What is the recommended approach regarding the size of oyster seed to start with?

Start with as big seed as you can afford

What is a crucial factor for successful pitting of oysters in off-bottom culture, as per the text?

Maintaining pit below frostlevel or hav temp control to maintain at 35-40oF

What is an advantage of suspended oyster culture?

It allows easy access at the water's surface

Which of the following is a common method used to spawn bivalves in hatcheries?

thermal cycling or temperature stimulation

Why is it important to monitor and control aeration in larval rearing tanks?

To ensure even suspension of larvae and oxygenation

Why is food flux important in shellfish nurseries?

Ensures metabolic needs are met

Why must different sizes of broodstock be conditioned when working with animals that change sex with size?

To ensure both sexes will be present

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AQS final

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Questions 200

Answers

1
Which of these systems can be operated in “prohibited” waters?
Bio-reactors
Hatchery tanks
Sediment trays
In-water nurseries
2
Which of the following things need to be removed from quahog netting?
sAND
seaweed
Predators
mud
3
What is the recommended approach regarding the size of oyster seed to start with?
Begin with seed of any size as long as it's from a hatchery
Begin with the smallest seed available
Start with seed collected from the wild
Start with as big seed as you can afford
4
The stocking density of oysters in gear will need to be reduced as oysters grow in size to maintain uniform growth.
False
True
5
What are the settling cues that are eventually looked for in larval culture?
feet
growth
Drain downs
General health
6
What is a characteristic of continuous algae culture (open systems)?
Lack of input or output
Non-steady or transient states
Discontinuous process
Steady-state conditions
7
Which organization is known for creating kelp-based value-added products in the U.S
BlueKelp USA
Atlantic Sea Farms
Ocean’s Finest
Sea Weeds Inc.
8
What is the purpose of floats in a kelp farming system?
Predator deterrents
Decoration
Keep longlines buoyant
Increase sedimentation
9
Which measurement should you NOT rely on alone when buying seed?
Mesh screen rating
Size retention test
Hatchery’s reported size
Field measurement
10
What type of anchoring is commonly used at both ends of a kelp farm longline?
Deadweight anchors
Pile anchoring
Helical screws
Sandbags
11
Bull raking is the only method available to harvest quahogs?
True
False
12
What is the main function of the mesh screen in a silo?
Prevent algae from entering
Limit water turbulence
Hold seed above inflow
Separate species
13
What company supplies aquaculture ropes and equipment from New Zealand?
Ocean Thread Ltd.
Pacific Marine Tech
ShellFarm Co.
Quality Equipment (QE)
14
What is the recommended target density for clams in a planting bed?
50-100 clams/ft²
200-300 clams/ft²
100-200 clams/ft²
10-50 clams/ft²
15
What should you do if the quality of your product is off?
Change the product name
Lower the price
Increase marketing efforts
Stop shipping
16
What is a crucial factor for successful pitting of oysters in off-bottom culture, as per the text?
Maintaining pit below frostlevel or hav temp control to maintain at 35-40oF
Closing the pit tightly to prevent variation in environmental conditions
Ensuring humidity in the pit is maintained at 50%
Keeping the pit above frost level
17
What does FLUPSY stand for?
Floating Light Upwelling System
Floating Upweller System
Filtered Lagoon Upflow System
Flexible Uplift Structure
18
Which upweller design provides maximum protection from the elements?
Onshore within a structure
Floating without shore power
Onshore exposed to weather
On a mooring
19
How can a grower tell if oyster seed is alive upon delivery?
Smell for rot
Count the shells
Check for tissue or pumping
Shake the bag
20
What part of a bivalve secretes the calcium carbonate shell?
mantle
foot
siphons
umbo
21
What pathogen causes Bacillary Necrosis in larval bivalves?
Roseovarius crassostreae
Vibrio sp.
Haplosporidium nelsoni
Perkinsus marinus
22
The final rearing phase in shellfish aquaculture, where shellfish grow to market size, is called:
Cultivation
Hatchery
Nursery
Grow-out
23
Which geographic location first identified OsHV-1 in the U.S.?
Tomales Bay, California
Chesapeake Bay
Narragansett Bay
Rhode Island
24
Shellfish grow by
Filter feeding plankton
Eating worms
Grazing on the bacteria which live on sand grains
Predation of smaller sized shellfish
25
Which oyster species is the host for Juvenile Oyster Disease (JOD)?
Ostrea edulis
Crassostrea gigas
Crassostrea virginica
Saccostrea glomerata
26
What is the best method to cool shellfish quickly?
40-45 °F ice slurry dips
Natural cooling
Air conditioning
. Refrigeration
27
How often is it recommended to sort oysters?
Once per season
Annually
A couple of times per summer
Monthly
28
Which type of algae culture can theoretically be operated indefinitely?
Continuous culture
Batch culture
Closed system
Open system
29
Which shape silo offers better water distribution in upweller systems?
Tapered
round
hexagonal
triangular
30
What should you do if you see someone doing something that might cause an illness or reflect badly on the industry?
Take over their lease
join them
Ignore it
Report it
31
What is noted as an advantage of bottom trays for oyster cultivation?
Light and easy handling when solo
Limited product capacity
low profile
Extra expense of bags
32
What is an advantage of suspended oyster culture?
It allows easy access at the water's surface
It is low in capital cost for installation
Fouling is less likely to plug up baskets
It requires shallow water
33
Which mussel farming system offers more growing space per acre?
Net Pen
Double Longline
lantern net
Single Longline
34
At what size are quahogs usually planted?
<15mm (>1/2 inch)
<8mm (1/3 inch)
>15mm (>1/2 inch)
>8mm (1/3 inch)
35
What is the typical seed size range handled by a Bottle Upweller (BUPSY)?
175 to 500 microns
3 mm to 25 mm
500 microns to 5-6 mm
2 mm to 15 mm
36
What is a key component of the business plan reviewed by lenders?
The list of business awards
The cash flow statement
The company logo design
The employee dress code
37
Which of the following is a common method used to spawn bivalves in hatcheries?
Gradual salinity reduction
thermal cycling or temperature stimulation
Manual shell brushing
Light deprivation for 48 hours
38
Which of the following is true about fouling on nursery mesh screens?
improves filtration
Increases food flux
Reduces water flow
helps seed attach
39
Why are empty lines used every 6 rows in offshore mussel farms?
Collect more spat
Improve algae access
Easier harvesting
. Prevent cascading failures
40
At what seed size do oysters typically move from hatchery to nursery systems?
2-3mm
1mm
0.25mm
10mm
41
Why is it important to monitor and control aeration in larval rearing tanks?
To prevent shell hardening too early
To maintain constant water temperature
To ensure even suspension of larvae and oxygenation
To reduce algae consumption
42
Why is food flux important in shellfish nurseries?
Maintains salinity
Controls temperature
Keeps seed dry
Ensures metabolic needs are met
43
Why must different sizes of broodstock be conditioned when working with animals that change sex with size?
To ensure both sexes will be present
To maintain genetic variability
To account for total fecundity
To improve nutrient energy for ripeness
44
What species is affected by Dermo disease?
Mya arenaria
Crassostrea virginica
Crassostrea gigas
Mercenaria mercenaria
45
What is the primary food source for the larvae in the culture tank?
algae
Filtered seawater
Settling cues
Nylon mesh
46
What is the most productive method for the growout of surf clams?
Netted raceways
Floating rafts
Subtidal cages
Growout in open water
47
Development of male organs before female to avoid self-fertilization is called:
hermaphroditism
dioecious
Protandry
monoecious
48
Which method is used to count shellfish seed by dividing and reducing a pile?
Splitting method
Screening method
Weighing method
Aliquot method
49
At what temperature does JOD typically occur?
Below 15°C
Constant year-round
21–22°C
Above 30°C
50
What factor most significantly affects oyster seed growth in a BUPSY system?
flow rate
Type of algae used
Vessel color
salinity
51
Which of the following is listed as an advantage of bottom culture for oysters?
High visual impact
Low capital required
Greater control of shell shape
More opposition in permitting
52
Which of the following is NOT a crustacean?
Shrimp
Crab
Lobster
Squid
53
The majority of mollusks are marine
True
False
54
Shellfish grow by
Eating worms
Grazing on the bacteria which live on sand grains
Filter feeding plankton
Predation of smaller sized shellfish
55
Which three factors interact to result in disease?
Host susceptibility, agent virulence, environmental conditions
Growth rate, food type, light exposure
Host age, parasite presence, predation
Salinity, pH, sediment type
56
What is listed as a disadvantage of suspended oyster culture?
Requirement of shallow water
Lower capital cost for installation
Utilization of only a portion of the water column
Need for heavy equipment to handle gear
57
What is the estimated production of oysters per 3D-COAST LPA (Long-line Planting Apparatus)?
100,000 oysters
50,000 oysters
125,000 oysters
75,000 oysters
58
What is one of the four "S" principles for nursery maintenance?
shuffling
seeding
scrubbing
scratching
59
What type of bacteria are Vibrios?
Naturally occurring
Sewage-related
Pollution-related
Artificially introduced
60
What is the anchor scope ratio commonly used in mussel farms?
2:1
3:1
4:1
1:1
61
What is the species name of oysters cultured in RI?
Crassostrea virginica
Ensis directus
Crassostrea gigas
. Mercenaria mercenaria
62
Why are double longlines not ideal for exposed offshore environments?
Poor anchoring options
Hard to install
Poor seed collection
Product weight and lack of wave protection
63
Which layout is most commonly used for kelp farming?
Rectangular net pens
rows of longlines oriented into the current
Circular drum cages
Zigzag floating pens
64
Which factor should be considered first when developing a shellfish nursery?
Measuring salinity
choosing a silo color
Assessing your needs
Buying the cheapest seed
65
Which part of the Chinese hat collector often collects more spat?
top
underside
rim
tip
66
Why should you purchase seed from multiple hatcheries?
. They are all cheap
To avoid total loss if one fails
they sell in bulk
For more species
67
Mercenaria mercenaria shells are symmetric while Crassostrea virginica shells are asymmetric
True
False
68
What potential challenge is associated with a thick algae cover at an oyster farming site?
increased water flow
Increased growth rate
Enhanced crop safety
Difficulty in harvesting
69
What are the "Marketing" criteria for selecting alternative shellfish species?
Growth rate and Seed production
Available sites and Texture
taste and Flavor, Appearance, and Texture
Growth rate and Packing tolerance
70
The share of world fisheries and aquaculture by marine water is greater than that by inland waters.
True
False
71
What is the key concern when screens get clogged?
reduced flow
High salinity
Mesh tearing
Spat escape
72
What is a potential disadvantage of using bottom trays for oyster cultivation?
Standard wire mesh sizes
Heavy and awkward handling when solo
High profile
Extra expense of bags
73
Most oyster farms will have multiple-year classes of production on the farm at any given time.
True
False
74
What is recommended for maintaining consistency in product size?
Culling and sorting
Offering discounts
Reducing harvest frequency
Using larger packaging
75
At what size do most oyster growers typically free-plant oyster seed?
½" to 1"
1½" to 2"
2" to 3"
. 3" to 4"
76
What is the recommendation regarding mesh size as animals grow?
Always use small mesh
. Use larger mesh when possible
Change mesh weekly
Avoid mesh altogether
77
Which sign is characteristic of JOD?
Gill hypertrophy
Mantle retraction and deep cupping
Shell thickening
Discoloration of shell
78
What is highlighted as a potential bottleneck for surf clam farming?
Lack of hatchery availability for seed production
Low demand in the market
High mortality during the summer in warm water locations
Difficulty in obtaining suitable growout technology
79
What aspect of shellfish is crucial for a brand?
Packaging
size
quality
color
80
Which of the following is listed as a disadvantage of bottom culture for oysters?
Less labor after the nursery phase
Natural fouling control
Lower potential for siltation and algae cover smothering
Higher mortality from predators
81
What is the primary reason for the increase in Vibrio illnesses?
Warming waters and air temperatures
increased shellfish consumption
Lack of education
Poor hygiene
82
What is the purpose of the Harvester Education program?
To discuss international shellfish trade
To learn regulations of the National Shellfish Sanitation Program
To provide a history lesson on shellfish
To teach cooking techniques
83
Oysters will usually only be handled once on an oyster farm.
True
False
84
Based on their life style, quahogs are considered:
Epifaunal
Swimmers
Semi-infaunal
Infaunal
85
What is listed as an advantage of off-bottom culture for oyster farming?
Slower growth when elevated off substrate
Lower chance of problems with siltation
Reduced impact from predators and pests
Limited use of three-dimensional space
86
Shellfish grow by
Eating worms
Filter-feeding plankton
Grazing on the bacteria that live on sand grains
Predation of smaller-sized shellfish
87
What is the major disadvantage of using a BUPSY system?
Seed can be lost easily
Low water flow
Large system footprint
High power efficiency
88
What is the recommended density for free-planting oyster seed per acre?
10-20 oysters/m2
100-200 oysters/m2
1-2 oysters/m2
1000-2000 oysters/m2
89
What is a characteristic of razor clams (Ensis leei)?
They are stationary and do not move much.
they burrow deep and are highly mobile.
They are commonly found in warm water habitats.
They are traditionally harvested for their shells.
90
Which of the following is NOT a mollusk?
squid
Crab
snail
Scallop
91
Which country has optimized mussel farming automation with 40 years of experience?
New Zeland
USA
ireland
Canada
92
What is the optimal flow rate for a BUPSY system for good bed expansion?
20–25 liters per minute
8–10 liters per minute
5–6 liters per minute
1–2 liters per minute
93
Which of the following is NOT listed as a silo construction material?
wood
fiber glass
plastic barrels
copper pipes
94
What is the definition of aquaculture according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)?
Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, mollusks,
Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms like crustaceans, and aqua
95
How often should full cleaning occur in some farm sites?
daily
Once per season
Every two weeks
Every two months
96
What was the primary reason for the increased interest in Razor Clam farming in the early 2000s?
A sudden increase in the market value of wild harvest
The establishment of new regulations favoring clam farming
A decline in wild clam populations
Advancements in growout technology
97
Which nursery system allows for natural feeding using ambient bay water?
Bottle upweller
Downweller
field upweller
Silo tower
98
For seed producers in other than approved water, what is the maximum size for oyster seed before it must be put out?
52mm
32mm
42mm
22mm
99
Which culture system uses lantern nets and pearl nets?
Suspended field nursery
Raceway
Static upweller
Downwellers
100
When the current pulse (cohort) of larvae settles into a location, this is called:
Metamorphosis
Settlement
Recruitment
spat
101
Tumbling is a way to:
Provide oysters exercise
Check oysters for maturity
Help shape the oyster by chipping and rounding the growing edge
Reduce the speed of oyster during swimming
102
What is advised regarding planting densities during the growout stage of razor clams?
Planting densities should exceed 1,000/m2.
Planting densities are not a significant factor in razor clam cultivation.
Planting densities should be around 500/m2.
Planting densities should be kept below 1,000/m2.
103
Which country currently produces the most kelp?
China
Japan
USA
South korea
104
What material is preferred for settling Oysters?
Hard substrate
Cobble
Calcium carbonate slurry
Eelgrass blades
105
For seed producers in other than approved water, what is the maximum size for clam seed before it must be put out?
25mm
15mm
20mm
10mm
106
What is the estimated area of the top of a Chinese hat collector used in spat collection?
1000 cm²
1200 cm²
900 cm²
750 cm²
107
Which U.S. organization supports kelp farmers with new technology and subsidies?
GreenWave
Aquaculture Now
NOAA
Marine Aid
108
How many broodstock individuals are generally recommended per spawning attempt?
50
25
10
100
109
The first modern aquaculture licenses in RI were awarded in…………….
1970s
1960s
1980s
1950s
110
Which of the following is considered a major upweller advantage?
No maintenance
No electricity needed
Cheap startup cost
High food flux and good water flow
111
What is the biggest risk of high stocking density in nursery systems?
More space efficiency
Slower growth and stunting
Cleaner silos
Less need for grading
112
What must be kept separate and not sold prior to the end of a 4-month period?
Cultured shellfish
Seed from uncertified waters
Adult shellfish
Harvested shellfish
113
Which system is typically used for very small post-set seed (175–500 microns)?
raceway
lantern net
field nursery
downweller
114
What kind of anchor is considered most reliable for aquaculture farms?
Helical screw anchors
Deadweight
Gravity blocks
sandbags
115
What does “scrubbing” mean in nursery management?
Rinsing algae
Cleaning fouled screens
Washing tanks weekly
Seed brushing
116
What happens when spat density on a collector reaches 100,000?
Competition for food and space occurs
Spat reach 20 mm by fall
Growth is accelerated
Spat fall off the collector
117
What is a potential aquaculture strategy to overcome seasonal mussel mortality?
Harvest in spring only
Relocate to freshwater farms
Add artificial shading
Breed heat-tolerant mussels
118
What is highlighted as a potential challenge during the early post-set phase in razor clam nursery operations?
Hatchery inefficiencies
Protozoan ciliate contamination
Substrate type mismatch
Sediment tray failure
119
Based on their lifestyle, oysters are considered:
Infaunal
Epifaunal
Burrowers
Semi-infaunal
120
What is a common practice when using bottom-placed bags for holding market-sized oysters?
Storing the bags vertically
Using smaller bags for better drainage
Regularly flipping or shaking the bags
Leaving the bags undisturbed
121
What material is NOT recommended for silo construction due to fragility or cost?
Sewer pipe
King-Kan trash can
Sheet plastic
glass
122
How many cases of Vibrio vulnificus are there annually in the US?
About 156
About 15
About 1,560
Non
123
How many bags are needed if starting with 50,000 oysters of 10-mm size?
30-35 bags
200-350 bags
3-4 bags
100-175 bags
124
What are identified as potential bottlenecks for Blood Ark (Anadara ovalis) farming?
Insufficient availability of suitable habitats
Limited growth potential and slow maturation
Lack of demand in the market
Need for improvement in setting conditions and marketing efforts
125
What mesh size is typically used to describe oyster bags?
4.0 mm
1.0 mm
2.5 mm only
0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 mm
126
Which vessel shape provided the most effective flow distribution in BUPSY performance tests?
Inverted cone
Inclined pipe
Straight cylinder
Hourglass cylinder
127
Whats the primary purpose of ensuring a mixture of gametes from a variety of individuals during broodstock conditioning
To maintain genetic variability
To increase the number of spawning events
To improve nutrient energy for ripeness
To reduce the number of broodstock needed
128
What is an advantage of suspended oyster culture?
It allows access to deep water sites
It requires minimal ground tackle and backbone
It allows access to shallow water sites
It is inflexible in gear configuration and species cultured
129
What diagnostic method is commonly used for JOD?
Electron microscopy
Culture plates
CT scans
Gross exam, histology, and PCR
130
Tumbling is a way to:
Provide oysters exercise
Help shape the oyster by chipping and rounding the growing edge
Check oysters for maturity
131
Which diagnostic method is used for Bacillary Necrosis?
PCR only
x-ray imaging
Gross and microscopic examination, bacterial culture
Serology
132
What was the suggested product size for surf clams (Spisula solidissima) marketed for the steamer market?
8 inches
4 inches
2 inches
6 inches
133
What is a characteristic of soft shell clams (Mya arenaria)?
They are highly mobile.
They prefer rocky substrates.
They are a pelagic species.
They dig deep for predator avoidance.
134
What internal tissue of a bivalve holds the two valves (shells) together?
adductor muscle
mantle
foot muscle
umbo
135
What is identified as a disadvantage of longline oyster cultivation?
Ice damage
Durable
Small visual impact
Easy to handle
136
What are the two growout technologies that have been successful for surf clam cultivation?
Floating rafts and submersible cages
Plastic trays and bottom cages
Florida soft bags and square mesh "suitcases"
Subtidal cages and suspended ropes
137
What is the typical length of a kelp longline?
2000ft
500ft
1000ft
750ft
138
In the context of algal culture systems, what is the role of a “carboy”?
It is used to store live bivalves before spawning
It is a container used for small-scale algae culture
It is a large tank used for settling larvae
It is a filtration unit for shellfish tanks
139
A facility that specializes in spawning and larval culture of shellfish is:
Shellfish Nursery
Wholesale dealer
Shellfish market
Shellfish hatchery
140
What component is essential for estimating seed quantity by weight?
Number of silos
Oxygen concentration
Water volume
Average weight per 100 seed
141
Which of the following best describes a closed algae system (batch culture)?
Steady-state conditions
Continuous input and output of materials
Continuous flow culture
Lack of input or output once inoculated
142
When should bivalves ideally be tested for disease?
During transport and times of morbidity
Only when selling to consumers
Only when harvesting
Every winter season
143
What is a unique characteristic of the Blood Ark (Anadara ovalis) among clams?
Preference for rocky substrates
Lack of byssal attachment
Presence of hemoglobin in its blood
Long lifespan of 10-15 years
144
What is identified as a disadvantage of off-bottom culture for oyster farming?
Low capital costs for startup
Fouling enhancing water flow through structures
Minimal attention required for maintenance of structures
Potential conflict with other users
145
Based on their life style, scallops are considered:
Burrowers
Epifaunal
Infaunal
Semi-infaunal
146
What is the required action if shellfish are exposed for more than 12 hours for fouling control?
No resubmergence needed
Resubmerge for 3 days
Resubmerge for 5 days
Resubmerge for 2 days
147
What type of pathogen causes Dermo disease?
Haplosporidium nelsoni
Perkinsus marinus (a protozoan-like dinoflagellate)
Vibrio vulnificus
Mycobacterium spp.
148
In ……………., Rhode Island Oyster Act established means to award oyster aquaculture leases in Rhode Island
2004
1964
1864
1764
149
Which of these is NOT one of the three countries with centuries-old kelp industries?
south korea
Indonesia
Japan
China
150
Based on their life style, quahogs are considered obligate:
Epifaunal
Semi-infaunal
Burrowers
Infaunal
151
Aquatic animals and plants are farmed for many purposes including food. say more purposes of aquaculture other thanfood
na
restoration, recreation (fishing), education, pharmaceuticals
na
restoration, recreation (fishing), education, pharmaceuticals
152
Why does kelp farming in the U.S. lag behind Asian countries?
Limited space
Poor water quality
Cold water temperatures
Less cultural integration and industrial development
153
Based on their lifestyle, ribbed mussels are considered:
Infaunal
Burrowers
Epifaunal
Semi-infaunal
154
What advice is given regarding investment in oyster farming during the initial years?
Invest heavily to ensure rapid growth
Invest cautiously and avoid risking more than you can afford to lose
Invest primarily in nursery systems for maximum returns
Only invest in technology-dependent systems
155
Which of the following challenges mussel farming in Southern New England?
High summer water temperatures
Ocean acidification
Lack of mussel spat
Strong freshwater inputs
156
Blue-ringed octopus belongs to the phylum Mollusca
False
True
157
What is the main advantage of field nurseries?
Minimal maintenance
No predation risk
Good water and food flow
Fully controlled temperature
158
What is emphasized as crucial in softshell clam culture?
Ignoring site selection for better yields
Regular maintenance of nets to prevent sanding over
Planting soft shell clams early in the season
159
What has been a significant challenge regarding soft shell clam (Mya arenaria) farming?
Technical difficulties in hatchery production
Political friction between wild harvesters and farmers
Limited market demand
Lack of suitable growout technology
160
What is listed as an advantage of longline oyster cultivation?
Ice damage
Low visual impact
Inexpensive
Good shell shape
161
What is the doubling time of Vibrio parahaemolyticus at 90ºF?
10-20 minutes
40-60 minutes
15-40 minutes
5-10 minutes
162
What must shellfish growers refresh every 2 years?
Their cooking skills
Their equipment #randomize
Their marketing strategies
Their knowledge of regulations
163
Which one of these statements is NOT TRUE about quahog farming?
The larger the seed the more expensive it is
Nets are unnecessary for keeping predators out
The smaller the seed the greater the mortality
164
What is a site selection consideration for using flip bags for oyster farming?
Presence of rocks for post-installation
High visibility at high tide
Minimal rocks (need to drive posts)
Deep water (>2’ MLW)
165
Sex of oysters can be determined from the shape of the shell
False
True
166
In 2023, the overall number of individual aquaculture sites in Rhode Island is…………………
64
104
44
84
167
What is a critical advantage of the FLUPSY system?
Minimal food requirements
Good water flow and high food flux
Does not require power
No need for water access
168
Which characteristic is important when selecting broodstock?
Responsive to stimulation
Well-formed shell
Intact hinge (for scallops)
Largest body size
169
What is the recommended stocking density for oysters in bags based on their size
10,000-16,000 oysters/bag for ½-inch (12.7mm) oysters
500 oysters/bag for 1-inch (25mm) oysters
150-250 oysters/bag for market-sized (75mm) oysters
1,000 oysters/bag for 2-inch (50mm) oysters
170
What is an important factor to consider when analyzing the market size and trend?
The color of the product packaging
The type of music played at the business location
The number of potential consumers for the product
The number of employees in the business
171
The harvesting of naturally occurring living resources from aquatic environments is known as
Farmed Fisheries
Capture Fisheries
. Aquaculture
. Culture Fisheries
172
What is the purpose of sorting oysters on a regular basis?
To prevent bigger oysters from outcompeting smaller ones for food
To ensure a mix of oyster sizes for better competition
To increase overall oyster density
173
Which substrate do Bay Scallops prefer for settling?
hard substrate
cobble
fine thread
eelgrass blades
174
What material is commonly used for settling Quahogs, steamer clams, and razor clams?
Fine thread
Hard substrate
Eelgrass blades
cobble
175
The FCR of quahog is higher than that of tilapia
False
True
176
What pathogen causes Juvenile Oyster Disease?
Perkinsus marinus
MSX
Aliiroseovarius crassostreae
Vibrio vulnificus
177
What is the main purpose of a nursery system?
Reduce algae
Harvest broodstock
Kill weak spat
Grow small seed to larger size
178
Which environmental factors most promote disease in bivalves?
pH and sediment
Water temperature and salinity
Current and tides
Oxygen levels and light
179
What is the new strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus called?
O5:K13
O6:K14
O3:K11
O4:K12
180
Aquaculture often utilizes public or common resources
False
True
181
appropriate size range for transferring oysters from the nursery to growout system can be anywhere between 10 mm – 2”
False
True
182
When oyster larvae transform into their adult body shape, this is called:
Settlement
Recruitment
Metamorphosis
spat
183
What is a solution recommended for off-bottom oyster farming sites vulnerable to ice during winter?
Using larger oyster bags
Installing additional structures
Adding insulation to existing structures
Move to deeper waters
184
What percentage of Vibrio vulnificus illnesses are fatal?
About 90%
About 2%
About 20%
About 0.2%
185
Based on their life style, geoducks are considered
Infaunal
Swimmers
Epifaunal
Semi-infaunal
186
What is the type of marketing that involves getting local media attention?
Digital marketing
Social media marketing
Guerrilla marketing
Direct marketing
187
It is recommend to begin growing oysters in either Spring or Winter
False
True
188
What is the name of the lead agency that regulates aquaculture in Rhode Island?RI CRMC
Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council
Rhode Island Coastal Management Council
Rhode Island Coastal Resources Manage Council
Rhode Island Coastal Resources Council
189
What is a notable feature of the Blood Ark's biology?
It spawns during the winter.
It lacks siphons and filters by gaping at the sediment surface.
It prefers salinities below 15 ppt.
It has a long lifespan of over 10 years.
190
What is required to be indicated on a Harvester tag?
The water temperature
The start time when the first shellfish breaks the surface
The type of shellfish
The weight of the shellfish
191
What host does Oyster Herpes Virus (OsHV) primarily infect?
soft shell clams
eastern oysters (C. virginica)
Pacific oysters (C. gigas)
Hard clams
192
What is the major source of foodborne illness in the US?
Salmonella
Norovirus
E. coli
Listeria
193
Which factor is most limiting in early nursery systems with small seed?
Light
food and oxygen
Predation
Sediment quality
194
Which of the following is a value-added kelp product mentioned in the presentation?
kelp oil
Dried sushi wrappers
Smoothie blocks
Pickled kelp pearls
195
What is a characteristic of surf clams (Spisula solidissima)?
They prefer low energy sand habitats.
They are a small bivalve species.
They are traditionally harvested for the chopped clam market
They are immobile once established.
196
This type of gear may be used to culture oysters:
Rack and bag
Hanging baskets
Floating bags
197
Why is size grading (sieving) important in shellfish nurseries?
Prevents stunted growth
Lowers temperature
Reduces hatchery workload
Avoids overfeeding
198
What length are typical mussel farm lines?
300m
400m
200m
100m
199
What is a disadvantage of using flat oyster bags compared to boxed oyster bags?
Less fabrication labor
Lower cost
Time-consuming construction
Less volume
200
What advantage does continuous algae culture have over batch culture?
Discontinuous process
Lack of input or output
Better control
Non-steady states

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