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Topic 3 Review 3.1 - 3.3 Flashcards | StudBud
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Topic 3 Review 3.1 - 3.3
Topic 3 Review 3.1 - 3.3
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1
What was the encomienda system?
A method of converting American Indians to Catholicism
A system of trade between Spain and the Americas
A grant giving colonists the right to demand labor/tribute from natives
A way of organizing Spanish cities in the New World
2
What did the Spanish do to many indigenous religious sites?
Used them as government buildings
Preserved them as historical monuments
Destroyed them
Converted them into Catholic churches
3
What conclusion can you draw about the Aztec king's authority after 1428?
He became the supreme military commander
He had limited control over his own city
He needed permission from others to make decisions
He shared war decisions with other kings
4
In what language was the poem lamenting the fall of the Aztecs written?
Maya
Spanish
Latin
Nahuatl
5
Which structure was the largest in the Aztec capital's central plaza?
The aqueduct
The royal palace
The Templo Mayor
The market
6
What was the name of the Aztec capital city?
Cusco
Mexico City
Tenochtitlán
Panama City
7
How did the Maya primarily sustain their economy?
Through hunting and gathering
By farming and producing food
By controlling trade routes only
By relying on imports from other civilizations
8
How might conquered city-states have viewed the Triple Alliance?
As powerful rulers who demanded resources
As weak leaders who couldn't enforce rules
As temporary rulers who would soon leave
As helpful allies who protected them
9
If the Olmec civilization not developed slash-and-burn agriculture, what might have been a likely consequence
The Olmec population would have remained stable.
The Olmec population would have migrated to other areas.
The Olmec population would have grown even faster.
The Olmec population would have declined due to limited food resources.
10
What type of transportation system did the Aztec use in their capital city?
Elevators
Roads and bridges
Subways
Canals and causeways
11
What can we conclude about Aztec engineering skills based on their construction of causeways?
They lacked advanced building techniques
They relied entirely on other civilizations' technology
They were capable of complex architectural projects
They could only build simple structures
12
What environmental problem did the Aztecs solve by building a dike across Lake Texcoco?
They improved transportation routes
They prevented flooding during rainy seasons
They separated salt water from fresh water
They created more land for farming
13
How did the Aztec belief system MOST LIKELY affect their military strategy?
They never took prisoners
They focused on capturing prisoners rather than killing enemies
They only fought defensive wars
They avoided warfare whenever possible
14
Which group occupied the lowest ranks in the social structure of New Spain?
American Indians and people of African descent
Creoles
Peninsulares
Mestizos
15
What can we conclude about Aztec society based on their building of pyramids and palaces?
They copied all designs from other cultures
They had a complex social structure and skilled craftsmen
They only focused on military buildings
They built simple structures for basic needs
16
Who was Malinche?
A Caribbean explorer
An Aztec emperor
An Indian interpreter
A Spanish conquistador
17
Which factor MOST influenced an Aztec person's daily life?
Their religious beliefs
Their social class at birth
Their trading success
Their personal choices
18
Which statement BEST explains why religion and warfare were connected in Aztec society?
The Aztecs captured prisoners primarily to make them slaves
War captives were needed as sacrifices to keep the sun god strong
Battles were fought only during religious festivals
Nobles required prisoners to work in their households
19
What can we INFER about Aztec society's views on slavery based on their laws?
They prohibited all forms of slavery
They viewed it as relatively humane compared to other ancient societies
They only enslaved nobility
They saw slavery as a permanent condition
20
Why did the Maya build their temples on top of pyramids?
To protect them from invaders
To be closer to the gods in heaven
To create more space for worshippers
To serve as lookout points for the city
21
What modern-day city was built on the site of the Aztec capital?
Bogotá
Lima
Madrid
Mexico City
22
Which statement best describes Maya artistic achievements?
Their art was only functional, not aesthetic
They created no significant artistic works
Their art was limited to simple pottery
They produced murals, jewelry, & crafted objects from jade & pearls
23
How did the Aztec primarily preserve and pass down their history and legends?
Through cave paintings
Through music
Through oral traditions
Through written books
24
After establishing Panama, in which direction did Spanish settlers spread?
Westward
Northward
Southward
Eastward
25
What does the growth of Tenochtitlán's population suggest about Aztec society?
They had few technological advances
They forced people to live in the city
They had effective systems for feeding and organizing people
They were unable to manage large populations
26
What can you conclude about the Olmec people's understanding of their environment based on their farming practices?
They believed that burning the land would make it permanently fertile.
They understood that the rainforest soil needed time to recover.
They did not understand the importance of soil fertility.
They were not concerned about the impact of their farming methods.
27
What was the MAIN purpose of collecting tribute from conquered city-states?
To demonstrate power and gain wealth
To keep track of population numbers
To share resources equally with everyone
To help poor cities develop
28
Regarding their architectural techniques, the Maya:
Manually moved large stone blocks without advanced transportation
Always used metal tools
Built only small, temporary structures
Used wheels to transport building materials
29
What was a major factor in the development of Maya cities between 250 and 800 CE?
The invention of the wheel
Advances in science and art
The arrival of the Spanish
The decline of the Olmec civilization
30
Where was Christopher Columbus trying to reach when he landed in the Bahamas?
The Americas
Japan
India
China
31
What can you infer about Olmec's understanding of the rainforest ecosystem based on slash-and-burn agriculture?
They believed that burning the land would make it permanently fertile.
They understood that the rainforest soil needed time to recover.
They didn't care about the long-term effects of their farming methods.
They didn't understand the importance of soil health.
32
How did the Aztecs' management of water resources demonstrate their technological advancement?
They only used natural water sources
They avoided dealing with water management
They created sophisticated systems for water control
They abandoned areas with water problems
33
What agricultural technique did the Maya use in their heavily forested lowlands?
Terracing
Crop rotation
Hydroponics
Slash-and-burn agriculture
34
How did Aztec kings sometimes contribute to their culture's oral tradition?
By painting murals
By writing history books
By composing poetry
By carving sculptures
35
How did the combination of volcanic soil and mountain water benefit the Aztecs?
It provided ideal conditions for agriculture
It created natural barriers against enemies
It made building structures easier
It prevented other civilizations from settling nearby
36
What does the practice of allowing slaves to buy their freedom suggest about Aztec society?
They offered some paths for improving one's situation
They provided no opportunities for social mobility
They wanted everyone to become slaves
They gave slaves more rights than commoners
37
How did the Maya view human sacrifice in relation to their beliefs?
As a way to punish criminals
As a necessary ritual to please the gods
As a form of entertainment
As an outdated practice that should be stopped
38
What can we infer about Aztec military strategy based on their empire's expansion?
They only conquered nearby territories
They were unsuccessful at maintaining control
They were highly organized and effective
They avoided military conflicts
39
What was one of the major innovations of the Olmec civilization?
They created a calendar system.
They developed a system of writing.
They built cities
They built pyramids and temples.
40
How might an Aztec noble's daily life DIFFER from a commoner's?
Nobles were not allowed to own property
Nobles had fewer religious obligations
Nobles had to farm their own food
Nobles had access to luxury goods and servants
41
What happened to the Maya civilization after the arrival of the Spanish in the early 1500s?
All Maya cities were destroyed
The Maya became part of the Spanish government
The Maya completely disappeared
The Maya peoples and languages continued to survive
42
How did the chinampas demonstrate the Aztecs' ability to innovate?
They provided housing for the growing population
They created additional farmland where none existed naturally
They helped establish trade routes
They protected the city from invaders
43
Which statement BEST explains why the Triple Alliance was significant?
It only existed to collect taxes from people
It was simply a friendship between three kings
It allowed three kingdoms to share power and resources strategically
It was formed to build new cities
44
How might a commoner's life CHANGE if they sold themselves into slavery?
They would automatically become nobles
They would lose all rights permanently
Their children would also become slaves
They could potentially buy their freedom later
45
Which conclusion can be drawn about the role of women in Aztec society?
Women had exactly the same roles as men
Women could only be nobles
Women were the main traders in society
Women were primarily focused on domestic duties
46
How did religion MOST influence Aztec society?
It had very little impact on common people
It only mattered during festivals
It shaped military, political, and daily life decisions
It only affected nobles' lives
47
What does the practice of religious sacrifice reveal about Aztec cultural values?
They didn't value religion very much
They only performed sacrifices for entertainment
They believed maintaining cosmic order was worth great sacrifice
They valued individual life above all else
48
What can we infer was a major reason for Spanish conquistadors to go to war with native peoples in Middle America?
To establish trade relations
To learn about native cultures
To promote peaceful coexistence
To gain territory and resources
49
What city was built on the ruins of Tenochtitlán?
Panama City
Madrid
Mexico City
Havana
50
What was the main purpose of the large, walled plaza in the Aztec capital?
For sporting events
For religious ceremonies
For military training
For marketplaces
51
What did Aztec artisans use to make colorful fans, headdresses, and capes?
Dyed cotton
Woven grass
Painted leather
Tropical bird feathers
52
Who were the creoles?
People of mixed American Indian and European descent
Indigenous American Indian leaders
American-born descendants of Spanish settlers
Enslaved people of African descent
53
Which statement best explains the relationship between Maya kings and warfare?
Kings avoided warfare to maintain peace
Warfare was solely conducted by commoners
Kings focused only on religious rituals, not warfare
Kings used warfare to gain power and control trade routes
54
What farming method did the Olmec use to adapt to the rainforest environment?
They used terracing to create flat areas for farming.
They used irrigation systems to water their crops.
They used advanced tools like plows to till the soil.
They used slash-and-burn agriculture to clear land and enrich the soil.
55
Maya mathematical achievements included:
Mathematical systems similar to modern European methods
An advanced system that included zero
Rudimentary calculation methods
A basic counting system
56
What does the construction of Tenochtitlán reveal about Aztec knowledge of:
They possessed advanced engineering and planning skills
They copied other cities' designs
They had limited understanding of urban planning
They could only build small settlements
57
What were Spanish explorers who conquered territory called?
Colonizers
Adventurers
Missionaries
Conquistadors
58
Which of these was NOT mentioned as an Aztec artistic achievement?
Stone sculptures
Feather crafts
Jewelry making
Pottery
59
Which group of people were highly respected in Aztec society for their verbal skills?
Merchants
Warriors
Priests
Poets
60
What conclusion can we draw about Aztec civilization based on their population of 10 million?
They struggled to maintain order
They were smaller than other empires
They had effective systems of government and food production
They relied mainly on conquered peoples
61
Which statement represents the BEST analysis of the Triple Alliance's power structure?
The alliance had no real leadership structure
All three kingdoms remained exactly equal
Tlacopan became the strongest member
The power balance shifted over time toward the Aztecs
62
Which of the following best describes the structure of Maya society?
A democracy with elected officials
A complex hierarchy with nobles, middle class, and commoners
A single ruler with absolute power
A society without any social classes
63
Which group typically owned plantations, ranches, and mines in New Spain?
Peninsulares
American Indians
Creoles
Mestizos
64
What was one of the reasons for the decline of many great Maya cities between 800 and 1000 CE?
Warfare and prolonged drought
The rise of a new civilization
An increase in population
The discovery of new trade routes
65
What engineering achievement did the Aztec use to bring fresh water to their capital city?
Bridges
Dams
Wells
Aqueducts
66
Maya astronomers calculated celestial movements without:
Mathematical understanding
Observatories
Calendars
Telescopes
67
The Maya developed a zero in their mathematical system before Europeans. This innovation was important because:
It had no practical mathematical significance
It was used only in religious ceremonies
It allowed for more precise numerical representations
It made mathematical calculations more complex
68
The Maya's astronomical knowledge suggests they were:
Highly sophisticated in observing and calculating astronomical movements
Primitive in their understanding of celestial bodies
Dependent on other civilizations for astronomical information
Uninterested in celestial phenomena
