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Duplicate of Science & Enlightenment - Ch. 16 Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of Science & Enlightenment - Ch. 16
Duplicate of Science & Enlightenment - Ch. 16
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Scientific Revolution & the Enlightenment - McKay Ch. 16
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1
Many Greek texts made their way into western Europe after 1453 because of the
proliferation of new accounting tools like letters of credit
capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire
rise in interest in astrology among elites
relaxed import dues on scholarly goods under the Medici
2
True of false: Galileo's
law of inertia
proves that objects are naturally at rest
True
False
3
The main feature of the "Newtonian Synthesis" is his
blending of the occult and the scientific
scientific method
use of shells and pebbles to explain astronomy
law of universal gravitation
4
Francis Bacon was a proponent of
deductive reasoning
, which was based on
using observation to support general ideas
using truths to make further conclusions
5
Johannes Kepler's contribution to astronomy was his proclamation
accepting Aristotelian ideas of motion
rejecting Brahe's conclusions
of Laws of Planetary motion
blending music and science
6
Pierre Bayle's
Historical and Critical Dictionary
proclaimed the idea that
progress meant religious toleration
everything is for the best
government without consent of the people was tyranny
nothing can ever be known beyond all doubt
7
Aristotle and his followers believed that objects are naturally in motion
yes - force is needed to stop them
only in the lunar sphere
no - force is needed to move them
when they are in the fifth essence
8
For Voltaire, the equality that was realizable was
economic equality
equality under the law
social equality
equality of the sexes
9
Montesquieu's contribution to American government, found in The Spirit of the Laws was
social contract
separation of powers
bicameral legislature
objection to tyranny
10
The experimental method called for
speculation and observation
observation and then conclusions
speculation and belief
tradition and observation
11
Blood circulation through veins and arteries was discovered by
Paracelsus
Andreas Vesalius
William Harvey
Robert Boyle
12
Empiricism is based on
deductive reasoning
hypothesis
speculation
observation
13
Galileo was reluctant to join forces with Kepler because he feared
retribution from the Catholic Church
Kepler might steal his ideas
the math used to calculate orbits was flawed
their ideas were too untried to promote
14
Science and empire found their interests merging in
"kings" of science
fighting Church influences on "truth"
Imperial decrees of scientific truths
cataloging New World plants and animals
15
Andreas Vesalius was noted for his studies of
animal husbandry
animal society
human anatomy
natural history
16
Kepler's contributions to science include his pioneering the field of
alchemy
chemistry
gastronomy
optics
17
Descartes' view of the universe was
idealistic
a rejection of so-called "first principles"
singular
mechanistic
18
Copernicus did not publish
On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres
until 1543 because he
wanted to translate it into Polish
wanted to be certain his claims were correct
lacked patronage
feared retribution
19
Locke's Two Treatises on Civil Government insisted on the sovereignty of
parliament over king
king over parliament
20
Galileo was tried for heresy in 1632 because he
supported the intervention of Sweden in the Thirty Years War
refused to recant his beliefs and was imprisoned
openly challenged traditional views in favor of Copernicus
supported Protestant ideas
21
The Copernican hypothesis did NOT call into question
the size of the universe
the movement of stars
geocentrism
Aristotle's crystal spheres
22
Baron de Montesquieu used satire and the vantage point of outsiders in
The Persian Letters
to
critique Parisian society
promote religious toleration
answer Voltaire's attacks on the Church
make fun of the old Savafid empire
23
Kepler's observations proved that planetary motion is
elliptical
irregular
circular
spherical
24
Universities and academies did offer science posts to women in
Great Britain
France
Austria
Italy
25
Madame du Chatelet believed that women's limited role in science was due to
their lack of equal education
economic imperatives that cut science from schools
predestination
their inability to think mathematically
26
Some women, such as Maria Sibylla Merian combined art & science with careers as
technical writers
models
cadavers
scientific illustrators
27
Tycho Brahe's contribution to astronomy lay in his
blending of Copernican and Ptolemaic ideas
compilation of accurate data on planetary motion
his use of sophisticated instruments
rejection of astrology
28
The stated goal of Diderot and D'Alembert's
Encyclopedia
was to
challenge government and church authority in articles
provide all people with the right answers
change the general way of thinking to a more analytical one
reject knowledge not scientifically based
29
Cartesian dualism is based on the existence of
brain and brawn
heart and soul
blood and bone
mind and matter
30
Voltaire and the philosophes believed that religious intoleration led to
fanaticism
reason
inequality
anarchy
31
In his "Essay Concerning Human Understanding" John Locke explains the human mind as a
an empty canvas
predestined propensity for good of evil
sort of social contract
a "tabula rasa" or blank slate
32
Which STEM field was used by Renaissance painters in their turn toward realism?
physics
astronomy
geometry
alchemy
33
Enlightenment writers took intellectual focus away from antiquity and set an agenda to
cure madness
solve human problems with mathematics
solve human problems with the methods of science
apply science to art and literature
34
Natural philosophers often included which ancient fields in their practices and studies?
astronomy and astrology
magic and alchemy
card reading and astronomy
sleight of hand and astrology
