Bio final study guide

Electrons are shared equally and there is no difference in charge; at the poles. Has no net charge

Material to be internalized is surrounded by an area of cell membrane, which then buds off cell to form a vesicle

6O2

Formes between two atoms when one or more electrons is transferred

Cells that contain a nuclei

Movement of molecules across cell membrane, using cellular energy

An enzyme; it joins nucleotides to synthesize a new strand of DNAl its job is to preoofread

A variable that stands Alondras and isn’t changed by the other variable

A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction; control center of the cell

Structured that lies just outside the cell membrane

Process where particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Glycoprotiens and glycolipids

Steps that convert solar energy to chemical energy

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

Part of a cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction control center of cell

The groups that is not exposed to the treatment or the new variable

Process where particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Means in the presence of oxygen

Lower concentration of solutes

A pure substance made of only one or more electrons is transferred

An instrument that makes small objects look larger

Does not have a cell wall or chloroplast and has a small vacuole

Monomer= nucleotides; dna and rna

Steps that convert gas to carbohydrates

Elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

Monomer= monosaccharide; starch’s and sugars

C6H12O6 simple sugar that is a source of energy

Variable that is measured

Reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Higher concentration of solutes

Compounds that form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons

Monomer=amino acid

An endomembrane system covered with ribosomes where many proteins for transport are assembled

Positively charged particle

C6H12O6+6O2—-> 6CO2+6H2O+ATP

Universal solvent; h2o

Contains a plant cell’s thylakoids, storms and grana, and chlorophyll

The substances that are formed by the chemical change

Starts from a single point and proceeds in two directions until the entire chromosome is copied

Protein that moves substances of wastes through the plasma membrane

The act of noticing and describing events or processes in a careful, orderly way.

Fats, oils, and waxes

An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down

The groups in an experiment that receives the variable being tested

Atoms which the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

A series of proteins in which that high-energy electrons form that Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP

Unevenly distributed charge, but with no net charge

Attraction between molecules of different substances

Reaction in mitochondria that being with citric acid

Breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and Pyruvic acid.

Idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things

Energy needed to get a reaction started

Calvin cycle uses chemical energy to reduce CO2 to sugar

Tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

Adenosine triphosphate

Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

Substances that speeds up the reate of chemical reaction

Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Facilitate diffusion of water

Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

This is the process that yeast uses to make bread rise

Electron carrier that provides high-energy electrons for photosythesis

Organism that obtains organic food molecules with ought eating other organisms

Well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations

Equal concentration of solutes

Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the Endoplasmic recticulum

The rate of conversion of carbon dioxide and water to produce photosynthetic products

Site of protein synthesis

Movement of molecules across cell membrane, using cellular energy

Proteins that act as a biological catalysts

1) have a cell wall 2) have chlorophyll 3) large central vacuole 4) have mitochondria

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Steps that convert gas to carbohydrates

A molecule that has a polar, hydrophilic head and hydrophilic tail

The study of life

-two types of exist-positive and negative

Uses high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP

No charge

Contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through diffusion of the vacuole witching the cell membrane

Proton acceptors

Organism that obtains energy organic food molecules by eating other organisms; also called a consumer

Flexible structure that forms strong barrier between cells and its enviorment

Process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell use

Means not in the presence of oxygen

A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data

Cells that do not contain a nuclei

The process is carried out in other organisms like humans, animals, and bacteria

Negatively charged particle

Part of an enzyme where reactants can be brought together, reducing necessary activation energy

Sugar found in DNA

Basic unit of matter