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Comp Exam Quiz
Comp Exam Quiz
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1
Empathy fatigue is common in professionals who:
practice self-care techniques
treat clients without empathy and rarely care about client outcomes
treat survivors of stressful and traumatic events; treat mood, anxiety, etc
work in administrative positions and do not treat individuals
2
The early uses of virtual reality in counseling has been with the treatment of individuals who have been diagnosed with
schizophrenia
PTSD
insomnia
borderline personality disorder
3
Each major mental health professional organization has its own code of ethics; however, most of these codes are:
old and outdated, not pertaining to current ethical dilemmas
broad and general and do not provide specific answers to ethical dilemmas
specific and informative, giving answers to all ethical dilemmas
not necessary to obtain or read
4
Bandura's observational learning theory differs from Skinner's operant theory
on the need for experimental research
on the need to directly act to learn
on the value of general stages
on the existence of direct rewards and punishments
5
Ainsworth describes insecure-avoidant children as
consistently independent in both the home and the Strange Situation
avoiding strangers at all costs, but clinging to the mother
avoiding new situations whenever possible
reacting defensively to the threat of maternal unresponsiveness
6
Theorist who would support the idea that career development is a process that unfolds gradually across the life span?
Krumboltz
Super
Parson
Holland
7
Those clients who receive interpretation of test results tend to have a:
More negative outcome
Better counseling outcome if the interpretation concerns academic issues
Better counseling outcome than those who do not receive an interpretation
Better outcome if shared within a group vs individual feedback
8
What are the four areas in socialization that Bandura studies?
modeling, vicarious learning, observation, self-regulation
aggression, gender roles, prosocial behavior, and self-regulation
aggression, modeling, selflessness, observation
9
Active Listening Skills
Both a and b
reflecting, summarizing, attending
paraphrasing, restating, encouraging
demanding, yelling, putting down
10
The 4 components of Observational Learning are:
attention, retention, production and motivation
attenuation, modeling, reinforcement, motivation
vicarious, prosocial, cultural, punishment
11
The central goal of existential psychotherapy is to:
decrease self-awareness.
keep the client from experiencing authentic existence
increase awareness
help client reject responsibility of choosing
12
The text indicates how Skinner discussed emotions as the effects of
discriminative stimuli
reinforcement schedules
behavior chains
shaping
13
A clinician lies to client about calling their parent, what ethical principle are they violating
Nonmaleficence
Beneficence
Autonomy
Fidelity
14
The basic purpose of professional codes of ethics is to:
enhance the image of the helping profession
protect professionals from lawsuits
set standards that must be followed no matter the situation
educate professionals about ethical conduct, professional accountability
15
Parson’s outstanding contribution to the career counseling movement was his
Method of measuring aptitudes for immigrants
Speech at the first national conference on vocational guidance
Research on career development of children
Conceptual Framework for helping an individual select a career
16
The social cognitive career theory (SCCT) makes the following points concerning gender and ethnicity:
Inherited biological traits are the focus of career decisions
Observation of others determines career choice
Individual's socially constructed world is the focus of career decision
Perception of self in relation to work activity determines career choice
17
Random assignment to groups _________ the effects of some threats to validity.
decreases
escalates
increases
doesn't change
18
In Gottfredson’s Theory the process by occupational choice occurs by eliminating negative choices is referred to as:
Cognitive maps of occupations
Compromise
Fantasy Islands
Circumscription
19
The three types of hypotheses mentioned by Houser are null, nondirectional, and
working
major
directional
bidirectional
20
Piagetians generally believe that Bandura
is more in agreement with Freudian thinking than their own
has demonstrated the effects of classical conditioning
underestimates the power of spontaneous interests
is in agreement with them, except for minor detail
21
Adolescents tend to shift toward a
biologically determined later sleep schedule
biologically determined earlier sleep schedule
culturally determined earlier sleep schedule
culturally determined later sleep schedule
22
women in "gender appropriate" occupations confront less biases/stereotypes, encounter barriers such as lower earnings.
True
False
23
The correct components of the ABC theory of personality are:
antecedent, behavior, consequences
activating events, behaviors, cognition
activating event, belief, consequence
antecedent, belief, cognition
24
A clinicians emotional reactions to their client, which involves their own projections is based on:
caretaking
transference
nurturance
countertransference
25
The Code of Ethics Standards of Practice of the ACA indicate appropriate use of an instrument rests with:
All of the above share equally in the responsibility
The academic training program of clinician
The clinician
The publisher of the instrument
26
A Black male, sees a white woman therapist, and is now in search for a Black male therapist. What stage of development?
introspection
resistance and immersion
dissonance
conformity
27
The most common anxiety disorder of childhood is:
Generalized Anxiety
separation anxiety
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Somatization
28
Match the client issues and behavior to the appropriate stage: Loss
Working Stage
Initial Stage
Transition Stage
Final Stage
29
Storming in group context means
thunder and lightening
the group members are trying to find their role in the group.
group members yell at one another
group members don't like the counselor
30
How does vicarious learning occur in groups?
it only works in deep therapy
Through observing others or modeling
letting somebody tell there story
does not occur in groups
31
Vygotsky created the "zone of proximal development"
to distinguish between the truly gifted and other children
to indicate the child's potential for independent learning
to give educators a true assessment of children's current intelligence
to assess children's potential for new learning
32
Which of the following is NOT a step involved in behavior change?
Assess previous change attempts and resources.
Identify a specific problem.
Gain insight into the problem.
Explore the idea of action for this problem.
33
This instrument has nine descriptive scales
Beck Depression Inventory
Beck Anxiety Inventory
Symptom Checklist –90 Revised
California Psychological Inventory
34
The Working Stage comes after ______ and is when group members can ________
none, meet and talk to one another
Transitional, explore their thoughts and emotions
Initial Stage, have difficulty talking with others
Understanding Stage, begin termination
35
Jeremy cannot remember a phone number without jotting it down. He demonstrates deficit in
Selective attention
Sustained attention
Attentional capacity
Impulsivity
36
The most appropriate restatement would be which of the following?
"Your son is involved in many new and different activities."
"You sound overwhelmed."
"You were close to your son, but now things seem different."
"Say more about that."
37
when clients place past feelings or attitudes they had toward significant people in their lives onto their therapist
mirroring
projection
transference
countertransference
38
From the family system perspective, symptoms are often viewed as:
evidence of psychopathology
an expression of a set of habits and patterns within a family
a sign of weakness
a result of cognitive distortions
39
A "dual relationship" occurs when
The helper reminds the client of another important
There is a competitive nature in the therapeutic relationship
There is similarity between how the client and helper perception
Someone in power interacts in two different roles with an individual
40
researchers can replicate the events occurring in the natural environment and generalize the results to the population
external validity
internal validity
extraneous
replication
41
What are the stages of group development
initial, transitional, working, termination
forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning
beginning, middle, and end
initial, transition, working, final
42
A favorable resolution of the conflict between identity and role confusion leads to a sense of
fidelity
ego integrity
purpose
care
43
______ is inevitable in groups and is not negative if harnessed by the therapist to serve the group.
Generalizing
Pleasure
Control
Conflict
44
The trait-and-factor approach of career counseling incorporates:
clients do not have traits that can be matched with occupations
Primarily subjective information
success in an occupation from the client's measured trait characteristics
Diagnosis and decision making
45
The type of cognitive error that involves thinking and interpreting in all or nothing terms
overgeneralization
polarized thinking
magnification and exaggeration
arbitrary inference
46
Hideki has a panic attack at a baseball game. Next week he had a panic attack again at the stadium. This panic attack is
Situational bound
Uncued
Cued
Environmentally predisposed
47
True or False: Lesbian and gay youth experience elevated rates of mental health diagnosis (MDD, GAD, SUD).
True
False
48
In conducting an interview with a client from another culture, the counselor should:
Conduct the interview using close-ended questions
Use checklists or rating scales rather than interview
Use a multiple-choice format in the interviewing
Consider the degree to which self-disclosure is encouraged in that culture
49
In Japan, the anxiety syndrome termed taijin kyofusho involves a fear of
Embarrassing oneself
Speaking to females
Personally offending others
Performing onstage
50
A person who is starting to integrate with the disability community is likely in which stage of Gill's Model?
coming out
coming with
coming toward
coming home
51
Theoretically, the more control the researchers have over the experimental condition, ______.
the higher the internal validity
the lower the internal reliability
the lower the internal validity
the higher the internal reliability
52
Which test is among the most commonly used intelligence instruments?
Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (TONI)
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
53
Substantial research suggests that minority students tend to be ______ in special education
Overrepresented
Equally represented
Misrepresented
Underrepresented
54
The basic aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to:
Treat specific learning disorders
Correct irrational thinking
Make the unconscious motives conscious
Change overt behavior
55
The dimensional approach to classification of mental disorders differs from the categorical b/c it provides
is diagnostic labels based on presence of specific symptoms
info that is used to determine the cause & tx of disorder
lists symptoms associated w/the forms of disorder believed to exist
scales that indicate experiencing cognition, moods, & behaviors
56
Why was career counseling created?
To meet the needs of minority and immigrant workers
To meet the needs of society as it shifted from rural to urban living
To classify skills of entry soldiers into the military
To help people find jobs (originally)
57
What type of group utilizes methods of interactive feedback within a here-and-now time framework
Group Psychotherapy
Task Group
Psychoeducational Group
Group Counseling
58
The correct order of the following scales of measurement, from least precise to most precise, is:
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio
Ordinal, Nominal, Radio, Interval
Ordinal, Nominal, Interval, Ratio
Nominal, Ratio, Interval, Ordinal
59
How is Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) different from other career theories?
influence of early gender role socialization on careers expectations
learning from interactions that take place within career environments
Focus on personal constructions related to career decision making
It views career decision-making as a process rather than an event
60
One difference between panic disorders and PTSD is
PTSD but not panic disorder has a biological vulnerability
panic disorder but not PTSD has a biological vulnerability
a panic attack alarm is false while in PTSD the initial alarm is true
in panic disorder, the alarm is true, while in PTSD, the alarm is false
61
If an instrument measures consistently but does not measure what it was designed to measure, the instrument is:
Reliable but not valid
Standardized but not reliable
Valid but not reliable
Reliable but not normative
62
Helpers self-awareness is important for CLIENT well-being for all of the follow reasons EXCEPT:
It provides a growth experience for helpers in their personal lives
being self-aware helps with decision making interventions with client
helpers' reactions provide clues on how other people respond to clients
helpers can use their inner experiences to understand the healing process
63
A white student, is surprised that her friend, a Black student, got an internship over her. This is an example of:
a microinsult
a microsystem
a microassault
a microdiscriminatory behavior
64
Behavior therapy assumes that:
Behavior is the result of unconscious forces
Behavior is the result of free choices
Behavior is determined by psychic energy
Behavior is learned
65
During the exploration stage, a helper does all the following EXCEPT:
Establish rapport with the client.
Begin to develop the therapeutic relationship.
Assist the client in determining his or her role in the issue.
Help the client to explore his or her feelings.
66
Bandura says a positive sense of self-efficacy
promotes independence from peers
promotes patient and tolerance of others
gives one energy to persist with tasks
all of the above
67
The career development theory includes genetic endowments, special abilities, environmental conditions, and events is:
Krumboltz’s
Super’s
Holland’s
Gottfredon’s
68
______ is used to summarize the data collected based on the sample in a particular study, calculating central tendency
inferential statistics
regression statistics
descriptive statistics
nonparametric statistics
69
__________ is about how we invite potential participants , __________ is about how we assign participants to groups
random assignment; random selection
external validity; internal validity
internal validity; external validity
random selection; random assignment
70
Social learning theorists retained the focus on learning, but broadened the notion of learning in two main ways
prosocial behavior and self-regulation
observation and vicarious reinforcement
social behavior and the social context of behavior
71
J. B. Watson
applied classical conditioning to child development
all of the above
provided new insights into the role of discriminative stimuli
said there are no innate emotions
72
A common sampling approach used by researchers because many of the methods are more difficult to implement is known as
simple random sampling
cluster sampling
equal size sampling
convenience sampling
73
All of the following are barriers for the LGBTQIA+ community EXCEPT:
lack of role models
isolation
physical violence
lack of interpersonal relationships
74
The main difference between sympathy and empathy is that
Sympathy equals pity, empathy is try feel what the client is experiencing
Empathy can only be achieved if the helper has had a similar experience
Clients prefer sympathy over empathy, helper cannot feel what they feel.
The helper has sympathy and the client has empathy
75
Recommendations for the multicultural counseling process include all of the following EXCEPT:
The counselor-client relationship should be a collaborative one,
The counselor should be aware of a variety of worldviews
The counselor does not need to fully understand their racial identity
Emphasize role of the family in the decision-making and counseling process
76
When a white individual is afraid to say the "wrong" thing in regard to race, this is an example of:
white identity development
a microaggression
white privilege
white fragility
77
Someone in this social class may view work as a way to reach self-fulfillment rather than pay the bills.
Upper class
Middle class
Lower class
Working class
78
What is the first level of ethical functioning where minimal ethical standards are met?
mandatory ethics
personal ethic
aspirational ethics
basic ethics
79
As consumers of research, practitioners are particularly interested in the discussion because ______.
it provides an overview of instrumentation
it provides what worked and how it may be applied
it delineates the variables used
it provides an overview of the participants
80
What is not a disadvantage of co-leadership model
failure of the two leaders to meet regularly
poor selection of a co-leader
random assignment to another leader
decreases burnout
81
Identify the correct listing of the six basic ethical principles discussed in the Hill text.
Generativity, justice, individuality, liberty, veracity, and beneficence.
Autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, fidelity, and veracity.
Individuality, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and fidelity
Justice, veracity, fidelity, consensuality, autonomy, and practicality.
82
Piaget emphasized the importance of
early schooling
independent thinking
adult teaching
biological maturation
83
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the person-centered approach?
It is supported by evidence from ongoing research
Therapist as a facilitator of growth and honored the power of the client
Emphasis is given to developing a contract for therapy
The focus is on the phenomenological world of the client
84
Reality therapy is BEST described as:
a short-term therapy that deals with conscious behavioral problems
an insight therapy
an intensive and long-term therapy
a rational therapy
85
The researchers' acknowledgement of possible limitations demonstrates ______.
honesty
understand the cautions that should be taken when interpreting results
weakness
integrity
86
Holland’s model of personality types incorporates which of the following key concepts:
Differentiation, Identity, Congruence, Career Choice
Consistency/contiguity, Socialization, Satisfaction, Critical Theory
Consistency/contiguity, Identify, Self-Knowledge, Career Choice
Congruence, Consistency/contiguity, Differentiation, Identity
87
Adler taught we must successfully master three universal life tasks. Which of the following is not one of these tasks?
Enhancing Wellness
Building Friendships
Establishing intimacy
Contributing to society
88
The Gestalt therapist:
Pays attention to the client's nonverbal language
Freely makes interpretations for the client
Helps the client understand why he/she is behaving in self-defeating ways
is mainly non-directive
89
When children pick up the rules underlying modeled behavior, Bandura calls the process
rule-induced modeling
abstract modeling
observational learning
cognitive modeling
90
Which of the following people living in the United States is most likely to develop GAD?
Tanya, a 15-year-old girl
Sam, a 50-year-old male
Billy, an 8-year-old boy
Monica, a 50-year-old woman
91
The major characteristic of the classical psychoanalytic therapist is
Openness and self-disclosure
A Deeply personal and sharing relationship
A sense of being anonymous
Specific behavior an objective appraisal of learned patterns of behavior
92
Clinician is frustrated because her client is resisting her insight interventions. What would NOT be a wise strategy.
Try to explore her client's issues again.
Disclose her feelings to her client in a caring way.
Begin to generate action plans for her client.
Check for her client's reactions to the interventions.
93
Match the client issues and behavior to the appropriate stage: Identity Conflict
Initial Stage
Transition Stage
Working Stage
Final Stage
94
A counselor who perceives reality exclusively through the filters of their own life experiences is said to be culturally
immersed
encapsulated
biased
95
An assessment strategy that emphasizes empathy and the belief in the capacity to change (self-efficacy) is called:
Motivational Interviewing
Mental Status Examination
Personality Assessment
Cognitive Assessment
96
In the ABCDE strategy for ethical decision making, what happens in the "B" step?
benefits client the relationship and important people in the client's life
The helper identifies specific breaches of confidentiality in the case
The benefits and risks are discussed directly with the client
benefits of consulting with another clinician on the case
97
Norm-referenced instruments are MOST useful for:
Determining if an individual has mastered certain material
Comparing performance to a standard
Comparing an individual’s performance with other individuals
Establishing minimum levels of competence
98
Which of the following is important to consider when working with a veteran?
exploring pre-military history
assessing for PTSD in first session
focusing on combat exposure and military experience
avoiding the topic of war injuries with physical disabled veteran
99
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
APA has not developed guidelines for psychotherapy with LGB clients.
Therapists have an ethical obligation to confront their personal prejudices
homosexuality and bisexuality are not indicative of mental illness.
ACA, APA, NASW state that sexual orientation discrimination is unethical
100
Most likely to have progressive attitudes on gender equality, hear sexual comments, pressure to be attractive/strong
White adolescents
Biracial adolescents
Asian adolescents
Black & Latino adolescents