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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
2
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
sensory cortex
medulla
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
3
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
aptitude intelligence
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
4
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
unhealthy attributional styles
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
5
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
6
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
7
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
lack of debriefing
lack of informed consent
8
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
behavior shaping
token economy
9
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
10
Which is most closely associated with creativity
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
divergent thinking
11
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
an extraverted personality
high self-efficacy
low self-esteem
a strong superego
12
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
PET
MRI
rTMS
EEG
13
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
holobase
phoneme
grapheme
14
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
median
standard deviation
mean
15
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his research wasn't representative of the population
16
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
projection
reaction formation
sublimation
17
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
go for a run
eat a meal
pursue a romantic interest
make new friends
18
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
cut with a knife
say a sentence
write with a pencil
19
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
20
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
correlation study
experiment
naturalistic observation
case study
21
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
manifest content and latent content
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
conscious level and non conscious level
role theory and dissociation theory
22
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a probability of chance less than 5%
23
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
partial
continuous
primary
24
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
25
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
26
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
disinhibition
social roles
conformity
social facilitation
27
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
superordinate goals
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
scapegoating
28
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
fixed variable
fixed ratio
variable interval
29
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
openness
neuroticism
conscientiousness
extraversion
30
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
social-cognitive
humanist
psychoanalyst
31
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
social
behavioral
situational
dispositional
32
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
33
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
touch
smell
sight
34
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
environment
temperament
culture
family
35
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
social facilitation theory
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
Schachter two-factor theory
36
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
counterbalancing
standard deviation
inferential statistics
descriptive statistics
37
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
mirror neurons
sublimation
modeling
38
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
serotonin
adrenaline
acetylcholine
39
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
alpha waves
delta waves
beta waves
sleep spindles
40
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
nonessential subjects like art and music
41
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
difference threshold
42
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
43
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : increase
remove : punish
remove : decrease
44
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
systematic desensitization
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
45
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
46
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic nerve
fovea
feature detectors
optic chiasm
47
light enters the eye through an opening in the
blind spot
fovea
iris
retina
48
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
developmental study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
49
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
central route persuasion
mere-exposure effect
deindividuation
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
50
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
serotonin system
somatic nervous system
endocrine system
sympathetic nervous system
51
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
range
mean
standard deviation
52
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
53
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
54
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
malleus (hammer)
basilar membrane
tympanic membrane
55
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sensory adaptation
hearing high frequencies
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
56
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
solving a logic problem
speaking aloud
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
57
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
secure attachment with parents
concrete operational exercises
myelination of brain neurons
58
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
59
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
cerebellum
medulla
amygdala
60
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
61
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
she does not have a conflict
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
62
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
predictive validity
content validity
split-half reliability
test-retest reliability
63
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
lithium
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
64
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
transduction of the wave
65
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
standardized
triarchic
projective
achievement
66
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
67
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
REBT
systematic desensitization
token economies
client-centered therapy
68
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
Moro
rooting
Babinski
69
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
responding to deindividuation among group members
increasing group polarization within different groups
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
70
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
aptitude test
achievement test
IQ test
71
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
id, ego, and superego
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
traits, the environment, and behavior
72
In people, rods, unlike cones,
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are unable to detect motion
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
73
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
74
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
need for achievement
primary drives
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
75
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
76
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
secondary preventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
biomedical interventions
77
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
functional fixedness
archetypes
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
78
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
negative reinforcement
modeling
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
79
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
assignment to conditions
random sampling
representative assignment
random assignment
80
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
retinal disparity
linear perspective
convergence
81
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
82
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
behavioral
83
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
dissociative
schizophrenic
anixety
personality
84
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
85
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
motor development
parenting style
attachment
assimilation
86
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
87
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
linguistic relativity hypothesis
language acquisition device
serial position effect
88
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
50
84
68
95
89
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
90
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
object permanence
attachment
universal ethical principles
conservation
91
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
out-group homogeneity
reciprocity norm
92
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
93
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
psychodynamic
evolutionary
biological
humanistic
94
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
groupthink
deindividuation
social facilitation
group polarization
95
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
long-term memory
sensory memory
short-term memory
procedural memory
96
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
fixed intervals; variable ratios
97
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
defense mechanisms
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
factor analysis
98
What is the purpose of the DSM
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
99
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
phallic stage
oral stage
latency period
100
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
panic disorder
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
101
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
trait theory
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
102
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
103
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
group polarization
superordinate goals
deindividuation
diffusion of responsibility
104
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
fundamental
internal
situational
105
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
generalized anxiety disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
major depressive disorder
106
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
pons
cerebellum
107
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
sleep cycles
daily activities
personalities
108
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
balance
touch
sight
hearing
109
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
placebo effect
wearing guard uniforms
110
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
linguistic relativity hypothesis
gender schema theory
principle of continuity
the social role hypothesis
111
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
retroactive memory
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
112
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
113
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
antagonists
dissociation
tolerance
activation-synthesis
114
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
the importance of physical contact to development
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
115
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
overconfidence
116
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
accommodation
assimilation
habituation
117
which is an example of an implicit memory
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
recognizing a celebrity
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
118
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can determine causal relationships between variables
119
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
performing a task and receiving food
movement and electrical shocks
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
120
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
sleep apnea and night terrors
heightened manifest dream content
interference with memory tasks
121
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
modes
variances
outliers
normally distributed
122
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
123
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
Gage's area
124
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
125
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
humanistic
psychoanalytic
biological
126
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
127
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
128
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
brain injury
leading questions
proactive interference
relearning effect
129
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
William James
Albert Bandura
130
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
131
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
aptitude measures
construct validity
standardization
test-retest reliability
132
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
133
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
134
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
regulating emotion
planning for the future
processing sensory information
135
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
instrumental learning
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
136
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
cognitive
evolutionary
psychodynamic
humanistic
137
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
psychometrics
social psychology
positive psychology
138
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
139
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
latent learning
observational learning
counterconditioning
140
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
cognitive
pharmacological
structuralist
behavioral
141
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
myelin
terminal button
neurotransmiters
synaptic cleft
142
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
neuroplasticity
contralateral control
hemispheric lateralization
effective psychological environment
143
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
major depressive disorder
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
autism
144
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
frequency theory
absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
difference threshold
145
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
divergent thinking
low experiential intelligence
a mental set
146
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
latent learning
social learning theory
147
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
framing effects
inattentional blindness
148
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
cognitive
psychoanalytic
trait
humanistic
149
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
150
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
151
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
152
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
self-serving bias
compliance strategies
in-group bias
153
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
just world bias
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
154
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
155
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
reduce : stereotypes
156
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
parenting style
157
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
mental retardation
158
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
159
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
early 20s
puberty
late 40s
160
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
161
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
well below the average of 200
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
slightly above average
162
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
cornea
optic nerve
rods
163
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
postconventional
James-Lange
theory Y
approach-avoidance