Which task would most likely require conscious processing?

learning to play a new instrument

The activation-synthesis theory states that dreams are:

The brain's way of making sense of random neural activity

The humanistic perspective emphasizes which of the following concepts?

Free will, self-actualization, and personal growth

A person with damage to Wernicke’s area may experience:

difficulty understanding language but fluent speech

Glial cells play an essential role in...

supporting and protecting neurons

Which of the following is NOT an example of executive functioning?

reflexively pulling your hand away from a fire

Which of the following is a key characteristic of REM behavior disorder?

acting out dreams due to a lack of muscle paralysis

The cognitive perspective primarily focuses on

Mental processes like thinking, memory, and problem-solving

Which is an example of pseudoscience?

A claim that astrology influences personality

The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating...

hunger, thirst and body temperature

Which of the following is an effect of excessive blue light exposure before bedtime?

delayed sleep onset and reduced sleep quality

Which of the following real-world situations activates the sympathetic nervous system?

giving a speech in front of the class

Why do experimental studies establish causation while correlational studies do not?

experiments control irrelevant variables and manipulates the IV

Which is a limitation of statistical significance

It does not measure practical significance

Why is meta-analysis important in psychology?

it helps to identify patterns across different studis

Night terrors differ from nightmares in that they

occur during deep NREM sleep and involve intense panic

The primary function of circadian rhythms is..

to regulate sleep-wake cycles and other biological processes

Which is the best definition of psychology?

The study of human behavior and mental processes using scientific methods

What is the key difference between experimental and correlational research?

Experimental manipulates variables, correlational measures relationships

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PSY113 MIDTERM REVIEW

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Questions 110

Answers

1
Which task would most likely require conscious processing?
recognizing your parents face
learning to play a new instrument
typing your name on the keyboard
reading a simple word in your native language
2
____ is responsible for regulating sleep and is suppressed by blue light exposure.
cortisol
melatonin
dopamine
serotonin
3
The activation-synthesis theory states that dreams are:
The brain's way of making sense of random neural activity
Reflections of real-life experiences
Unconscious desires coming to the surface
Important for survival
4
The humanistic perspective emphasizes which of the following concepts?
The role of unconscious desires in shaping behaviors
How childhood trauma influences mental health disorders
The influence of genetics on personality
Free will, self-actualization, and personal growth
5
Statistical significance means a result is always practically meaningful
False
True
6
A person with damage to Wernicke’s area may experience:
difficulty producing speech but intact comprehension
impaired coordination
difficulty understanding language but fluent speech
complete loss of speech
7
The developmental perspective studies how individuals change over time, from infancy to adulthood.
False
True
8
Which brain structure connects the left and right hemispheres?
corpus callosum
basal ganglia
hippocampus
thalamus
9
The parietal lobe is responsible for processing touch and spatial awareness.
False
True
10
Glial cells play an essential role in...
generating electrical impulses
supporting and protecting neurons
storing long term memories
producing neurotransmitters
11
Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus and is responsible for processing information?
synapse
dendrite
axon
cell body
12
Which of the following is NOT a recommended sleep hygiene practice?
exercising right before bed
avoiding naps longer than 20-30 minutes
following a relaxing bedtime routine
keeping a cool, dark, and quiet sleep envionrment
13
Which of the following is NOT an example of executive functioning?
reflexively pulling your hand away from a fire
controlling impulses
adjusting strategies based on new information
planning and organizing tasks
14
The primary function of the sympathetic nervous system is regulating blood sugar levels
True
False
15
Which of the following is a key characteristic of REM behavior disorder?
walking or talking while asleep
acting out dreams due to a lack of muscle paralysis
difficulty falling or staying asleep
sudden sleep attacks during the day
16
The cognitive perspective primarily focuses on
The role of genetics in behavior
Unconscious conflicts
Mental processes like thinking, memory, and problem-solving
How social environments shape behavior
17
Which is an example of pseudoscience?
A controlled experiment on memory retention
A meta-analysis of sleep studies
A study using brain imaging to examine cognitive processes
A claim that astrology influences personality
18
The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating...
vision and hearing
hunger, thirst and body temperature
breathing and heart rate
coordination and balance
19
The main function of the occipital lobe is...
processing visual information
regulating emotions
processing touch
controlling movements
20
During a stressful event, the parasympathetic nervous system takes control to increase energy and alertness.
True
False
21
Which perspective would most likely study how peer pressure influences decision-making?
Social
Psychoanyalytic
Evolutionary
Biological
22
Which of the following is an effect of excessive blue light exposure before bedtime?
delayed sleep onset and reduced sleep quality
increased melatonin production
increased REM sleep duration
faster transition into deep sleep
23
The cerebellum is primarily responsible for:
balance and coordination
memory formation
emotional regulation
sensory processing
24
Individuals with executive dysfunction may struggle with impulse control and organization
True
False
25
The social perspective examines how cultural and social environments shape human behavior.
False
True
26
Which of the following real-world situations activates the sympathetic nervous system?
eating a big meal
meditating before bed
giving a speech in front of the class
taking deep breaths
27
Why do experimental studies establish causation while correlational studies do not?
experimental research only focuses on naturally occurring behaviors
experiments use surveys and case studies
experiments control irrelevant variables and manipulates the IV
correlation coefficients can prove cause an effect
28
Which is a limitation of statistical significance
It only applies to experiements
It guarantees real-world importance
It always proves causation
It does not measure practical significance
29
Why is meta-analysis important in psychology?
it replaces the need for new experiements
it ensures every study reaches statistical signifcance
it focuses on only qualitative data
it helps to identify patterns across different studis
30
What does the "E" stand for in the WEIRD acronym?
educated
experiential
experimental
eastern
31
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with pleasure, reward, and motivation?
acetylcholine
dopamine
GABA
serotonin
32
Acetylcholine is crucial for learning, memory, and muscle contractions
False
True
33
Night terrors differ from nightmares in that they
occur during deep NREM sleep and involve intense panic
occur during REM sleep
are caused by sleep apnea
are usually remembered upon waking
34
A psychologist studying how people change from infancy to old age is most likely using which perspective?
Psychoanalytic
Behavioral
Cognitive
Developmental
35
The ____ effect refers to the tendency to only seek out information that confirms preexisting beliefs.
psychological
WEIRD
conformation bias
conscious bias
36
During a typical night, people spend the majority of their sleep in REM sleep
True
False
37
The primary function of circadian rhythms is..
to regulate sleep-wake cycles and other biological processes
to control digestion and metabolism
to control digestion and metabolism
to enhance cognitive performance
38
The temporal lobe is primarily involved in auditory processing and language comprehension
True
False
39
Which psychological perspective focuses on unconscious drives and early childhood experiences?
Behavioral
Humanistic
Cognitive
Psychoanalytical
40
The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the ____
regulating blood sugar levels
promoting relaxation
fight-or-flight response
lowering heart rate
41
Which perspective examines how the brain, neurotransmitters, and genetics influence behavior?
Social
Psychoanalytic
Humanistic
Biological/Neuroscience
42
Which of the following is an effect of drugs that increase dopamine levels?
enhanced feelings of pleasure
improved digestion
suppressed fight or flight response
decreased heart rate
43
Norepinephrine is only involved in stress responses and has no effect on attention or arousal.
False
True
44
Which is the best definition of psychology?
The study of how to read minds
The study of the mind and supernatural experiences
The study of human behavior and mental processes using scientific methods
The study of the brain's physical structure
45
The cognitive perspective emphasizes mental processes like memory, perception, and decision-making.
False
True
46
Meta-analysis helps reduce the impact of individual study biases
True
False
47
The frontol lobe is most associated with executive functioning?
True
False
48
Which neurotransmitter is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?
glutamate
GABA
dopamine
acetylcholine
49
The biological/neuroscience perspective ignores brain structures and focuses only on thoughts and emotions.
True
False
50
What is the key difference between experimental and correlational research?
Correlational research determines causation
Correlational can determine causation, while experiential cannot
Experimental manipulates variables, correlational measures relationships
Correlational research uses random assignment
51
Which sleep disorder is characterized by the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep?
REM behavior disorder
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
night terrors
52
What does statistical significance indicate?
A result is unlikely due to chance
The study has a large sample size
The study is free from biases
A result is practically important
53
Why is the WEIRD acronym signifcant in psychological research?
It refers to a commonly used phenomenon in psychology
It explains how intelligence is measured across cultures
It highlights the overrepresentation of certain populations in research
It describes an abnormal mental disorder
54
____ signaling occurs within a neuron, while ___ signaling happens between neurons
electrical; chemical
mechanical; electrical
electrical; mechanical
chemical; electrical
55
Which is an example of a negative correlation?
As sleep decreases, stress levels increase
As temperature rises, ice cream sales increase
As study time increases, exam scores increase
As alcohol consumption increases, reaction time slows down
56
Research participants from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic backgrounds.
WEIRD samples
empirical research
psychological science
57
Pseudoscience refers to claims and practices that are presented as scientific but lack the evidence to support them
False
True
58
Psychoanalytic perspective suggests that behavior is driven mostly by conscious thoughts and rational decision-making.
False
True
59
Executive functioning helps regulate emotions, attention, and problem-solving
False
True
60
What does a correlation coefficient indicate?
The effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable
The cause of particular behavior
The total number of participants in a study
The strength and direction of the relationship between two variables
61
____helps ensure that differences between experimental and control groups are due to chance rather than systematic bias
coefficents
placebo effect
random assignment
62
Psychological science relies on __ evidence, which means observations and measurements that can be tested and replicated
ethical
research
conformation bias
empirical
63
Low amplitude and high frequency are characteristics of EEG waves during REM sleep.
False
True
64
Which of the following is considered an effective long-term learning strategy?
spaced repetition and retrieval practice
rereading notes multiple times without testing yourself
studying with friends the day of the exam
cramming the night before an exam
65
Naturalistic observation involves studying behavior in a controlled laboratory setting
False
True
66
Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for reasoning, decision-making, and voluntary movement?
frontal lobe
temporal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
67
Why is cramming considering a poor study strategy?
It helps improve memory recall over extended periods
It allows for deeper understanding of complex topics
It is more effective than spaced repetition
It causes information overload and does not promote long term retention
68
The basal ganglia play a crucial role in movement and motor control
True
False
69
The sympathetic nervous system can cause the release of adrenaline to help the body respond to danger
False
True
70
Which is considered an effective strategy for improving sleep quality
using electronics right before bed
consuming caffeine right before bed
keeping a consistent sleep schedule
sleeping with the lights on
71
Which is an example of automatic (unconscious) processing?
solving a complex math problem
learning a new word in a new language
giving a speech for a presentation
driving a car
72
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes is called
neuroscience
WEIRD acronym
pseudoscience
psychology
73
What is the primary benefit of retrieval practice?
it strengthens memory by forcing the brain to recall information
it works best only when done right before a test
it eliminates the need for reviewing material again
it helps reduce the amount of time needed for studying
74
GABA is responsible for
increased alertness
Inhibiting neural activity to promote relaxation and reduce anxiety
enhancing memory consolidation
stimulating muscle contractions
75
Which is a characteristic of controlled (conscious) processing?
happens automatically without awareness
it is not influenced by external stimuli
requires little to no effort
requires attention and effort
76
Which psychological perspective is most concerned with how humans adapt and survive across generations?
Social
Developmental
Clinical
Evolutionary
77
A larger sample size increases the likelihood of statistical significance
True
False
78
According to the activation-synthesis model, dreams have a deep, symbolic meaning that reflects a person’s true self.
True
False
79
Neurotransmission involves which two types of signaling?
mechanical and chemical
magnetic and electrical
electrical and mechanical
electrical and chemical
80
The cerebellum is part of the limbic system and regulates emotions
True
False
81
Low levels of serotonin are most commonly linked to
enhanced memory retention
anxiety and depression
increased muscle movement
increased aggression
82
With enough practice, some conscious tasks can become automatic over time.
True
False
83
Which is NOT an effective study habit?
highlighting entire paragraphs without taking notes
testing yourself on key concepts
asking why something is true
84
Which perspective integrates biological, psychological, and social factors to explain behavior?
Clincal
Developmental
Psychoanalytical
Biopsychosocial
85
Establishing a consistent bedtime routine can help signal to the brain that it is time to sleep
True
False
86
The purpose of a meta-analysis is...
to combine results from multiple studies to identify overall trends
to eliminate all biases in psychological research
to test only experimental research
to analyze a single study in-depth
87
Which perspective focuses on diagnosing and treating mental health disorder?
Behavioral
Evolutionary
Clinical
Social
88
Broca's area is primarily responsible for...
Speech comprehension
Memory consolidation
Visual processing
Speech production
89
Automatic processing requires a significant amount of attention and effort.
False
True
90
How does unconscious processing influence decision-making?
it requires deep concentration and reasoning
it leads to well-thought and rational choices
it relies on past experiences to make quick judgments
it plays no role in decision making
91
The amygdala plays a key role in...
emotion processing, especially fear and aggression
regulating hunger
fine motor control
coordinating voluntary movements
92
Antidepressants like SSRIs do not increase serotonin activity in the brain.
False
True
93
Which brain structure is crucial for forming new memories?
thalamus
amygdala
hippocampus
basal ganglia
94
According to Freud’s theory of dreaming, dreams serve to:
maintain brain plasticity
provide random neural stimulation with no meaning
reveal hidden unconscious desires and conflicts
help process and consolidate memories
95
Which perspective emphasizes observable behaviors and how they are learned through reinforcement or punishment?
Cognitive
Evolutionary
Behavioral
Biological
96
Which theory suggests that dreams help the brain process and consolidate memories?
Freud's psychoanalytic theory
threat-stimulation theory
activation-synthesis theory
information-processing theory
97
Psychological science relies on empirical evidence, while pseudoscience is based on anecdotal claims.
False
True
98
Circadian rhythms are influenced by external cues such as light and temperature.
False
True
99
The behavioral perspective believes that internal thoughts and emotions play the biggest role in shaping behavior.
True
False
100
Which part of the neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons?
axon
cell body
dendrites
myelin sheath
101
Which structure acts as the brain's relay station, sending sensory information to the appropriate areas?
thalamus
corpus callosum
cerebellum
amydala
102
The cognitive theory of dreaming proposes that dreams:
are reflections of cognitive development and problem solving processes
are primarily influenced by childhood experiences
serve to predict the future
are meaningless byproducts of brain activity
103
The humanistic perspective believes that humans have no control over their personal growth and development.
False
True
104
Which is an example of descriptive research?
Measuring the relationship between stress and academic performance
Assigning participants to different diet plans to test weight loss outcomes
Manipulating independent variables in a controlled setting
Conducting a survey on high school students sleep habits
105
How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems interact?
They work together to increase alertness
They function at the same time, always
The sympathetic system activates, parasympathetic system calms the body
Only one system operates at a time, while the other shuts down
106
Which of the following best describes executive function?
Cognitive skills that control behavior, problem solving, decision making
The ability to process sensory information
The part of the brain responsible for language production
A reflexive system for automatic responses
107
Which sleep disorder involves sudden/ uncontrollable episodes of sleep during the day?
insomnia
REM behavior disorder
night terrors
narcolepsy
108
On average, a complete sleep cycle lasts
120 minutes
60 minutes
90 minutes
30 minutes
109
The primary function of the axon is to transmit electrical signals to other neurons
True
False
110
____occurs when a participant's expectations influence their behavior rather than the experimental treatment itself
independent variables
placebo effect
bias

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