Child Development Principles and Theories

Piaget believed learning occurs best when it comes from self-initiated activities.

The first six months are a key window of opportunity for developing ______. 

Jean Piaget developed this theory.

____ is adjusting what is already known to fit new information.

Storybooks, writing tools, paper, and discussions.

Children who are highly intrapersonal think...

Piaget believed that learning was NOT limited by stage or maturation.

Vygotsky believed that language is important and plays a key role in cognitive development.

The growth or change that occurs in children is called _____.

Caregiving that encourage loving attachments promote healthy development for a lifetime.

Development is dependent on maturation.

Learning to relate to others is called ________ development.

During the concrete operations stage, children develop the ability to _______ systematically.

Theorist whose eight stages included a social conflict or crises that must be resolved.

Changes in bone thickness/vision/hearing/muscle/size/weight are all part of ____ development.

Children who are highly verbal-linguistic think......

Development refers to a change or growth in children.

Piaget believed children's thinking develops in stages.

From birth to one year, children are called _______.

What is the zone of proximal development?

According to Erikson, during the first 18 months children learn to trust or mistrust.

Children from three to six years of age are called _________. 

Development proceeds from the center of the body outward according to the _____ principle.

Naturalistic intelligence allows people to use their vision to develop mental images. 

Children receive new info. & constantly create, modify, organize and reorganize schemata.

According to the _______ principle, development proceeds from the center of the body outward.

Piaget believed children construct their knowledge of the world through activities.

Developmental theories provide insights into how children grow and learn.

Children who are highly naturalistic think....

Development tends to proceed from the head downward according to the _______ principle.

Early care has a critical impact on how children develop, including their ability to learn.

During the preoperational stage of development, children think others see the world as they do.

The correct order of Piaget's stages of development during early childhood.

Piaget's fourth stage, formal operations, occurs between 7 and 11 years of age.

Piaget believed learning should be child-centered.

Daily interaction with nurturing adults helps young children develop a network of brain cells.

One of Vygotsky's more important contributions was the zone of proximal development.

Nature walks, gardening, and rock collections.

Logical-mathematical intelligence is the ability to use logic and reason to solve problems.

Problem solving and _____ are developed during the fourth state, formal operations.

Theorist who believed children built knowledge through exploration with hands-on activities.

Children with naturalistic intelligence process knowledge through sensation.

The brain contains billions of specialized nerve cells called synapses.

Rhythm instruments, singing, and music.

The brain affects all aspects of growth and development.

Vygotsky believed children learn through exploration with hands-on activities.

____ development involves learning to relate to others and express feelings.

Principle that development proceeds from the head downward.

Process of taking in more information and adding it to what the child already knows.

Young children with verbal-linguistic intelligence learn best by talking, reading, and writing.

Theorist believed intelligence is result of interactions b/w children's heredity & experiences.

Piaget believed objects should NOT be provided for hands-on activities.

Manipulatives for measuring, matching, and counting.

Brain development occurs most rapidly during the first three years of life.

Piaget believed that children naturally attempt to understand what they do not know.

Adjusting to what is already known to fit the new information.

Knowledge is constructed through problem solving and interaction with others.

Piaget's theory of development focuses on predictable _______ stages. 

Howard Gardner's theory has helped teachers rethink how they work with young children.

Musical intelligence involves the ability to recognize musical patterns.

The right input at the right time is critical for a child to fully develop his or her potential

Erikson: children who are provided unrealistic expectations can develop incompetent feelings.

The theories provided by Erikson, Piaget, and Vygotsky can be useful decision-making tools.

Brain development begins within a week of conception.

During the sensorimotor stage, infants use all their senses to explore and learn.

Children who are highly visual-spatial think...

Growth and maturation proceed from the head down.

Sharing of experiences, group activities, books focusing on emotions.

__________ are mental representations or concepts.

Physical development includes changes in bone thickness and weight. 

Key times for brain synapses to link easily and efficiently are called ___________.

Each child moves through development at his or her own rate.

Children's learning is more meaningful when they construct their own knowledge.

Role-plays, drama, creative movement, and hands-on activities.

The term that Vygotsky used for providing assistance was PRIVATE SPEECH.

___ development involves using the small muscles of the hands and fingers.

Children who are highly bodily-kinesthetic think through...

Piaget and Vygotsky believed that children build knowledge through experiences.

Gross-motor development involves the small muscles of the hands and fingers.

Classroom examples of emotions, areas to be alone, and self-paced projects.

Maturation refers to a sequence of biological events occurring within the child.

Theorist who contributed the zone of proximal development.

Piaget's theory explained ________ operations.

People with ______ intelligence display excellent communication and social skills.

_____ is one factor that causes harmful stress to infants.

Erikson-During the first __ months of life, children learn to trust/mistrust their environment.

Specialized nerve cells in the brain are called ______.

Children who are musical-rhythmic think though...

Growth and maturation occur from the center of the body outward.

Early stimulation sets the stage for future cognitive processes.

Which term is used to describe a child from birth to the first year.

Erikson proposed a theory of multiple intelligences.

A principle or idea that is proposed, researched, and generally accepted as an explanation.

___ believed children move forward in cognitive development with the right social interaction.

The preoperational stage takes place between birth and two years of age.

People with intrapersonal intelligence display excellent communication and social skills.

The processes used to gain knowledge are called ______ development.

Development proceeds in a predictable manner.

Children move through the growth processes at their own rates.

Children who are logical-mathematical think through...

Vygotsky's theory includes eight stages.

Puzzles, blocks, and visual aids. 

____ refers to the sequence of biological changes in children.

Gardner: intelligence is a result of complex interactions b/w children's heredity/experience.

Links or connections between neurons are called ______.

Running, skipping, jumping, and climbing fall into the category of _____ development.

What is the objective of Erikson's second stage, autonomy versus shame and doubt?

Children from age one up to three years of age are called _______.

The first stage of development is called the ___ stage and occurs b/w birth and 2 years of age.

The sequence of biological changes in children.

Spinal cord development occurs after the development in the child's outer body parts.

Cognitive development involves feelings and the expression of feelings.

Children who are highly interpersonal think...

Howard Gardner developed the theory of Multiple Intelligences.