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AP Psychology - Massive Review Quiz Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology - Massive Review Quiz
AP Psychology - Massive Review Quiz
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
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1
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
cyclical
bipolar
unipolar
dissociative
2
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
conscious experience
the brain
the unconscious
behavior
3
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the endocrine system
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
memory
4
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thyroid
pituitary
gonads
thalamus
5
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
transduction capacity
the relative threshold period
6
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
defense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
7
A valid test is one that...
is reliable
measures what it is supposed to measure
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
8
What is cognitive dissonance?
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
9
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
regression
compensation
displacement
fixation
10
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the proximodistal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
the cephalopedal trend
encephalitis
11
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a contravened stereotype
a heuristic observation
a self-serving attribution
demonstrates an illusory correlation
12
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
thyroid gland
pancreas
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
13
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
action potentials
antagonists
neurotransmitters
agonists
14
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
William James
Wilhelm Wundt
Rene Decartes
G. Stanley Hall
15
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
attachment probing
secure-avoidant
strange situation
shared inhibition
16
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
medulla
corpus callosum
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
17
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
marijuana
heroin
cocaine
mescaline
18
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
investment differentiations
display rules
social scripts
parental investments
19
Anhedonia is when a person...
experiences mild manic states
has trouble getting along with people
has two different psychological disorders
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
20
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an intelligence test
a personality test
an achievement test
an aptitude test
21
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
group differences in basic intelligence
genetic influences on IQ
changes in testing procedures
a variety of environmental factors
22
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
beta
gamma
delta
alpha
23
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
morphemes
phonemes
linguistic heuristics
syntax
24
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological instability
physiological instability
physiological stability
psychological stability
25
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
been dreaming
not really been asleep
a headache
not been dreaming
26
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
temperament
personality
attachment
27
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
insomnia
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
pseudoinsomnia
28
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
car-nose
tree-bird
fill-feed
boat-goat
29
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rat
loud noise
rabbit
fear reaction
30
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
conditioned emotional reactions
31
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
pineal gland
parietal lobe
corpus callosum
thalamus
32
The function of sensory memory is to...
put information into long-term memory
hold information for a lifetime
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
33
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
sensory memories
flashbulb memories
34
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
prejudices
attributions
stereotypes
self-serving bias
35
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
pressure
frustration
change
conflict
36
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
postconventional
conventional
concrete
preconventional
37
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
halo effect in aggression
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
basis for performing pro-social behavior
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
38
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
short-term
long-term
sensory
intermediate-term
39
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
feeling is to thinking
attitude is to action
thought is to perception
40
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
41
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
maladaptive behaviors
the conscious
irrational thoughts
the unconscious
42
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
partial retrieval
complete retrieval failure
partial storage
complete storage failure
43
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
unrealistic demands from family/friends
44
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
fugue
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
conversion disorder
45
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
positive reinforcement
superstitious behavior
classical conditioning
observational learning
46
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
intelligence
mentalism
cognition
introspection
47
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
lateral processing
48
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
post-conventional moral reasoning
formal operations
development of secondary sex characteristics
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
49
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
observational learning
operant conditioning
punishment
classical conditioning
50
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
vitreous humor
iris
cornea
lens
51
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
leftbrain/right brain communication
reticular formation
endocrine system
limbic system
52
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a sedative
a narcotic
a hallucinogen
an amphetamine
53
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
construct
criterion-related
content
absolute
54
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; standardized
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; personality
personality; standardized
55
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
absolute threshold
subliminal threshold
sensory memory
just noticeable difference
56
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
reinforcement
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
57
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
cross-sectional
sequential
longitundinal
time of testing
58
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
fear the dark
tie shoe laces
print letters
sing a song
59
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
functionalism
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
behaviorism
60
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
chunk
schema
script
61
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
individualism
functionalism
attributionism
collectivism
62
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in extraversion
low in openness
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
63
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
64
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
standard deviation
percentiles
correlation coefficients
means
65
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
hallucinations
resistance to pain
reduction of inhibitions
total loss of personal control
66
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a self-report inventory
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
a projective test
67
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a situational attribution
an external attribution
a distinctive attribution
an internal attribution
68
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mean
median
mode
midpoint
69
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
exposure to light
cultural practices
amount of time alseep
amount of time awake
70
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
endorphin
71
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
independently of autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
72
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender stereotypes
gender differences
gender roles
gender behaviors
73
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become fearful/cautious
become aggressive
remain in continuous wakefulness
remain in continuous sleep
74
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
perception
attention
processing
sensation
75
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
content validity
standardized validity
76
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the law of cognitive dissonance
display rules
the principle of collectivism
the reciprocity norm
77
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
creativity
intelligence
reasoning
insight
78
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
physiological recordings
psychological tests
direct observation
questionnaires
79
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
psychotherapy
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
avoidance therapy
80
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
abstract operations
physical interaction
systematic hypothesis testing
logical reasoning
81
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
repression
neurogenic amnesia
suppression
avoidance
82
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
cognitive
psychoanalytic
humanistic
behavioral
83
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
84
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
schizophrenic
mood
anxiety
personality
85
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
censoring dissent from group members
86
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a compulsion
an obsession
a delusion
a phobia
87
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
fluid
episodic
procedural
crystallized
88
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
oval window
stirrup
cochlea
temporal lobe
89
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
an unconditioned response
avoidance learning
escape learning
positive reinforcement
90
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a percentile score
a potential score
IQ
mental age
91
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
musical
logical-mathemathical
spatial
mechanical
92
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
predictability
consistency
representativeness
accuracy of inference
93
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
oral
genital
anal
latency
94
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
95
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
latent learning
insight learning
96
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-walking
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-talking
97
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
efferent nerves
afferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
autonomic nerves
98
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the correlational group
the control group
the observational group
the experimental group
99
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
the internal state causes the facial expression
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
100
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
aggressiveness
manipulative behavior
excessive guilt
social charm
101
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
representativeness heuristic
conjunction heuristic
availability heuristic
law of small numbers
102
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
103
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
reversibility
centration
conservation
egocentrism
104
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
cerebellum
limbic system
reticular formation
brainstem
105
The superego is Freud's term for...
the moral component of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the conscious aspect of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
106
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
seeing a flash of light
smelling an odor
moving a part of his body
hearing a sound
107
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
observational learning
state-dependent learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
108
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
stereotaxic inversion
tumor ligation
lesioning
ESB
109
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
occipital cortex
hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex
medulla
110
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
111
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test norms
test levels
test scales
test scores
112
Framing refers to...
presenting irrelevant information
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
113
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
schizophrenia
anxiety disorders
bipolar disorder
marital problems
114
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
alcohol
narcotics
cannabis
sedatives
115
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
smell buds
olfactory cilia
sciatic receptors
gustatory bulbs
116
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
opiates
prenatals
pathogens
teratogens
117
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 1
REM
stage 2
stage 4
118
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Sperry's area
Cannon's area
119
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
relearning
recognition
reiteration
recall
120
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
loudness
pitch
timbre
decibels
121
An antagonist...
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
extends the absolute refractory period
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
122
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
computerized tomography
positron emission tomography
electrographic tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
123
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
activation-synthesis theory
problem-solving theory
wish fulfillment theory
None of the Above
124
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
similiarity
closure
symmetry
constancy
125
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
overextension
fast-mapping
metalinguistic awareness
semantic slanting
126
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
attention encoding
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
127
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
extinction
spontaneous remission
unconditioning
conditioned forgetting
128
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a clinical psychologist
a social psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a forensic psychologist
129
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
consciousness
hypnosis
sensation
perception
130
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
he's just like his father
131
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
thalamus
cortex
spinal cord
location of injury
132
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
light
salivation
food/meat powder
133
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
I eated a cookie
cookie
i wanted a cookie
give cookie
134
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use a holistic decision model
are using the representativeness heuristic
are using the availability heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
135
A perceptual set implies that...
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
136
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
evolutionary theory
drive theory
instinct theory
137
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
138
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
subliminal perception
a false alarm
a just noticeable difference
a superimposed stimulus
139
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
mnemonic
phonemic
platonic
morphemic
140
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
obsessions
illusions
hallucinations
delusions
141
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
brightness
light purity
saturation
color
142
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
shaping
step-wise conditioning
selection
stimulus discrimination
143
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-interval schedule
144
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were put into a simulated prison
145
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
modeled
encoded
ablated
retrieved
146
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
fear
happiness
surprise
sadness
147
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
poor police protection
job discrimination experienced by the residents
crowded living conditions
the personal qualities of the residents
148
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
groupthink
obedience
cognitive dissonance
conformity
149
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
conformity
social loafing
deindividuation
group polarization
150
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cognitive structuring
stereotypes
schematizing
cultural direction
