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U8: Evolution Flashcards | StudBud
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U8: Evolution
U8: Evolution
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1
The first primates
did not have opposable digits
evolved more than 50 million years ago.
appeared on the continent of South America
were large and lived on the ground
2
If a bacterium survives the effects of an antibiotic "pops up" in a population, it most likely
was created by the antibiotic.
increased in number before the antibiotic began to be used
was introduced from another species
resulted from spontaneous mutation.
3
The gene frequencies of a population can be expected to change if
random mating occurs
no mutation occurs
the population is small
no migration occurs into or out of the population
4
The term evolution is used to describe
changes in the #of individuals in a population due to mating
any change in an individual organisms somatic cells
any change in an individual that can be observed
heritable changes in characteristics of a population
5
Which of the following is NOT a vestigial structure in humans
wisdom teeth
tail bone
thumbs
muscles that wiggle ears
6
Why do different mutations accumulate in two species once they diverge?
They can no longer mate and exchange mutated genes
natural selection favors mutations in 1 species over another
Convergent evolution causes the difference in mutations.
molecular clock runs at dif speeds in dif species
7
2 pop geographically restricted groups of same species, but 1 or > traits are dif, 2 classified
phenotypes
subspecies
macrospecies
genetic clones
8
What is illustrated by the amino acid sequence of the p53 protein in the Figure
the gene for p53 protein originated in Homo sapiens
greater sequence similarity within closely related groups
greater sequence similarity between distantly related groups
no significant patterns of sequence similarity
9
Hominids differed from earlier primates by having
A C-shaped spine
Large canines
Parental care
Bipedalism
10
If similarities between 2 structures in different organisms reflect common ancestry, they are
analagous
homologous
vestigial
homeotic
11
One mechanism for reproductive isolation is
temporary isolation
geographic isolation
extinction
successful mating
12
The fossil record seems to provide evidence for
extinction.
intermediate forms.
natural selection
All of the above
13
Field uses geographic distribution of extinct & living species to show patterns of evolution
Biogeography
Geography
Biology
Palentology
14
According to the Fig, values listed for flounder & catfish are very similar. That means
the two are the same species
nothing because that comparison was with humans
nothing because the comparison was with monkeys.
the two are closely related to each other
15
If a structure has no function in 1 species, yet is homologous to fNL organ in another, this is
homologous
analagous
vestigial
homeotic
16
Members of a species can interbreed and
have separate reproductive strategies.
produce fertile offspring.
have a very different appearance
are distantly related to each other.
17
Ancestors of giraffes w/shorter necks couldn't reach food. Led to _ for giraffes w/longer necks
directional selection
disruptive selection
stabilizing selection
sexual selection
18
The femur in a snake and pelvis in a whale are examples of
analogous structures
homeotic structures.
vestigial structures
homologous structures.
19
A gene pool is
all the similar genes in a gene family
a swimming hole for geneticists
the genes that are unique to a species
all the genes in a population
20
Which statement best defines the concept of genetic variation?
The environment dictates the amount and direction of change
Individuals able to cope w/environment leave more offspring
In populations, there are individuals differ slightly
Offspring that don't survive to pass their genes on
21
Two distinctive features all primates have are
Side placement of eyes and large skull.
Large skull and grasping feet
Forward placement of eyes and grasping hands
Grasping hands and feet
22
A mutation arises in an individual that ↓ its fitness. This means that this individual's
contribution to the gene pool of the next generation will ↓
probability of survival will decrease
ability to find food will decrease
ability to migrate long distances will decrease
23
What type of natural selection are the population of mammals going through?
Balancing selection
Disruptive selection
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection
24
Which of the following would most likely result in a bottleneck event
hurricane changes pH of swamp, kills 98% of apple snails
sm pop of geese migrates & joins a lg flock of same species
mutation occurs in indiv plant. Mutation inherited by baby
broomsedge grass is studied & in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
25
in snakes, you see remains of hip & hind leg bones associated w/4 legged animals called
vestigial structures
convergent traits
analogous structures
homologous structures
26
What phenomena tends to increase genetic variation in a population?
Gene flow
Assortative mating
Population bottleneck
Genetic drift
27
Over generations in a population, individuals with higher fitness values will
become more prevalent in the population
become less prevalent in the population
stay at the same frequency in the population
decrease the population's mean fitness.
28
The wings of a bat and a bird are examples of
analogous structures.
vestigial structures
homeotic structures
homologous structures.
29
An example of natural selection in an observable time frame is
proliferation of intermediates between fishes & amphibians.
the evolution of multicellular life-forms
the development of an aquatic lifestyle in whales.
antibiotic resistance in bacteria
30
In humans, structures that are homologous developments with other vertebrates are
the eyes and nostrils
gill ridges and a bony tai
the lungs and vertebrae
fore and hindlimbs
31
Natural selection may result in
retention of favorable genes.
the introduction of new genes into a population.
All of these answers are true
mutations
32
Most of the early hominid fossils have been found in
Asia
South America
Africa
Australia
33
The final step of natural selection is
variation
divergence
adaptation
isolation
34
A sterile mule is produced by mating a horse & donkey. From this observation you could conclude
that horses and donkeys are the same species
that horses and donkeys are different species
that mules are a result of macroevolution
DNA sequences of horses & donkeys are > 97% identical
35
What kind of selection is represented by the graph?
stabilizing selection.
balancing selection
directional selection
disruptive (diversifying) selection
36
What was the advantage of becoming hairless
To look good
More dependent on panting to cool
The ability to run long distance
To wear animal skins for clothes
37
Babies at ↓ birth wt > health probs, & hard delivering ↑ birth weight. Together this leads to
artificial selection
stabilizing selection
disruptive selection
sexual selection
38
What type of selection is represented by the graph?
stabilizing selection.
directional selection
balancing selection
disruptive (diversifying) selection
39
Natural selection may result in
the introduction of new genes into a population
retention of favorable genes.
mutations
all of these answers are true.
40
Amphibians, birds, and mammals look the most similar as
newborns
fossils
embryos
adults
41
What kind of selection is represented by the graph?
stabilizing selection.
disruptive (diversifying) selection
directional selection
balancing selection.
42
changes occur in genetic diversity & not the result of natural selection, which occurred?
All of the answers are correct
The population may be extremely small.
This could be a case of genetic drift.
Random events may have eliminated genes from the population
43
One difference between apes and monkeys is that apes
Are active mostly at night
Are not primates
Have no tails
Have opposable thumbs
44
natural selection in which 2 or >extreme phenotypes are fitter than intermediate phenotype is
directional selection
stabilizing selection
artificial selection
disruptive selection
45
There is clear evidence from fossils and other sources that the species now on Earth
have evolved from ancestral species that are extinct
have reached the ultimate in evolution
will eventually evolve into the same species
have always been the way they are now
46
Hominids evolved bipedalism so
All the above
They can reach fruit high in trees
They can see over tall grass
They can save energy
47
2 critters have similar gene sequences. What is best explanation for dif in genetic coding
After 2 diverged, gene seq evolved thru convergent evolution
After 2diverged, genes accum mutations result in similar seq
The two species are not closely related
discovered by 2 dif scientists & given dif names
48
The fittest organism in a population is the
strongest and fastest organism
most intelligent organism.
organism that successfully produces the most offspring
organism that lives longest
49
The traits of the individuals best suited to a particular environment tend to
stay the same.
increase in a population over time.
fluctuate according to the weather.
decrease in a population over time
