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Unit 2 - Historical Approaches to Psychology and Personality Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit 2 - Historical Approaches to Psychology and Personality
Unit 2 - Historical Approaches to Psychology and Personality
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1
What type of personality test involves showing people a series of pictures and the respondent tells a dramatic a story?
Rorschach
TAT
2
Which of the following is the lowest priority motive in Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
Belongingness and love needs
Esteem needs
Self-actualization needs
Physiological needs
3
Who said that people
strive for superiority
to compensate for
inferiority complexes
based on inadequacies? - Birth order
Carl Jung
Alfred Adler
Karen Horney
Abraham Maslow
4
Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy?
Abraham believes he is a good person.
Igor maintains his optimism despite doing poorly in his math class.
Saundra believes it rained because she’s been wishing for rain for days.
Rasheed believes he is a competent skater.
5
This perspective has to do with behavior we can see and consequences
psychodynamic
biological
sociocultural
behavioral
6
What is an example of Internal Locus Control
I am not in control of my fate
I hope others will help me
I am in control of my fate
Whatever happens, happens
7
Who said humans hunger to perceive patterns and tend to notice events that confirm beliefs? (prepsych)
Rene Descartes
John Locke
Francis Bacon
8
What is Ego?
Morals/ Morality
Animalistic drives/Instincts
All about yourself/ Reality
9
What is an example of External Locus Control
I am not in control of my fate
I am in control of my fate
I can do it
It is my fault if I have trouble
10
Who said the mind at birth is a tabula rasa - “blank slate” - on which experience writes? (prepsych)
John Locke
Francis Bacon
Rene Descartes
11
What is the definition of the biopsychosocial approach?
Influences of biological, psychoanalytic and social-cultural
Anything that can be observed and recorded.
Humans are naturally good and need the right place to grow.
Influenced by social and cultural perspective.
12
What are the 3 types of psychoanalysis?
ID, Superego, PD
ID, Ego, Superego
Ego, ID, PD
Ego, Superego, PD
13
Match the Following Historical Figures to Their Main Ideas - Sigmund Freud
Unconscious thoughts and emotions
Hierarchy of needs
Evolution - survival of the fittest
Unconditioned and conditioned responses
14
What is the view that knowledge originates in experience and relies on observation and experimentation? -Bacon and Locke
Structuralism
Empiricism
Functionalism
Behaviorism
15
What is the definition of the humanistic approach?
Anything that can be observed and recorded.
Humans are naturally good and need the right place to grow.
Influenced by social and cultural perspective.
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.
16
This school of thought saught to learn the
structure
of thought was
functionalism
psychodynamic
structuralism
gestalt
17
This person is the father of psychoanalysis
Phil Zimbardo
Sigmund Freud
Jean Piaget
Carl Rogers
18
What is the definition of the sociocultural approach?
Influenced by social and cultural perspective.
How natural selection promoted the survival of genes.
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.
The makeup of our brain and our genes
19
Who said we have an
In-congruence
or a difference between our
real self & ideal self
?
Alfred Adler
Karen Horney
Carl Rogers
Abraham Maslow
20
What is the definition of functionalism?
Basic structures that make up a human's mind and thoughts.
Studies the person as a whole.
Looks at the environment to understand a person's conscious functions
Anything that can be observed or recorded.
21
What is the definition of the evolutionary approach?
Based on our thoughts and expectations.
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.
Anything that can be observed and recorded.
How natural selection promoted the survival of genes.
22
What type of personality test requires the respondent to make a particular response to a structured set of instructions?
Projective
Objective
23
What is the definition of the cognitive approach?
Anything that can be observed and recorded.
Influenced by social and cultural perspective .
Based on our thoughts and expectations.
Our physical makeup and our genes.
24
What is ID?
Morals/ Morality
All about yourself/ Reality
Animalistic drives/Instincts
25
Evolutionary theories of motivation suggest that motives result in behaviors that...
reduce biological needs
reduce incentives
maximize reproductive success & ensure survival
maintain homeostasis
26
Tabula rasa means
Blank Slate
Full View
Empty Cup
Blank Check
27
Match the Following Historical Figures to Their Main Ideas - Ivan Pavlov
Unconscious thoughts and emotions
Evolution - survival of the fittest
Hierarchy of needs
Unconditioned and conditioned responses
28
Match the Following Historical Figures to Their Main Ideas - Jean Piaget
Unconscious thoughts and emotions
Positive and Negative Reinforcement
Evolution - survival of the fittest
Children build their understanding through interaction
29
Define Personality: (2 answers)
The superego, Id and Ego acting with eachother.
Other people's views on one's behavior.
A person's intellectual thoughts.
A person's pattern of thinking, feeling or acting.
30
The most basic or lowest level need in Maslow’s hierarchy of human motives includes the need for…
love & friendship
food & drink
self-actualization
self-esteem
31
This perspective has to do with
survival of the fittest
and passing on the stronges genes
sociocultural
biological
humanistic
evolutionary
32
What is the definition of structuralism?
analyzing the basic elements of thoughts and sensations
Anything that can be observed or recorded.
Studies the person as a whole.
Conscious functions that help people adapt to environment.
33
This perspective has to do with brain chemistry and genetics
psychodynamic
biological
cognitive
behavioral
34
What is the definition of the biological approach?
Based on our thoughts and expectations
People are naturally good and need the right space to grow
The physical makeup of our brains and our genetics
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
35
According to Sigmund Freud, a child's early experience in coping with external demands leads to the development of the
id
preconscious
ego
unconscious
36
What is Superego?
Animalistic drives/Instincts
All about yourself/ Reality
Morals/ Morality
37
This test contains a set of inkblots that are designed to assess a person's feelings:
EEG Test
TAT Test
Rorschach Test
All of the Above
38
What is an example of External Locus Control
I can do it
My friend told me to do it
I am in control of my fate
It is my fault if I have trouble
39
What is Psychology?
The study of the skin.
The study of drug dosage.
The scientific study of behaviors and mental processes.
The study of the causes and treatment of allergies.
40
This perspective has to do with thinking, remembering and perception.
cognitive
psychodynamic
behavioral
biological
41
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, this stage represents reward or achievement:
Self-Esteem
Self-Actualization
Love
Physiological
42
This perspective has to do with the unconscious mind and childhood conflicts
biological
cognitive
behavioral
psychodynamic
43
The psychological school of thought that looked for the
purpose of thoughts
through
outside influence
was
structuralism
humanism
introspection
functionalism
44
What approach to pscyhology focuses on the physical as the the contibutor to behavior?
Cognitive
Socio-Cultural
Biological
Behaviorism
45
Who is credited with the concept seen here?
Abraham Maslow
William James
Walter Cannon
Sigmund Freud
46
In Sigmund Freud's view, the role of the ego is to
make the individual feel inferior to others
compromise among the id, the superego, and reality
make the individual feel superior to others
serve the demands of the superego
47
This perspecitive has to do with your culture, religion, country of origin and family
psychodynamic
sociocultural
humanistic
evolutionary
48
What is the definition of psychoanalysis?
How natural selection promoted the survival of genes.
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.
Based on the biological, psychoanalysis and social-cultural.
Humans are naturally good and need the right place to grow.
49
Inspired by Titchener, to study the basic components, structures, of conscious experience.
Functionalism
Psychoanalysis
Gestalt
Structuralism
50
What do we call the process of fulfilling our potential? (Maslow)
Self-concept
Self-transcendence
Self-actualization
Unconditional positive regard
51
The first psychological laboratory was created by:
Jean Piaget
John Watson
Wilhelm Wundt
Sigmund Freud
52
What archaic procedure did people do before the science of psychology to cure ailments of the mind?
Leeching
Lobotomy
Trephination
Blood letting
53
Who believed in mind - body separation, but wondered how the immaterial mind and physical body communicated? (prepsych)
Francis Bacon
John Locke
Rene Descartes
54
A German scientist who established a method called Introspection, people deal with experiences
Charles Darwin
Wilhelm Wundt
John B. Watson
Adam Smith
55
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow emphasized the importance of self-esteem, free will, and choice
Evolutionary Perspective
Psychodynamic Perspective
Humanistic Perspective
Behavioral Perspective
56
Shane is usually the first person to raise his hand or call out. This might show that he is
neurotic
extroverted
introverted
agreeable
57
What is the definition of behavioralism?
Basic structures that make up a human's mind and thoughts.
Studies the person as a whole
Anything that can be observed and recorded.
Conscious functions that help people adapt to environment.
58
Who said we have a
collective unconscious
, that we have gained together as human beings from our ancestral past?
Alfred Adler
Karen Horney
Carl Jung
Abraham Maslow
59
What is an example of Internal Locus Control
I am not in control of my fate
It is the teachers fault
My friend made me do it
It is my fault I am in trouble
60
Emphasized the study of observable behaviors rather than the study of subjective mental process
William James
Sigmund Freud
Wilhelm Wundt
John B. Watson
61
This psychologist is closely related to the ideology of Humanism
Abraham Maslow
Ivan Pavlov
BF Skinner
Sigmund Freud
62
Figures such as the one above are used in which of the following kinds of tests?
verbal intelligence
projective personality
cognitive reasoning
self-report personality
63
Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner emphasized on observable measured conditions
Behavioral Perspective
Sociocultural Perspective
Humanistic Perspective
Cognitive Perspective
64
This perspective has to do with growth and free will to meet needs
cognitive
sociocultural
psychodynamic
humanistic
65
Deals with how we gather information through daily practices, customs and traditions
Cognitive Perspective
Sociocultural Perspective
Biological Perspective
Humanistic Perspective
66
Match the Following Historical Figures to Their Main Ideas - B.F. Skinner
Positive and Negative Reinforcement
Evolution - survival of the fittest
Unconscious thoughts and emotions
Children build their understanding through interaction
67
Match the Following Historical Figures to Their Main Ideas - Abraham Maslow
Unconditioned and conditioned responses
Unconscious thoughts and emotions
Hierarchy of needs
Evolution - survival of the fittest
68
Who argued against Freud and said that woman should be envious of men's social status not their parts?
Carl Jung
Abraham Maslow
Alfred Adler
Karen Horney
69
Match the Following Historical Figures to Their Main Ideas - Charles Darwin
Unconscious thoughts and emotions
Hierarchy of needs
Unconditioned and conditioned responses
Evolution - survival of the fittest
70
This psychologist emphasized on rewards and punishments (a stimuli) for human behavior actions
Skinner
Watson
Pavlov
Locke
