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Li Final Exam 2023 Flashcards | StudBud
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Li Final Exam 2023
Li Final Exam 2023
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1
Which organism is most efficient at obtaining oxygen?
Mammals
Birds
all are equally efficient
Fish
2
Platyhelminthes have a(n) _________
Open circulatory system
closed circulatory system
Gastrovascular cavity
Single circulation
3
You go to the doctor and a hammer is used to hit below your knee. What neurons are responsible for the kick response?
interneuron
autonomic neuron
sensory neuron
motor neuron
4
Phloem transport is driven by differences in turgor pressure that occur between cells of a _____ and ________.
Companion, source
xylem, phloem
Source, sink
Sink, source
5
A plasmolyzed cell has a solute potential of -1.5 MPa. What is the water potential of the cell?
0 MPa
-1.5 MPa
1.5 MPa
Can’t solve with the given information
6
Nonvenemous scarlet king mimics the coral snake as a strategy to avoid being eaten by predators. What type of strategy?
red and yellow
mullerian mimicry
aposematic coloration
Batesian mimicry
7
Water flows ______ xylem near the source cell and flows _______ xylem near the sink cells.
out of, out of
into, out of
out of, into
into, into
8
Chitin is to _________ as cellulose is to _________.
Plants, fungi
Fungi, animals
Fungi, plants
Animals, fungi
9
Which community has a greater diversity?
A
B
10
In the circulatory system of a frog, _______ blood is pumped to the _______.
Mixed, body tissues
Mixed, skin
O2-poor, body tissues
O2-rich, skin
11
In a nephron, where does reabsorption occur
collecting duct
loop of Henle
proximal convoluted tubule
all of the above
12
What is the value of x?
0.64
0.36
0.76
0.74
13
Crocodiles have _______ atria and _______ ventricle(s).
1, 1
2, 1
2, 2
1, 2
14
In comparing angiosperms and gymnosperms, which of the following is false?
Angiosperms produce fruits
Angiosperms are mostly animal pollinated
angiosperms have an endosperm
Both have double fertilization
15
Secretion is:
The mvmnt of waste/hydrogen ions from the renal tubule into the capillaries
The movement of water and solutes from the tubule back into the blood
The filtering of excess fluid and waste products out of the blood
The mvmnt of waste/hydrogen ions from the capillaries into the renal tubule
16
Animals evolved from…
Fungi
Choanoflagellate-like ancestor
Bacteria
S. cerevisiae
17
Opisthokonta describes the group consisting of:
Plants and fungi
Fungi and animals
Plants and animals
Fungi, plants, animals
18
What is the correct order of events excretory organs take to rid the body of waste?
Excretion, filtration, secretion, reabsorption
Filtration, excretion, reabsorption, secretion
Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion
Filtration, secretion, excretion, reabsorption
19
A is pointing to the _________ which __________
Axon terminal, transmits signal
Axon hillock, initiates signal output
Dendrites, input signals
Cell body, contains most cell organelles
20
What is true regarding the function of the root endodermis?
Allows all solutes to enter
stop sol. from returning to outer tissues so sol. are high in vasc. tissue
Prevents all solutes from entering
stop sol. from returning to outer tissues so sol are low in vascular tissue
21
Which is not an example of negative feedback?
High blood pressure due to specific diet can lead to a decreased heart rate
You go outside in a t-shirt and it’s snowing so you start shivering
Contractions in childbirth
You eat food and your blood sugar skyrockets so you release insulin
22
Cnidarians have a nervous system.
False
True
23
The image above shows the flower of a monocot plant.
False
True
24
In the diagram, the arrows are pointing to the ________ and carry blood ______ the heart.
Left pulmonary veins, to
Right pulmonary artery, to
Right pulmonary veins, away
Left pulmonary artery, away
25
Sap in xylem flows via pressure pushing, whereas sap in phloem flows via tension pulling.
True
False
26
Which of the following conditions would cause an island to have a low species diversity?
Large, close to mainland
Small, far from mainland
Large, far from mainland
Small, close to mainland
27
What organism is liable to have the most ineffective transfer of energy?
Invertebrates
Ectotherms
Endotherms
Vertebrates
28
Based on the graph, population A is growing ________ than population B and r is ________ than r of population B.
Faster, less
Slower, less
Faster, greater
Slower, greater
29
During the Dust Bowl, a drought struck the Great Plains. What kind of population regulating factor is this?
Density-independent
Density-dependent
A drought is not a population regulation factor
Inverse density-dependent
30
What is the trophic-level transfer efficiency?
89%
11.2%
8.9%
0.089%
31
A is pointing to ________ and B is pointing to _______.
Synergids, antipodal cells
Antipodal cell, egg cell
Egg cell, antipodal cell
Antipodal cell, central cell
32
Which of the following is not considered a tracheophyte?
bryophytes
pteridophytes
seed-producing plants
lycophyte
33
what critical innovation developed at A
Milk
Lungs
Limbs
Amniotic egg
34
What is the net reproductive rate and is the population growing or shrinking?
0.72, shrinking
0.72, growing
0.54, growing
0.54, shrinking
35
The cohesion-tension model describes positive water pressure climbing to negative water pressure by transpiration.
False
True
36
In roots, apoplastic transport stops upon reaching what?
epidermis
pericycle
cortex
endodermis
37
Which of the following is not one of the fundamental tissues in an animal body?
Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Lumen
38
The relationship between ants nesting in acacia trees where the ants trim away competing plants is called:
Resource-base mutualism
Defensive mutualism
Parasitism
Commensalism
39
How much will population change in 1 year?
30
-30
105
90
40
Interspecific exploitation occurs btwn individs of the same pop in reduction/depletion of availability of a resource
False
True
41
What is the role of the Purkinje fibers in the heart?
It is the primary pacemaker
Conducts action potentials throughout the ventricles
Open and close the bicuspid and tricuspid valves so blood can pass through
Opens and closes the semilunar valves so blood can pass through
42
Using what structure do insects rid their body of waste?
kidneys
protonephridia
metaniphridia
malpighian tubules
43
During signal transmission in a synapse, which of the following does not occur?
Some neurotransmitters are taken back into presynaptic cell and broken down
Neurotransmitters bind to receptors in postsynaptic cell membrane
Calcium ions enter the synaptic cleft through voltage-gated channels
Action potential open voltage-gated ion channels
44
What blood vessels are primarily responsible for regulating blood pressure and flow?
Arteries
Arterioles
Venules
Veins
45
What effect does acetylcholine have on the CNS?
Stimulates skeletal muscle at neuromuscular junctions
Stimulates the brain
Inhibits cardiac muscle
Promotes digestion
46
Open circulatory system has high blood pressure while closed circulatory systems have low blood pressure.
True
False
47
What type of transport involves movement through plasmodesmata?
apoplastic
diffusion
symplastic
transmembrane
48
Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and the chest cavity expands, _________ pressure and drawing air into the lungs
there's no change in pressure
increasing
decreasing
49
Which of the following is true about glial cells
Glial cells surround the nodes of ranvier to insulate electrical impulses
None of the above
glial cells surround the cell body for protection
Glial cells surround the axon to insulate electrical impulses
50
Which of the following places the levels of organization in order of increasing size:
Organism – community – population – ecosystem – biosphere
Cells – tissue – organ – community – population
Organ – tissue – population – community – ecosystem
Atoms – tissue – population – ecosystem – biosphere
51
Which of the following correctly orders the development of a fruit?
Pollination, fertilization, embryo, ovary matures
Fertilization, embryo, ovary matures, pollination
None of the above
Pollination, embryo, fertilization, ovary matures
52
Food chains are short in length due to inefficient energy transfer between trophic levels.
False
True
53
The ______ is the innermost meningeal layer.
Arachnoid matter
Pia matter
Dura matter
subarachnoid space
54
What is ecology
The field of biology concerned with grouping/classification of species
biotic/abiotic interactions among organisms/between organisms and enviro
study of biotic interactions among organisms/between them and their environ
study of abiotic interactions among organisms/between them and their enviro
55
What is one of the functions of the hindbrain
Memory
Emotions
Respiration and cardiovascular regulation
Regulation of basic body functions
56
What factors determine systemic blood pressure?
cardiac output
Total peripheral resistance
heart rate
all of the above
57
Which of the following communities will have the highest species richness?
A very young community near the north pole
A large mountainous region with a low level of disturbance
A very old community experiencing a medium level of disturbance
A community with a high biomass on a peninsula
58
Which of the following is a critical innovation of pteridophytes?
euphylls
ovules
supportive vascular tissues
seed endosperm
59
The flower below has what type of inflorescence?
head
spike
raceme
umbel
60
Respiration and photosynthesis are central to this process
water cycle
phosphorous cycle
carbon cycle
nitrogen cycle
61
Which of the following is not part of the midbrain?
Medulla oblongata
Pons
Brainstem
Midbrain
62
Which of the following is an advantage to the nitrogenous waste that fish produce?
none of the above
low water solubility
low energy loss
low toxicity
63
Which of the following is a factor that maintains the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
Membrane impermeable to ions
Na+/K+-ATPase pump
More Na+ going out via channels
An equal amount of Na+ and K+ going out via channels
64
Which of the following are plant tissue types?
two of the above
collenchyma
dermal
Parenchyma
65
What type of cells are present at each apical meristem?
collenchyma
stem cells
sclerenchyma
parenchyma
66
Antidiuretic hormone…
adds aquaporins to Loop of Henle
Adds aquaporins to collecting duct
Stimulates active transport of Na+ out of distal tubule and K+ into tubule
B and C
67
Gymnosperms are to mosses as __________ is/are to amphibians.
Echinodermata
Mammalia
Reptiles
Chondrichthyes
68
What structure does the red line encompass?
renal cortex
inner medulla
renal pelvis
Outer medulla
69
How do decomposers help other organisms in an ecosystem?
They breakdown dead organisms and add nutrients back to the soil
Decomposers do not help other organisms in an ecosystem
They help disperse seeds for plant growth
They use light to make their own food that other organisms eat for energy
70
Which of the following statements is true:
Monocot leaf with parallel venation
Monocot leaf with branched venation
Eudicot leaf with branched venation
Eudicot leaf with parallel venation
71
What features distinguish bryophytes from other plants?
All of the above
Sporophytes dependent on gametophyte
Gametophyte dominant
Nonvascular
72
Protostome development is characterized by _______ and ________ cleavage.
indeterminate, spiral
Determinant, radial
Determinant, spiral
Indeterminate, radial
73
What is the production efficiency?
1.9%
9.0%
1.6%
80.7%
74
Nitrification is:
Formation of organic nitrogen compounds
When bacteria oxidize ammonia or ammonium to nitrate ions
Bacteria produce N2
When bacteria produce ammonia or ammonium
75
The section that A is pointing to is referred to as the:
Zone of maturation
root cap
root apical meristem
zone of elongation
76
Eumetazoa are defined by the critical innovation of:
Multicellularity
Endoskeleton development
Development of tissues
Multicellularity
77
What type of succession is occurring?
Tolerance
Inhibition
Facilitation
Unable to tell from data provided
78
Fungi are more closely related to plants.
True
False
79
Arthropods have a _________ circulatory system and use ________
Open, blood
Closed, hemolymph
Closed, blood
Open, hemolymph
80
Fungi are _________ and use __________ as a mechanism to obtain nutrients from their environment
Autotrophic, photosynthesis
Autotrophic, osmotrophy
Heterotrophic, absorptive nutrition
Heterotrophic, mycelium
81
What causes repolarization?
K+ entering the neuron
K+ and Na+ leaving the neuron
K+ ions leaving the neuron
K+ and Na+ entering the neuron
82
Sensory neurons send signals to the CNS and motor neurons send signals away from the CNS
False
True
83
When you are running a marathon, the O
2
dissociation curve will shift to the _______.
Right
No shift
Left
84
A graded potential will always lead to an action potential.
True
False
85
In the circulatory system of a bird, the right ventricle pumps blood_______
From the heart to the body tissues
From the lungs to the heart
From the heart to the lungs
From the body to the heart
86
A secondary consumer can also be classified as a(n):
detritivore
herbivore
carnivore
autotroph
87
This image shows a ______
eudicot root
eudicot stem
monocot root
monocot stem
88
A food chain is more complex than a food web
True
False
89
What initiates the heartbeat?
SA node
right atrium
AV node
purkinje fibers
90
What type of survivorship curve would a mosquito follow?
Type III
Type II
Type IV
Type I
91
In a food chain, energy flows in one direction
False
True
92
What system is part of the autonomic nervous system?
Parasympathetic
None of the above
Homeostasis
Somatic
93
During systole, the ventricles ________.
relax
contract
are open
are closed
94
What phylum is the most numerous?
echinodermata
chordata
mollusca
arthropoda
95
Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of chordates?
Hollow dorsal nerve
Vertebral column
Fibrous notochord
Post-anal tail
96
High H20 potential in the sieve tube elements of the phloem drives the bulk flow of H20 from adjacent xylem to phloem
False
True
97
Which of the following is true regarding bryophytes and pteridophytes?
Reproduction is limited by dry conditions
Bryophytes can produce more spores
All of the above
Pteridophytes have a smaller sporophyte generation
98
Surfactant functions to:
Dilate bronchioles
Remove excess water from lungs
Reduce surface tension of water in alveoli
Transport O2 into capillaries
99
Number 3 is pointing to the ________ which _______
Spongy mesophyll, facilitates the exchange of gasses
Palisade mesophyll, facilitates the exchange of gasses
Palisade mesophyll, is where most photosynthesis occurs
Guard cells, controls gas exchange
100
A is the root apical meristem and B is the shoot apical meristem.
False
True
