and the subject do not know which group is which in a study
Hawthorne effect
single blind
three blind mice
double-blind
32
The variable being manipulated in a study
dependent variable
independent variable
extraneous variable
confounding variable
33
A nonalcoholic beverage in a study that smells and tastes like alcohol is called
Double-blind
Dependent variable
Placebo
Replication
34
To get a baseline that can evaluate the effects of a specific treatment, experimenters use a(n)
Independent variable
Random sample
Control group
Dependent variable
35
A testable prediction that gives direction to research is
Replication
Survey
Hypthoesis
Scatterplot
36
The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how
People encode, process, store and retrieve information.
People try to understand their own unconscious motives.
Feelings are influenced by blood chemistry.
Behavior is influenced by environmental conditions.
37
The complete set of cases from which samples may be drawn is called a(n)
Case study
Control condition
Survey
Population
38
Replication involves
Perceiving order in random events
Repeating an earlier research study
Rejecting ideas that cannot be scientifically tested.
The selection of random samples
39
To be able to apply research findings to the population researchers try for a
small sample
convenience sample
random sample
naturalistic sample
40
Which professional specialty focuses on diagnosing & treating people's psychological disorders?
Personality psychology
Biological psychology
Clinical psychology
Social psychology
41
The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by
Wundt
Freud
Watson
James
42
Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the
Component elements of sensory experience
Adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions
Disruptive effects of unconscious motives
Treatment of psychological disorders
43
This psychological perspective proposes that humans strive to be their best self.
Humanistic
Sociocultural
Cognitive
Psychodynamic
44
The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on
Learned behaviors
Natural selection
Unconscious conflict
Brain chemistry
45
Which perspective is directly concerned with how physical properties of brain effect behaviors?
Psychodynamic
Social-cultural
Behavioral
Neuroscience