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APWH Unit II + III Review
APWH Unit II + III Review
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Unit II AP World History Review
Flashcards
118 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
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Answers
1
The W African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai flourished btwn 700 and 1600 mainly b/c they
controlled the trade routes across the Sahara
became religious centers considered sacred to Africans
developed self-sufficient economies
received support from European colonial governments
2
Which factor contributed to the decline in power of European nobles in the late Middle Ages?
rise of nation-states
decreasing importance of towns and cities
increase in influence of serfs
collapse of international trade
3
The development of trade along the Mediterranean Sea led to the
decline of Greek city-states
start of the Renaissance in Italy
beginnings of the Crusades to the Middle East
first religious wars in Europe
4
Spain's colonial policy of mercantilism affected Latin America by promoting
free and rapid trade with Asia and Africa
respect for the rights of the indigenous
isolationism
the production of raw materials and cash crops
5
The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with
human scientific achievements
classic Greek and Roman subjects
religious themes
materialism
6
The European feudal system was
supported by the labor of peasants
intended to provide opportunities for social mobility
controlled by a powerful middle class
designed to promote political and economic equality
7
In both Europe and Japan, the major reason for the development of feudalism was to
consolidate the political power of the region
eliminate the need for a legal system
provide order during a period of weak central governments
increase trade and manufacturing
8
The purpose of the Great Wall was to
protect the Chinese from the nomadic tribes
supply food from the south to Khanbalik
protect the port city of Guangzhou
control the flood waters of the Hunag he and Chang Jiang
9
An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the
destruction of Muslim military power
creation of a large Christian state on the Red Sea
increase in tension between Muslims and Christians
restoration of the Byzantine empire
10
Block printing, gunpowder, the abacus, porcelain making, and compass are associated with the
Ghana and Mali civilizations
Gupta Empire
Byzantine Empire
Tang and Song dynasties
11
What do these: Calcutta, Nanjing, Venice, Mogadishu have in common from 1200-1650?
Latin American societies
cities of origin for major religions
sites of early civilization
centers of world trade
12
Egypt, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all similar because they were all located
on major trading routes
in coastal areas
in rain forest areas
in mountainous terrain
13
Which style of architecture includes by stained windows, flying buttresses, and pointed arches?
Corinthian
neoclassical
Gothic
Ionic
14
Machiavelli and Hobbes both advocated that a ruler should
obtain consent of the governed
divide power evenly
obtain power from a social contract
employ absolute power
15
What do the Maya, Aztec, and Inca have in common?
origin in the Andes Mountains
social equality
dedication to advancement of science
peaceful territorial expansion
16
In Japan, the samurai code of Bushido helped bring about
equality among Japanese citizens
a culture that accepted militarism
peaceful relations with other nations
an increased interest in science and technology
17
What was typical of Greece during the Golden age and Italy during the Renaissance?
racial diversity
a questioning spirit
social mobility
universal suffrage/democracy
18
Which statement can best be supported by the existence of Songhai, Mali, Kush, and Nubia?
They were entirely self-sufficient and discouraged trade
Africans established thriving civilization before Euro came
The societies were involved in violent civil wars
Natural geographic barriers prevented trade
19
The Byzantine Empire
adapted the Roman principles of justice
Helped maintain Roman rule over W Europe
led Crusades to capture Rome from the Huns
used a senate as the chief governing body
20
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
Roots of the Roman Empire were revived
Italian city-states were centers of trade and manufacturing
The Catholic Church was based in Italy
Italy was politically unified
21
One important effect of the Crusades on W Europe was they
furthered cultural diffusion throughout W Europe
ended the W European quest for an overseas empire
introduced the Industrial Revolution
led to a decline int he importance of the church
22
In the Renaissance period, which factor was emphasized by the philosophy of humanism?
value of the individual
superiority of medieval thought
devotion to religion
obedience to gov't officials
23
Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire because
its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia
it was geographically isolated from surrounding empires
it was a religious center for Muslims
the pope had made it the capital of the Christian world
24
Mercantilism is best illustrated by the
economic structure of China during the Yuan dynasty
social kinship of the Ashanti people
military strategies of the Mali
the relationship btwn Spain and Latin America
25
A study of early African and Asian civilizations shows that
societies usually developed along river valleys
large cities were not established until Europeans came
men and women had equal employment opportunities
religion had little developmental influence
26
Buildings such as the Gothic cathedrals in W Europe and the Parthenon in ancient Greece reflect
imperialist attitudes
belief in democracy
rigid social structure
cultural values
27
During the early Middle Ages, W European societies were most influences by
the Byzantine emperors
elected parliaments
the Roman Catholic Church
national monarchies
28
Which POV best represents the philosophy behind the Renaissance?
The Greek and Roman civilizations are worthy of study
The Catholic Church should be questioned and re-evaluated
Religious doctrines should not be questioned
Class distinctions in society should be re-examined
29
In both Mali and the Roman Republic, ____ was an important feature of life
social and political equality
codified laws
agricultural communes
Islam
30
Rome during the Pax Romana and the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages are examples of
constitutional monarchies
feudal governments
Communist regimes
centralized powers
31
One way in which the Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and Crusaders were similar is that they all
moved through the Middle East as nomadic groups
invaded the Middle East and affected its culture
development of feudalism in Europe
succeeded in bringing democracy to the Middle East
32
As the Middle Ages ended, the rise of a middle class in W Euro can be attributed to the
self-sufficiency of the manor system
increase in trade that resulted from the Crusades
economic policies of the Roman Empire
strength of Christianity in medieval Euro
33
The map shows that the Mongol Empire stretched across
South America and Asia
Africa and Southeast Asia
North America and Europe
Europe and Asia
34
What can be seen form studying the Axum, Kush, Mali, and Songhai?
The African societies flourished at the same time
The Neolithic Revolution first occurred in Africa
These had rich history before European contact
Farming was more extensive in the Nile than anywhere else
35
What generalization about Latin American geography is correct?
Variation in land forms resulted in diverse climates
Lack of barriers facilitated extensive communication
Harsh climates prevented the development of agriculture
Geographic features prevented foreign imperialism
36
The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by
stimulating European demand for goods from the East
forcing Turks to flee form Constantinople
forcing religious conversion of Muslims
increasing power of feudal lords
37
In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in
increased political power for the clergy
development of towns and cities
decreased economic rivalry btwn kings
lower living standards for industrial workers
38
According to the map, by 750 A.D. islam had spread from
Senegal to India
Cairo to Tours
Mecca to Asia Minor
the Indus River to Spain
39
The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages can best be described as a church that
favored separation from secular government
was a stabilizing force during time of weak central powers
was a strong force that divided many people
avoided involvement in social and educational matters
40
In the 16th and 17th c. in Latin America, European mercantilism lead to
exploitation of people and resources
opposition to the Catholic Church
growth of democratic forms of gov't
rejection of Spanish culture
41
Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
The Church gained influence as people became more secular
The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, and order
Church leaders were involved only in spiritual activities
The Church encouraged individuals to question authority
42
In the Middle East during the Golden Age of Muslim culture, scholars were encouraged to
accept medieval W European religious ideas
preserve and expand ancient Greek and Roman learning
ignore the achievements of Chinese culture
reject all knowledge that was Western in origin
43
The ethnocentric attitudes of the various Chinese can best be attributed to the
interest of Chinese scholars in other civilizations
cultural isolation of China
great culutral diversity within China's borders
failure of other nations to become interested in China
44
The Byzantine Empire made its most important contribution to later civilization by
encouraging the spread of Buddhism
preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage
recognizing the pope as the head of the Byzantine Church
establishing trade routes to the Americas
45
"From S Spain, across N Africa, occupying Arabian peninsula to SE Asia" once described the
Gupta Empire
Aztec Empire
Muslim world
Pax Romana
46
Btwn 800 and 1600, the W African city of Timbuktu became prosperous with the trading of
spices and silk
iron ore and coal
gold and salt
rifles and diamonds
47
Humanism was
embracing the separation of church and state
a rejection of ancient civilizations
appreciation for the worth of the individual
belief in the supremacy of the collective
48
One reason for the success of the cities in the Hanseatic League and Italy was that both were
close to a network of navigable rivers
isolated from the rest of Europe
accessible by water
protected by mountains
49
In medieval Japan and medieval Europe, the feudal system was dominated by
radical revolutionaries
middle class merchants
peasant farmers
warrior aristocrats
50
The Commercial Revolution in W Europe led directly to the
establishment of the guild system
weakening of the power of the middle class
development of a socialist economy
expansion of world trade
51
The caste system and the feudal system were similar in that both
developed concepts for natural rights
provided structure for society
established absolutist governments
promoted peace and prosperity
52
In Europe a long-term effect of the Crusades was
the strengthening of the feudal system
an increased demand of goods from the East
increased European isolation
an adoption of Islam
53
Europeans had little impact on China's culture mainly b/c
the Europeans forbid their missionaries from going to China
Japanese culutre had become dominant in China
the Chinese viewed their culture as superior
Confucianism prohibited the Chinese from foreign interaction
54
Which idea about leadership would Machiavelli most likely support?
Leaders should be elected fairly and democratically
It is better to be loved, than feared
leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve goals
Leaders should listen to the desire of the people
55
The introduction of banking, letters of credit, joint stock companies, and guilds gave way to
Renaissance
Enlightenment
Scientific Revolution
Commercial Revolution
56
The Silk Road was important to China because it provided
a means for the empire to expand its borders
a military route for the defense of the norther border
contact with other cultures through trade
a means of administering the civil service exams
57
Which statement about the social structure in Europe during the Middle Ages is most accurate?
industrialization led to the growth of socialism in Europe
the practices of the church led to classless society
sharp class distinctions divided European society
The nobles encouraged social mobility
58
"... and in the actions of men... the end justifies the means." Who wrote this?
Locke
Voltaire
Montesquei
Machiavelli
59
A major feature of the Golden Age of Muslim culture was the
persecution of Jews and Christains
development of the foundation of modern science and math
political and economic isolation of the Arab world
adoption of democratic government
60
Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?
free market
manorialism
socialism
feudalism
61
Many achievements of Islamic civilization reached European society by way of
Crusades and E Mediterranean trading networks
conquests of the Germanic tribes and trade along Silk Road
merchant guilds and the Industrial Revolution
Middle Passage and the Columbian Exchange
62
The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from
ethnocentrism
self-determination
cultural diffusion
imperialism
63
Why did Native American populations drastically decrease from 1492 to 1600?
emigration of Native Americans to Euro and Africa
wars btwn various native groups
crop failures brought on by poor weather
diseases introduced by the Spanish
64
One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in N Italy was that the region had
a wealthy class invested in the arts
a shrinking aristocracy
extensive contact with the Byzantine Empire
an absolutist gov't
65
One major result of the Crusades was the
conversion of most Muslims to Christianity
long-term decrease in European trade
spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe
permanent occupation of the Holy Land by Europeans
66
Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
islamic influence dominated Europe
Europeans developed a tolerance of non-Christian religions
Europeans maintained a lasting control over the Middle East
Trade between Europe and the Middle East expanded
67
What are two indirect results of the Crusades?
Trade and commerce declined
Trade declined and feudal system was weakened
The Feudal system strengthened
Trade increased and the feudal system was weakened
68
In Japan btwn 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the
virtual isolation of the country from the outside world
development of extensive trade
formation of cultural links with Europe
military conquest of China
69
Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols?
avoiding contact with the West
paying monetary tribute to local rulers
converting conquered peoples to Confucianism
employing superior military skills
70
Which statement best described society under medieval Christianity and traditional Islam?
Religion played a major role only in the lives of clergy
Both religions influences society by expressing equality
Religion permitted the freedom to choose how people worship
Religion was a way of life that governed people
71
From the 9th to 14th centuries, Muslim rule of conquered territories was characterized by
the rejection of Greek and Roman scientific works
the toleration of members of other cultures
the creation of democratic governments
a decrease in trade and commerce
72
Which groups were most closely associated with the spread of the Black Death?
merchants and pilgrims
soldiers and diplomats
bankers and explorers
missionaries and slave traders
73
In what way was the Renaissance similar to the Tang dynasty?
The peasant class was instrumental in both
Advances in art, technology, and learning occurred
Religious reform was a major concern
Warfare and insurrection characterized both
74
The economic policy of mercantilism first developed during the
Age of Exploration
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment
Middle Ages
75
Which was not a major characteristic of the Renaissance?
humanism
individualism
secularism
mysticism
76
Notre Dame Cathedral, the Dome of the Rock, and the Great Pyramid are examples of
architectural accomplishments that reflect religious beliefs
influence of cultural diffusion on contemporary architecture
ancient architectural monuments no longer in use
the influence of Buddhist architecture on conquered nations
77
Africa's geography is characterized by
a lack of major river systems
an irregular coastline and excellent harbors
a diverse topography
an absence of rain forests
78
Feudalism influence Europe and japan by
fostering the growth of religion
encouraging formal education
providing social stability
eliminating warfare
79
During the Commercial Revolution, the joint stock company was developed to meet the needs of
entrepreneurship
mercantilism
feudalism
manorialism
80
Which statement best explains why Byzantine influences strongly affected Russia and E Europe
Rulers in W Europe refused to trade with E Europe
Russian minorities converted the Byzantine Empire to Islam
early Russia settlements located btwn Baltic and Black Sea
Byzantine empire spread democracy to Russia
81
A study of Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas would show that these ancient American civilizations
rivaled the accomplishments of Middle Eastern cultures
welcomed the new technology brought by Euro explorers
lived at peace with their neighbors
produced few cultural achievements
82
The Age of Pericles, the Gupta Empire, and the Tang dynasty experienced a golden age with
the end of foreign domination
outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences
the furthest expansion of their borders
advancements in the principles of democratic governments
83
Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
increase in European demands for Eastern goods
development of a European middle class
European involvement in the Crusades
European renewal in learning
84
What is the best conclusion based on the information provided by the map?
Islam spread to religions that had culture similar to Arabia
islam has become the dominant religion in many cultures
Islam was slow to expand from its original start in Persia
Islam's influence is rapidly decreasing in the modern world
85
Which statement best reflects the effect of colonialism in Latin America?
Land was distributed equally btwn the social classes
Markets in the colonies were closed to manufactured goods
The wealth of the colonial power increased at their expense
industries in the colonies manufactured goods
86
The Tang, the Gupta, and the Mali were similar in that each experienced a period of
prosperity and artistic creativty
feudalism and oppression
war and constant invasion
mercantilism and industrial expansion
87
Which idea was shared by the ancient Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations?
equality among the social classes
practicing rituals to please the gods
mercantilism
direct democracy
88
A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades was to
strengthen English dominance of the Arab world
establish Christianity in W Europe
unite warring Arab peoples
capture the Holy land from Islamic rulers
89
The Crusades, the travels of Marco Polo, and the fall of the Byzantine Empire contributed to
Age of Exploration in Europe
growth of feudalism in Europe
decline in African slave trade
end of absolute monarchy in Russia
90
One principle in the theory of mercantilism is that colonies should be
considered an economic burden for the colonial power
encouraged to develop their own industries
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
granted independence as soon as possible
91
One similarity between the Gupta dynasty and the Tang dynasty is that each dynasty
made advances in the arts, sciences, and mathematics
promoted equality for women
developed a representative government
gained overseas colonies
92
A characteristic of both European and Japanese federalism was
a decentralized government
an open democratic society
the many opportunities for social mobility
an adoption of Christianity
93
Archaeological evidence found at Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggests that these socities
consisted of hunters and gatherers
followed a democratic system
practice monotheism
were highly developed and organized
94
Under colonialism, colonial powers considered their colonies to be
possessions to be exploited
independent trade partners
possessions to the detriment of the imperial power
independent nations with special privileges
95
Which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of Russia?
Assyrian
Byzantine
Holy Roman
Ottoman
96
What economic principle developed as a result of the trade routes on the map?
capitalism
manorialism
industrialism
mercantilism
97
Which system developed as a result of the Commercial Revolution in Europe?
market economy
mercantalism
manorilaism
absolutism
98
Which phrase best describes Mali under the rule of Mansa Musa?
a period of political chaos
a time of colonial unrest
a poverty-stricken era
a golden age
99
Medieval life in Europe was characterized by
limited social mobility
a thriving system of international trade
a strong central government
rejection of Christian teachings
100
During the 1400s, the cities of Venice, Constantinople, and Canton achieved prominence b/c
locations were favorable for trade
pleasant climates led to increase in populations
democratic gov'ts attracted trade
military power led to industrialization
101
Which was a characteristic of feudalism?
Power rested in the hands of a strong central government
Court systems were developed
Government was provided by a bureaucracy of civil servants
Land was exchanged for military service and obligations
102
The Sumerians, Phoenicians, and Mayans were similar in that each
developed writing systems
emphasized social equality
had decentralized political structures
established monotheistic religions
103
W Europe is indebted to this empire that ensured survival of Christianity when it was too weak
Byzantine
Hellenistic
Ottoman
Mongol
104
Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14 c. Europe and 16 and 17 c. N &S America?
outbreak of deadly diseases
fall of Constantinople
rise of nation states
introduction of new military
105
According to this map, which modern-day nations were ruled by the Mongols?
Japan and Tibet
Saudi Arabia and Georgia
Iran and Thailand
Russia and Iraq
106
A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that this civilization
reduced the influence of the Eastern Orthodox Church
collapsed as a result of the Germanic invasion of Middle Age
based its economy on subsistence farming and slash-and-burn
preserved Greek and Roman learning for W and E Europe
107
Which cultural element spread from the Byzantine Empire to early Russia?
Latin language
Orthodox Christianity
silk cloth
democratic ideas
108
One aspect common to both Shinto and Taoism is a
deep reverence and respect for nature
belief in one God
ban on the consumption of pork
belief in the reincarnation of souls
109
The European feudal system represents a society based on
educational achievement
accumulated wealth
social class
political ability
110
Which conclusion can be drawn from the information provided by the map?
A network of trade routes connected centers of Euro trade
Africa was Europe's most active trading partner
The Hanseatic league controlled trade in the Black Sea
Asians and Europeans traded primarily by water routes
111
In W Europe, which development caused the other three?
decline of trade
breakdown of central government
rise in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
fall of Rome
112
The Middle Ages in W Europe was characterized by
the manor system and land ownership
absolute monarchies
extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East
decreased emphasis on religion in daily life
113
During the 18 and 19 c., increased contact btwn Euro and Africa, Asia and S America resulted in
closer cultural cooperation btwn Euro and these continents
the exploitation of labor and resources of these continents
a return to the political and economic systems of feudalism
preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples
114
Which political system is associated with Europe from 900-1200 and Japan from 1600-1868
feudalism
socialism
communism
manorialism
115
Which economic system is shown in this diagram?
laissez-faire capitalism
socialism
manorialism
mercantalism
116
Which describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on W Europe?
Nationalistic movements began to decline
Feudalism strengthened
The Catholic Church was weakened
Art to reflect increasingly religious themes
117
Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in W Europe was criticized for
being too concerned with worldly power and riches
refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to people
sponsoring exploration to the Middle East
118
The travels of Marco Polo resulted in the
use of Confucian teaching in Europe
decline of Mongol rule in China
expansion of trade btwn China and Europe
introduction of gunpowder to China