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Review of Astronomy
Review of Astronomy
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Review of Unit 8 in Earth/Space Science
Flashcards
52 cards
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Questions
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1
The hottest layer of the sun's atmosphere is the
photosphere.
chromosphere.
corona.
2
Kepler's first law states that planets orbit the sun in paths called
periods.
circles.
epicycles.
ellipses.
3
Which of the following statements about the inner planets is
not
true?
They are called gas giants.
They have a rocky composition.
They have no rings.
They have impact craters.
4
Leap Year was established because
each complete revolution of Earth takes 365-1/4 days.
August and December are longer months.
the number of full moons in a year is not a whole number.
February is shorter than the other months.
5
The two inner planets that are most alike in size, mass, and density are
Earth and Mars.
Mars and Mercury.
Venus and Earth.
Mercury and Venus.
6
An astronomical unit (AU) equals
the average distance between Earth and the sun.
a light-year.
the distance from one end of the Milky Way to the other.
one million miles.
7
Venus's atmosphere is rich in
nitrogen.
hydrogen.
carbon dioxide.
oxygen.
8
A group of stars organized in a pattern, and the region of space around them, is a
quasar.
constellation.
pulsar.
galaxy.
9
What is the region of the solar system just beyond the orbit of Neptune?
the Kuiper Belt
the outer galaxy
the Oort Cloud
the asteroid belt
10
Which planet is the largest?
Uranus
Jupiter
Neptune
Saturn
11
Why do sunspots appear dark?
They are holes in the interior of the sun.
They are cooler than their surroundings.
They are hotter than their surroundings.
They do not have strong magnetic fields.
12
Which choice shows the correct order from smallest to largest?
planet, solar system, galaxy, universe
galaxy, solar system, universe, planet
solar system, galaxy, planet, universe
universe, galaxy, solar system, planet
13
Colors of stars, from hottest to coolest, are
red, yellow, orange, white, and blue.
yellow, orange, red, blue, and white.
orange, red, white, blue, and yellow.
blue, white, yellow, orange, and red.
14
Sudden outward eruptions of electrically charged particles from the sun are called
coronas.
prominences.
sunspots.
solar flares.
15
Northern lights
and
southern lights
are other names for
auroras.
solar flares.
coronal mass ejections.
prominences.
16
Stars appear to move in circular paths through the sky because
the stars orbit Polaris.
the Milky Way is a spiral galaxy.
Earth orbits the sun.
Earth rotates on its axis.
17
Days are caused by Earth's
perihelion.
aphelion.
revolution.
rotation.
18
The layer of crushed rock and dust on the moon's surface is called
regolith.
a mare.
a crater.
a highland.
19
The sun converts matter into energy in the
core.
radiative zone.
corona.
convective zone.
20
When less than half of the moon's near side is illuminated, it is in a ____ phase.
crescent
gibbous
21
A nuclear reaction in which atomic nuclei combine is called
compaction.
fusion.
magnetism.
fission.
22
The main asteroid belt exists in a region between the orbits of
Earth and Mars.
Mercury and Venus.
Venus and Earth.
Mars and Jupiter.
23
The planets remain in stable orbits around the sun as a result of a balance between
gravity and pressure from nuclear fusion.
inertia and pressure from nuclear fusion.
gravity and inertia.
thermal energy and electromagnetic energy.
24
Who first proposed a heliocentric model of the solar system?
Copernicus
Galileo
Kepler
Newton
25
From innermost to outermost, the sun's interior is made up of the
core, convective zone, and radiative zone.
core, radiative zone, and convective zone.
core, corona, and photosphere.
convective zone, radiative zone, and core.
26
According to many astronomers, stars form from
planets.
nebulas.
white dwarfs.
pulsars.
27
Which planet is similar to Uranus in size and mass?
Jupiter
Pluto
Saturn
Neptune
28
Telescopes have been sent to space because ground-based telescopes
experience interference from Earth's atmosphere.
cannot detect invisible electromagnetic radiation.
do not work in dry air.
cannot investigate stars.
29
Which statement about the moon is
false
?
The moon's orbit is slightly elliptical.
Observers on Earth always see the same side of the moon.
A lunar day is 29.5 Earth days long.
The moon has an atmosphere.
30
Each of Earth's standard time zones covers about
100.
360.
240.
150.
31
About how long does it take the moon to make one orbit around Earth?
26 days
29.5 days
27.3 days
31 days
32
What is a
light-year
?
the speed of light in a year
the distance light travels in a year
the distance to the sun
the time it takes to travel to a star
33
Earth's seasons are caused by
Earth's distance from the sun.
the tilt of Earth's axis.
the sun's temperature.
the calendar.
34
Most stars are
giants.
supergiants.
white dwarfs.
main-sequence stars.
35
Which planet has seasons like Earth's because its axis tilts at an almost identical angle?
Uranus
Mercury
Venus
Mars
36
What elements make up most of the sun's mass?
hydrogen and helium
silicon and oxygen
carbon and nitrogen
hydrogen and oxygen
37
Which planet has an axis of rotation that is almost parallel to the plane of its orbit?
Uranus
Neptune
Jupiter
Venus
38
What occurs when the moon is directly between Earth and the sun?
a solar eclipse
a lunar eclipse
39
The two characteristics used to plot stars on an H-R diagram are
color and luminosity.
luminosity and temperature.
luminosity and mass.
color and size.
40
The most abundant element in most stars is
hydrogen.
nitrogen.
helium.
argon.
41
The event that many astronomers believe began the universe was
the Milky Way galaxy.
the electromagnetic spectrum.
the big bang.
a black hole.
42
Which planet is the third planet from the sun?
Jupiter
Mars
Venus
Earth
43
Which two key properties determine all other properties of stars?
diameter and composition
composition and mass
radius and diameter
mass and radius
44
Which space object exhibits a tail as it passes close to the sun?
meteoroid
asteroid
comet
planet
45
Between the new moon and the full moon, we refer to the moon as
waning.
waxing.
46
How long is the average sunspot cycle?
11 years
27 days
365 days
21 years
47
Which of the following marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere?
the vernal equinox
the winter solstice
the autumnal equinox
the summer solstice
48
A rocky object that does not burn up completely in Earth's atmosphere and strikes the Earth is
a meteorite.
a meteor.
a meteoroid.
49
The Milky Way galaxy is a(n)
spiral galaxy
irregular galaxy.
elliptical galaxy.
50
Which planet has the most complex ring system?
Uranus
Saturn
Neptune
Jupiter
51
A constellation's changing position in the sky is evidence that
Earth rotates on its axis.
Earth's axis is tilted.
Earth is round.
Earth revolves around the sun.
52
A star moving away from Earth has a spectrum that is
shifted toward red.
losing its color.
unchanged.
shifted toward blue.
