exchange a nucleotide within the same family; A->G C->T

Which of these things about genetics refute eugenics?

gene linkage, genetic variation, genetic drift vs natural selection, traits are polygenic

Which of these are spontaneous chemical changes?

depurination: β-N-glycosidic bond cleaved by hydrolysis releasing A or G, deamination: removal of amine group from nucleotide making it diff molecule

What's the difference between a loss-of-function mutation(LF), gain-of-function mutation(GF), and a lethal mutation(LM)?

LF: amorphic w/ recessive traitGF: neomorphic w/ dominanceLM: causes death

CRISPR stands for what?

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

Which of these statements is false?

deacetylation can permit transcription factors to bind to DNA

Which of these does NOT describe 3' Polyadenylation?

increases chance of mistranslation

Which of these are positive eugenics?

promoting the ideas of “good stock”, encourage healthy people of above‐averageintelligence to bear more children, family planning and prenatal care

Which of these is NOT true of transposable elements (transposons)?

cannot increase the size of the genome

Which of these statements is FALSE?

DNA methylation usually encourages transcription of eukaryotic genes.

Which of these is NOT used to define an intron?

discourages the assembly of a spliceosome

Which of these does NOT describe 5' capping?

encourages degenerative enzymes to remove unnecessary bases from the 5' end

Which of the following are negative eugenics?

segregation, euthanasia, sterilization

Which of these does NOT describe mature microRNA (miRNA)?

class of artificially occurring, small non‐coding RNA molecules

changing one codon to a synonymous codon; no change to peptide

The miRNA protein complex...

blocks translation by the ribosome, speeds up deadenylation (breakdown of Poly-A tail)

Which of these describe ribosomal pausing during elongation?

can result in premature degradation of the incomplete polypeptide, stacking of ribosomes on an mRNA molecule caused by changes in environment, can result in release of the ribosome

changing one codon to another codon causing a change in amino acid sequence

Which of these are caused by a nonsense mutation?

cystic fibrosis, duchenne muscular dystrophy

What is the correct order of transcriptional regulation?

initiating signal, activate TF, transcription complex, RNApolymerase II

Which of these DOES NOT describe a transcription factor (TF)?

does not help create the transcription complex

During DNA methylation, a gene "switched on" has...

open chromatin, unmethylated cytosines

Which of these do NOT describe elongation in translational regulation?

polypeptide chain is hydrolyzed from ribosome and proteinis released, ribosome reaches a stop codon and release factor binds to theribosome

Which of these is FALSE?

5-bromouracil is an example of a spontanous mutation

Transversion mutant...

exchange a nucleotide outside the same family; A->T G->C

Which of these does not describe alternative splicing?

often results in proteins which have wildly different functions

Which of these are substitution mutants?

transition mutant, transversion mutant

Which of these DOES NOT describe autonomous long interspersed elements?

DNA sequences that range in length from 100-400 bp

Which of these DOES NOT describe ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes?

includes methylation, phosphorylation, and acetylation

studbud

BIOL 3000 Test IV

74 termsStudBud Administration96 plays

Dr. S Genetics

Flashcards74 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 74

Answers

1
Attachment of lipid chains resulting in membranelocalization of a protein.
myristoylation
disulfide bonds
post-translational regulation
proteolytic cleavage
2
Transfer epigenetic information rather than just DNA sequence information to offspring.
heritable traits
epigenetics
epigenetic tags
imprinted genes
3
Transition mutant...
exchange a nucleotide within the same family; A->G C->T
exchange a nucleotide outside the same family; A->T G->C
changing one codon to another codon causing a change in amino acid sequence
changing one codon to a synonymous codon; no change to peptide
4
Which of these DOES NOT describe a non-autonomous short interspersed element?
represent 90% of our DNA
represent reverse transcribed RNA originally trancribed by RNApol II
most abundant SINEs are Alu elements
Alu elements are recognized by the restriction enzyme Alul
5
Which of these things about genetics refute eugenics?
gene linkage
genetic variation
genetic drift vs natural selection
traits are polygenic
6
Which of these are spontaneous chemical changes?
free radicals: unstable molecules that steal e- from stable molecules
depurination: β-N-glycosidic bond cleaved by hydrolysis releasing A or G
deamination: removal of amine group from nucleotide making it diff molecule
5-bromouracil: antimetabolite of uracil that can replace thymine in DNA
7
What's the difference between a loss-of-function mutation(LF), gain-of-function mutation(GF), and a lethal mutation(LM)?
LF: neomorphic w/ dominanceGF: amorphic w/ recessive traitLM: causes death
LF: amorphic w/ recessive traitGF: neomorphic w/ dominanceLM: causes death
LF: amorphic w/ dominanceGF: neomorphic w/ recessive traitLM: causes death
LF: neomorphic w/ recessive traitGF: amorphic w/ dominanceLM: causes death
8
Spliceosome - protein/RNA complex that directs and insures proper RNA splicing
True
False
9
CRISPR stands for what?
Clustered Repeatedly Interspaced Short Palindromic RNA
Chromatin Repeats Interspaced Short Palindromic RNA
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
Chromatin Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
10
Which of these statements is false?
acetylation of histone tails weakens interaction with DNA
histone acetylation causes gene activation
deacetylation can permit transcription factors to bind to DNA
histone deacetylation causes gene silencing
11
Barr Body –undercoiled X chromosome
True
False
12
Which of these does NOT describe 3' Polyadenylation?
increases stability of mRNA molecule
ribonuclease cleaves mRNA downstream from polyA site;polyA pol adds adenine
regulates transport in the cytoplasm
increases chance of mistranslation
13
Which of these are positive eugenics?
marriage restrictions
promoting the ideas of “good stock”
encourage healthy people of above‐averageintelligence to bear more children
family planning and prenatal care
14
Which of these is NOT true of transposable elements (transposons)?
class 2TEs do not require reverse transcriptase (DNA transposons)
cannot increase the size of the genome
often generate some type of mutation when they move locations
class 1TEs (retrotransposons) require reverse transcriptase
15
Which of these statements is FALSE?
housekeeping genes: tend to be constitutively expressed in most cell types
DNA methylation usually encourages transcription of eukaryotic genes.
tissue specific genes-gene expression regulated by methylation @ CpGislands
many eukaryotic genes contain CpG islands neartheir promoter regions
16
Which of these is NOT used to define an intron?
discourages the assembly of a spliceosome
GU at the 5’ splice site, AG at the 3’ splice site.
polypyrimidine tract (PPT) just upstream of the 3’ splice site
branch point sequence (UACUAAC) – binding site for snRNP-U2
17
Which of these does NOT describe 5' capping?
includes the addition of a guanine group when the mRNA is ~30 nucleotides
co-transcriptional
encourages degenerative enzymes to remove unnecessary bases from the 5' end
helps the ribosome and CBC recognize mRNA strands
18
What allows an autonomous non-long terminal repeat transposon to move on its own?
reverse transcriptase
reverse transposonase
transcriptase
transposonase
19
Which of the following are negative eugenics?
segregation
euthanasia
sterilization
promoting the ideas of “good stock”
20
Region of DNA located upstream but near the transcriptionstart site of a particular gene that initiates transcription.
TATA box
silencer
promoter
enhancer
21
Nonsense mutations add in a second start codon in the mRNA.
True
False
22
Which of these does NOT describe mature microRNA (miRNA)?
RNA molecules whose main function is to downregulate gene expression
useful as biomarkers in diagnostics andattractive drug intervention targets
perturbed expression in tumors compared to healthy cells
class of artificially occurring, small non‐coding RNA molecules
23
Silent mutation...
exchange a nucleotide outside the same family; A->T G->C
changing one codon to another codon causing a change in amino acid sequence
changing one codon to a synonymous codon; no change to peptide
exchange a nucleotide within the same family; A->G C->T
24
The miRNA protein complex...
speeds up adenylation (addition of Poly-A tail)
blocks translation by the ribosome
speeds up deadenylation (breakdown of Poly-A tail)
removes the hairpin loop region leaving dsRNA
25
Which of these describe ribosomal pausing during elongation?
can result in premature degradation of the incomplete polypeptide
stacking of ribosomes on an mRNA molecule caused by changes in environment
most regulation exerted at this stage
can result in release of the ribosome
26
Missense mutation...
exchange a nucleotide within the same family; A->G C->T
changing one codon to a synonymous codon; no change to peptide
changing one codon to another codon causing a change in amino acid sequence
exchange a nucleotide outside the same family; A->T G->C
27
Between cysteine residues in close proximity as aresult of a proteins tertiary structure.
proteolytic cleavage
disulfide bonds
post-translational regulation
myristoylation
28
Which of these are caused by a nonsense mutation?
klienfelters
marfans syndrome
cystic fibrosis
duchenne muscular dystrophy
29
What is the correct order of transcriptional regulation?
initiating signal, activate TF, RNApolymerase II, transcription complex
initiating signal, activate TF, transcription complex, RNApolymerase II
activate TF, initiating signal, transcription complex, RNApolymerase II
activate TF, initiating signal, RNApolymerase II, transcription complex
30
Which of these DOES NOT describe a transcription factor (TF)?
control the rate of gene transcription by influencing RNApol DNA binding
contains DNA binding domains in 3° structure for specific DNA sequences
multiple TF can affect expression of a single gene
does not help create the transcription complex
31
Ectopic recombination causes chromosome deletion.
True
False
32
Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) often results in insertions or deletions.
True
False
33
During DNA methylation, a gene "switched on" has...
open chromatin
unmethylated cytosines
silent chromatin
deacetylated histones
34
Which of these do NOT describe elongation in translational regulation?
polypeptide chain is hydrolyzed from ribosome and proteinis released
60S ribosome reads downthe mRNA, resulting in synthesis of a polypeptide
ribosome reaches a stop codon and release factor binds to theribosome
dependent on ribosomal elongation factors
35
Which of these is FALSE?
spontaneous mutations occur w/o artificial factors or external regulators
mismatched bp after repair mechanisms can become permanent mutations
5-bromouracil is an example of a spontanous mutation
120,000 mistakes are made everytime a cell divides
36
Up-regulation causes decreased gene expression, while down-regulation causes increased gene expression.
False
True
37
Which of these are functional mutants?
lethal mutant
transition mutant
transversion mutant
frameshift mutant
38
Phosphorylation: attachment of phosphate groups to specific aminoacids resulting in regulation of enzymatic activity.
True
False
39
Transversion mutant...
changing one codon to a synonymous codon; no change to peptide
exchange a nucleotide within the same family; A->G C->T
exchange a nucleotide outside the same family; A->T G->C
changing one codon to another codon causing a change in amino acid sequence
40
What causes a cat to be calico (piebald) instead of tortiseshell?
frameshift mutation
co-transitional 5' preMRNA capping
in-frame mutation
timing of methylation
41
Cleavage of a pre‐protein resulting in a mature, functional protein.
disulfide bonds
proteolytic cleavage
post-translational regulation
myristoylation
42
Homologous recombination (HR) does not allow for precise mutations to be inserted.
False
True
43
Which of these does not describe alternative splicing?
increases genetic diversity
often results in proteins which have wildly different functions
a regulated process that results in one gene coding for multiple proteins
mechanism of removal is the same as the spliceosome
44
Which of these are insertion/deletion mutants?
lethal mutant
transversion mutant
frameshift mutant
transition mutant
45
UV light causes pyrimidine dimers by the formation of covalent linkages localized on cysteine double bonds.
False
True
46
Which of these are substitution mutants?
transition mutant
transversion mutant
lethal mutant
frameshift mutant
47
Which of these DOES NOT describe autonomous long interspersed elements?
DNA sequences that range in length from 100-400 bp
can code for endonuclease that cuts DNA
most L1 elements are not functional, but may help regulate transcription
functional L1 elements encode proteins that can make a DNA copy of RNA
48
EPIGENOME – record of the chemical changes to the DNA and histone proteins of an organism
False
True
49
Which promoter-proximal element is working in this photo?
silencer
insulator
TATA box
enhancer
50
Which of these DOES NOT describe ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes?
chromatin structure loosens when protein complex binds to DNA
includes methylation, phosphorylation, and acetylation
allows movement of histone core octomer
regulate expression by moving, ejecting, or restructuring nucleosomes
51
Non-complimentary bp pairing due to the flexibility of the double helix is called what?
wobble
goofy goober
gobble
warble
52
In-frame mutations change the reading frame of the codon.
True
False
53
What does this picture show overall?
histone acetylation
histone deacetylation
ATP-dependent chromatin modifying complexes
histone code hypothesis
54
Region of DNA that binds to Activator Proteins to activatethe transcription process.
TATA box
silencer
enhancer
promoter
55
Which of these DOES NOT describe a DNA transposon?
not all DNA transposons encode for the protein transposase
TIR are located at both ends of TE and are recognized by transposase
they move through the genome using a "cut and paste" mechanism
DR mark excision site once TE moves from genome
56
Which of these is not part of immunological memory (aquired immunity)?
B-cells
lymphocytes
inflammation
T-cells
57
An insulator is a region of DNA that blocks the interaction of enhancers with promoters.
False
True
58
Long terminal repeat transposons and non-long terminal repeat transposons are both active in humans.
True
False
59
Which of these describe termination in translational regulation?
polypeptide chain is hydrolyzed from ribosome and proteinis released
dependent on ribosomal elongation factors
ribosome reaches a stop codon and release factor binds to theribosome
60S ribosome reads downthe mRNA, resulting in synthesis of a polypeptide
60
Which of these is not an innate immunity?
surface barriers
inflamation
lymphocytes
cellular barriers
61
DNAsequence found in promoter region where TranscriptionFactor Complex proteins bind, specifically TATA Binding Protein.
promoter
enhancer
TATA box
silencer
62
Which of these describe promoter proximal elements?
site of additional activator protein binding
responsible for induced/repressed level of expression
site of TATA‐binding protein and Basal Factorbinding
binding by tissue specific transcription factors
63
Which of these are affected/regulated by methylation?
protein synthesis in depressed patients
programmed cell death pathways
transcription in AD patients
64
Modification of amino acids in protein resulting in structural changesor attachment of other functional groups.
proteolytic cleavage
myristoylation
disulfide bonds
post-translational regulation
65
Frameshift mutations change the reading frame of the codon due to a loss or gain of a nucleotide.
True
False
66
What is the missing step in the CRISPR Cas-9 system?
Endonuclease snips the DNA, created a break in both strands
Helicase unwinds the DNA, creating a break in both strands
Cas9 snips the DNA, creating a break in both strands.
Cas9 unwinds the DNA, creating a break in both strands
67
Slipped strand mispairing involves denaturing of DNA strands and leads to misplaced bp.
True
False
68
EUGENICS –“well born”Improvement of the human race throughselective breeding practices
False
True
69
Mutations in somatic cells can be inherited by offspring.
True
False
70
Insulators prevent transcription of non-target genes.
False
True
71
MicroRNA and chromatin remodeling cause most transposons to be active.
False
True
72
Region of DNA that binds to Repressor Proteins to prevent binding of RNA Pol II to the promoter.
silencer
enhancer
promoter
TATA box
73
Lyonization–inactivation of one random X chromosome so as not to produce twice the gene product
True
False
74
Which one of these does NOT describe initiation in translational regulation?
least regulation exerted at this stage
ribosome subunit proteins + IFs form complex that recognizes mRNA 5'-cap
once bound, the complex scans down the mRNA until AUG is located
complex lines up the codonwith the P site of the 60S subunit

BIOL 3000 Test IV Flashcards | StudBud